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以人群为基础的生物监测:纽约市有机磷和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂暴露

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环境与职业医学 2014年第4期31卷 329-329页

作者： Wendy McKelvey J.Bryan Jacobson daniel Kass Dana Boyd Barr Mark davis Antonia M.Calafat Kenneth M.Aldous

[背景]有机磷类和拟除虫菊酯类是两类美国最常见的杀虫剂。这些杀虫剂广泛用于控制纽约市建筑物里的虫害,所导致的杀虫剂暴露可能比比在欠城市化的环境中更高。[目的]估计纽约市杀虫剂暴露的参考值,并确定人口学特征和行为特征以预测暴... 详细信息

[背景]有机磷类和拟除虫菊酯类是两类美国最常见的杀虫剂。这些杀虫剂广泛用于控制纽约市建筑物里的虫害,所导致的杀虫剂暴露可能比比在欠城市化的环境中更高。[目的]估计纽约市杀虫剂暴露的参考值,并确定人口学特征和行为特征以预测暴露。[方法]2004年纽约市健康与营养调查是一项在人群基础上的横断面研究,研究对像为≥20岁的成年人。检测883名参加者的尿中有机磷代谢产物[二甲基磷酸酯(DMp)、二甲基硫代磷酸酯(DMTp)、二甲基二硫代磷酸酯、二乙基磷酸酯、二乙基硫代磷酸酯和二乙基二硫代磷酸酯]的浓度,以及1 452名参加者的尿中拟除虫菊酯类代谢产物[3-苯氧基苯甲酸(3-pBA)、反式-3-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷-1-羧酸(反式DCCA)、4-氟-3-苯氧基苯甲酸和顺式-3-(2,2-二溴乙烯基)-2,2-二甲基环丙烷-1-羧酸]的浓度。使用多元线性回归在不同的预测因子类别中估计总二烃基磷酸盐(ΣDAp)的最小二乘几何平均值和3-pBA浓度。[结果]二甲基有机磷代谢产物的第95百分位浓度最高(DMp和DMTp分别为87.4μg/L和74.7μg/L)。拟除虫菊酯类代谢物中测得的最高第95百分位浓度分别为3-pBA和反式-DCCA(分别为5.23μg/L和5.94μg/L)。ΣDAp浓度随着年龄增加而增加,在非西班牙裔白人或黑人中较西班牙裔/族裔高,在专业使用杀虫剂者中较高,也随水果的消费频率增加而增加;ΣDAp浓度随非绿色蔬菜消费增加而下降。在各预测因子类别中尿3-pBA浓度几何均数的绝对差值都太小而无意义。[结论]纽约市拟除虫菊酯类和有机磷二甲酯类暴露水平估值均高于美国的整体水平,因此在制定杀虫剂的使用法规时,一定要考虑城市中虫害与杀虫剂负荷。

关键词：拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂有机磷类纽约市生物监测人群硫代磷酸酯人口学特征行为特征

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红外摄像机可以检测集成电路芯片

红外 2001年第6期22卷 42-43页

作者： daniel C.McCarthy 贡树行美国得克萨斯州奥斯汀市高级微型器件公司

根据莫尔(Moore)定律,半导体集成电路芯片上的晶体管的数量每隔18个月将会增加一倍,这对我们在日常生活中使用电子学线路的大多数人来说,无疑是一个很好的消息.但是,对美国高级微型器件公司的Brennan davis实验室来说,它意味着'干草堆'... 详细信息

根据莫尔(Moore)定律,半导体集成电路芯片上的晶体管的数量每隔18个月将会增加一倍,这对我们在日常生活中使用电子学线路的大多数人来说,无疑是一个很好的消息.但是,对美国高级微型器件公司的Brennan davis实验室来说,它意味着'干草堆'变得越来越大,而'针子'变得越来越小(意思是在芯片上寻找故障或缺陷更难,犹如大海捞针-译者注).davis实验室检测封装的晶体管芯片,以验证那些不合格、有缺陷的逻辑电路,或验证那些接触不良的接点.检测的工具之一是采用由美国Sensors传感器无限公司研制的、基于InGaAs的红外摄像机(红外相机).

关键词：红外摄像机集成电路芯片

Front-end readout electronics system of protoDUNE-Sp LAr TpC

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2019年第3期3卷 192-201页

作者： Hans-Gerd Berns Hucheng Chen Alessio D’Andragora Jack Fried daniel Gastler S.Gao Eric Hazen Wenbin Hou Shaorui Li Feng Liu Veljko Radeka Maura Spanu Emerson Vernon Elizabeth Worcester Matthew Worcester Krithika Yethiraj Bo Yu Junbin Zhang physics Department Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA Instrumentation Division Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973USA Crocker Nuclear Laboratory University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA Department of physics Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Engineering physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 10084China

purpose As a prototype of Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment far detector,protoDUNE single-phase Liquid Argon(LAr)Time projection Chamber(TpC)sits in H4 beam line at CERN to characterize detector *** consists of 6 full-size Anode plane Assemblies(ApAs)plus 18 Cathode plane Assembly(CpA)modules to form two 3.6-m drift regions with a total of 15,360 readout *** achieve a good signal-to-noise ratio with this noble liquid detector(770ton LAr),cold electronics developed at BNL for extremely low temperature(77K–89K)operation is an optimal solution,which decouples the electrode and cryostat design from the readout *** With CMOS front end ASICs integrated with the TpC electrodes,the electronic noise is independent of the fiducial volume and much lower than with readout electronics at room *** addition,signal digitization and multiplexing to high-speed links inside the cryostat result in large reduction in the quantity of cables and the number of cryostat penetrations,giving the designers of both the TpC and the cryostat the freedom to choose the optimum *** and conclusions By April 2018,we have successfully instrumented 6 ApAs with cold electronics,and the results of the integration test before the final installation in the cryostat look very promising.

关键词： protoDUNE-Sp TpC ApA Cold electronics Integration test Introduction

Genome Res:科学家发现遗传突变和环境暴露或可明显影响机体健康

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现代生物医学进展 2016年第35期16卷 I0004-I0004页

作者： Gregory A. Moyerbrailean,4 Allison L. Richards,4 daniel Kurtz,4 Cynthia A. Kalita,4 Gordon O. davis Chris T. Harvey Adnan Alazizi Donovan Watza Yoram Sorokin Nancy Hauff Xiang Zhou Xiaoquan Wen Roger pique-Regi Francesca Luca Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics Wayne State University Detroit Michigan 48201 USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Wayne State University Detroit Michigan 48201 USA Department of Biostatistics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA Corresponding authors: fluca{at}wayne.edu rpique{at}wayne.edu

日前，一项发表在国际杂志Genome Research上的研究报告中。来自韦恩州立大学医学中心的研究人员通过研究首次揭示了环境暴罐和遗传突变之间的相互作用如何对机体健康和诸如糖尿病等多种疾病产生明显的影响，该研究或将加速未来精准医... 详细信息

日前，一项发表在国际杂志Genome Research上的研究报告中。来自韦恩州立大学医学中心的研究人员通过研究首次揭示了环境暴罐和遗传突变之间的相互作用如何对机体健康和诸如糖尿病等多种疾病产生明显的影响，该研究或将加速未来精准医学的研究步伐。

关键词：机体健康环境暴露遗传突变科学家 Res 显影相互作用研究人员

Evolution and future of urban ecological science:ecology in,of,and for the city

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2016年第7期2卷 4-20页

作者： Steward T.A.pickett Mary L.Cadenasso daniel L.Childers Mark J.McDonnell Weiqi Zhou Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies MillbrookNew York 12545 USA Department of plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavis1 Shields AvenueDavisCalifornia 95616 USA School of Sustainability Arizona State UniversityWrigley HallPO Box 875402TempeArizona 85287 USA Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria c/o School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneVictoria 3010 Australia Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences18 Shuangqing RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100085 China

The contrast between ecology in cities and ecology of cities has emphasized the increasing scope of urban ecosystem *** in focuses on terrestrial and aquatic patches within cities,suburbs,and exurbs as analogs of non-urban *** fabric outside analog patches is considered to be inhospi-table *** of the city differs from ecology in by treating entire urban mosaics as social-ecolog-ical *** of urban ecosystems incorporates biological,social,and built *** posed as a metaphor to visualize disciplinary evolution,this paper suggests that the contrast has conceptual,empirical,and methodological *** is,the contrast constitutes a disciplinary or“local”paradigm *** paradigm change between ecology in and ecology of represents increased complexity,moving from focus on biotic communities to holistic social-ecological systems.A third paradigm,ecology for the city,has emerged due to concern for urban *** ecology for includes the knowledge generated by both ecology in and ecology of,it considers researchers as a part of the system,and acknowledges that they may help envision and advance the social goals of urban *** urban heterogeneity as a key urban feature,the three paradigms are shown to contrast in five important ways:disciplinary focus,the relevant theory of spatial heterogeneity,the technology for representing spatial structure,the resulting classification of urban mosaics,and the nature of application to *** for the city encourages ecologists to engage with other specialists and urban dwellers to shape a more sustainable urban future.

关键词： city complexity framework interdisciplinary paradigm social-ecological system spatial heterogeneity Special Feature:An Ecology in,of,and for the City sustainability urban ecology

Evading the host response:Staphylococcus“hiding”in cortical bone canalicular system causes increased bacterial burden

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Bone Research 2020年第4期8卷 447-457页

作者： Stephen D.Zoller Vishal Hegde Zachary D.C.Burke Howard Y.park Chad R.Ishmael Gideon W.Blumstein William Sheppard Christopher Hamad Amanda H.Loftin daniel O.Johansen Ryan A.Smith Marina M.Sprague Kellyn R.Hori Samuel J.Clarkson Rachel Borthwell Scott I.Simon Jeff F.Miller Scott D.Nelson Nicholas M.Bernthal Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of CaliforniaLos Angeles125016th St Suite 2100Santa MonicaCA 90404USA David Geffen School of Medicine University of CaliforniaLos Angeles10833 Le Conte AveLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Internal Medicine University of CaliforniaLos Angeles757 Westwood PlazaSuite 7501Los AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA 95616USA California NanoSystems Institute University of CaliforniaLos Angeles570 Westwood PlazaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Microbiology Immunologyand Molecular GeneticsDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos Angeles 90095USA Department of pathology University of CaliforniaLos Angeles125016th St Suite 3450Santa MonicaCA 90404USA

Extremity reconstruction surgery is increasingly performed rather than amputation for patients with large-segment pathologic bone *** persists as to the optimal void filler for this“limb salvage”surgery,whether metal or allograft *** focus on optimizing important functional gains for patients,and the risk of devastating implant infection has been thought to be similar regardless of implant *** insights into infection pathophysiology are challenging this equipoise,however,with both basic science data suggesting a novel mechanism of infection of Staphylococcus aureus(the most common infecting agent)into the host lacunar–canaliculi network,and also clinical data revealing a higher rate of infection of allograft over *** current translational study was therefore developed to bridge the gap between these insights in a longitudinal murine model of infection of allograft bone and ***-time Staphylococci infection characteristics were quantified in cortical bone vs metal,and both microarchitecture of host implant and presence of host immune response were *** orders-of-magnitude higher bacterial burden was established in cortical allograft bone over both metal and cancellous *** establishment of immune-evading microabscesses was confirmed in both cortical allograft haversian canal and the submicron canaliculi network in an additional model of mouse femur bone *** study results reveal a mechanism by which Staphylococci evasion of host immunity is possible,contributing to elevated risks of infection in cortical *** presence of this local infection reservoir imparts massive clinical implications that may alter the current paradigm of osteomyelitis and bulk allograft infection treatment.

关键词： immunity insight reservoir

Diversity and host assemblage of avian haemosporidians in different terrestrial ecoregions of peru

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Current Zoology 2022年第1期68卷 27-40页

作者： Luz GARCIA-LONGORIA Jaime MURIEL Sergio MAGALLANES Zaira Hellen VILLA-GALARCE Leonila RICOpA Wilson Giancarlo INGA-DIAZ Esteban FONG daniel VECCO Cesar GUERRA-SALDANA Teresa SALAS-RENGIFO Wendy FLORES-SAAVEDRA Kathya ESpINOZA Carlos MENDOZA Blanca SALDANA Manuel GONZALEZ-BLAZQUEZ Henry GONZALES-pINEDO Charlene LUJAN-VEGA Carlos Alberto Del AGUILA Yessica VILCA-HERRERA Carlos Alberto pINEDA Carmen REATEGUI Jorge Manuel CARDENAS-CALLIRGOS JoseAlberto IANNACONE Jorge Luis MENDOZA Ravinder NMSEHGAL Alfonso MARZAL Departamento de Anatomia Biologia Celular y ZoologiaUniversidad de ExtremaduraBadajoz E-506071Spain Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab Department of BiologyLund UniversitySolvegatan 37SE-22362 LundSweden Instituto pirenaico de Ecologıa-IpE(CSIC) Avda.Nuestra Senora de la Victoria 16Jaca 22700Spain DIRESA Direccion Regional de SaludLoreto 16001Peru Departamento Academico de Microbiologia y parasitologia.Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia PeruanaIquitos 16001Peru Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Alas PeruanasLima 15823Peru EverGreen Institute-San Rafael Distrito de IndianaLoreto 16200Peru Observatorio de Aves Loreto(LBO) Distrito de San JuanLoreto 16008Peru Centro Urku de Estudios Amazonicos Tarapoto 22200Peru Servicio Nacional de Areas Naturales protegidas por el Estado 15036Peru Sanidad Animal-Facultad de Zootecnia Universidad Nacional Agraria La MolinaLima 15012Peru Laboratorio de Microbiologia Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y ZootecniaUniversidad CientUfica del SurLima 15067Peru Laboratorio de Analisis Clinico Moraleslab SAC MoralesSan Martin 22201Peru Asociacion Ecosistemas Andinos(ECOAN) Cuzco 08002Peru pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Group University of CaliforniaDavisDA 95616USA Global Health Initiative Wabash CollegeCrawfordsvilleIN 47933USA Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Universidad Nacional Hermilio ValdizanHuanuco10160Peru Asociacion peruana de Helmintologia e Invertebrados Afines Lima 15054Peru Laboratorio de Ecologia y Biodiversidad Animal Universidad Nacional Federico VillarrealEl AgustinoLima 15007Peru Laboratorio de Invertebrados Universidad Ricardo Palma-Santiago de SurcoLima 15537Peru Department of Biology San Francisco State UniversitySan FranciscoCA 94132USA

Characterizing the diversity and structure of host–parasite communities is crucial to understandingtheir eco-evolutionary *** and related haemosporidian parasites are responsible forfitness loss and mortality in bird species ***,despite exhibiting the greatest ornithologicalbiodiversity,avian haemosporidians from Neotropical regions are quite ***,we analyze the genetic diversity of bird haemosporidian parasites(plasmodium andHaemoproteus)in 1,336 individuals belonging to 206 bird species to explore for differences in diversityof parasite lineages and bird species across 5 well-differentiated peruvian *** 70 different haemosporidian lineages infecting 74 bird *** showed that 25 out ofthe 70 haplotypes had not been previously ***,we also identified 81 new host–parasite interactions representing new host records for these haemosporidian *** outcomesrevealed that the effective diversity(as well as the richness,abundance,and Shannon–Weaver index)for both birds and parasite lineages was higher in Amazon basin ***,we also showed that ecoregions with greater diversity of bird species also had highparasite richness,hence suggesting that host community is crucial in explaining parasite *** parasites were found in ecoregions with lower bird diversity,implying that the abundanceand richness of hosts may shape the exploitation strategy followed by haemosporidian *** outcomes reveal that Neotropical region is a major reservoir of unidentified *** studies analyzing host distribution and specificity of these parasites inthe tropics will provide important knowledge about phylogenetic relationships,phylogeography,and patterns of evolution and distribution of haemosporidian parasites.

关键词： Amazonia avian malaria generalist parasite habitat specificity Haemoproteus plasmodium specialist parasite

FungalTraits:a user-friendly traits database of fungi and fungus-like stramenopiles

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Fungal Diversity 2020年第2期107卷 I0001-I0016页

作者： Sergei põlme Kessy Abarenkov RHenrik Nilsson Björn D.Lindahl Karina Engelbrecht Clemmensen Havard Kauserud Nhu Nguyen Rasmus Kjøller Scott T.Bates petr Baldrian Tobias Guldberg Frøslev Kristjan Adojaan Alfredo Vizzini Ave Suija Donald pfister Hans-Otto Baral Helle Järv Hugo Madrid Jenni Nordén Jian-Kui Liu Julia pawlowska Kadri põldmaa Kadri pärtel Kadri Runnel Karen Hansen Karl-Henrik Larsson Kevin David Hyde Marcelo Sandoval-Denis Matthew E.Smith Merje Toome-Heller Nalin N.Wijayawardene Nelson Menolli Jr Nicole K.Reynolds Rein Drenkhan Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Tatiana B.Gibertoni Thomas Læssøe William davis Yuri Tokarev Adriana Corrales Adriene Mayra Soares Ahto Agan Alexandre Reis Machado Andrés Argüelles-Moyao Andrew Detheridge Angelina de Meiras-Ottoni Annemieke Verbeken Arun Kumar Dutta Bao-Kai Cui C.K.pradeep César Marín daniel Stanton Daniyal Gohar Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Eveli Otsing Farzad Aslani Gareth W.Griffith Thorsten H.Lumbsch Hans-peter Grossart Hossein Masigol Ina Timling Inga Hiiesalu Jane Oja John Y.Kupagme József Geml Julieta Alvarez-Manjarrez Kai Ilves Kaire Loit Kalev Adamson Kazuhide Nara Kati Küngas Keilor Rojas-Jimenez Krišs Bitenieks Laszlo Irinyi LászlóGNagy Liina Soonvald Li-Wei Zhou Lysett Wagner M.Catherine Aime MaarjaÖpik María Isabel Mujica Martin Metsoja Martin Ryberg Martti Vasar Masao Murata Matthew pNelsen Michelle Cleary Milan C.Samarakoon Mingkwan Doilom Mohammad Bahram Niloufar Hagh-Doust Olesya Dulya peter Johnston petr Kohout Qian Chen Qing Tian Rajasree Nandi Rasekh Amiri Rekhani Hansika perera Renata dos Santos Chikowski Renato L.Mendes-Alvarenga Roberto Garibay-Orijel Robin Gielen Rungtiwa phookamsak Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Saleh Rahimlou Samantha C.Karunarathna Saowaluck Tibpromma Shawn p.Brown Siim-Kaarel Sepp Sunil Mundra Zhu-Hua Luo Tanay Bose Tanel Vahter Tarquin Netherway Teng Yang Tom May Torda Varga Wei Li Victor Rafael Matos Coimbra Virton Rodrigo Targino de Oliveira Vitor Xavier de Lima Vladimir S.Mikryukov Yongzhong Lu Yosuke Matsuda Yumiko Miyamoto Urm Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of Tartu14A Ravila50411 TartuEstonia Natural History Museum University of Tartu46 Vanemuise Str51003 TartuEstonia Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre Box 46140530 GothenburgSweden Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Department of Soil and Environment Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 701475007 UppsalaSweden Department of Forest Mycology and plant pathology Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 702675007 UppsalaSweden Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology(EvoGene) Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloP.O.Box 1066BlindernNO-0316 OsloNorway University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa 3190 Maile WaySt.John 102HonoluluHIUSA Department of Biology University of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 152100 CopenhagenØDenmark purdue University Northwest WestvilleIN 46391USA Institute of Microbiology Czech Academy of SciencesVidenska 108314220 Praha 4Czech Republic GLOBE Institute University of CopenhagenØster Farimagsgade 5KH7.2.321353 CopenhagenDenmark Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi Universitàdi TorinoViale Mattioli 2510125 TorinoItaly Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Farlow Library and Herbarium Harvard University22 Divinity AveCambridgeMA 02138USA Blaihofstr.42 72074 TübingenGermany SYNLAB Estonia Veerenni 53aTallinn 11313Estonia Escuela de Tecnología Médica Universidad Santo TomásLos Carreras 753OsornoChile Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática Universidad MayorCamino La Pirámide 5750HuechurabaSantiagoChile Norwegian Institute for Nature Research(NINA) Sognsveien 680855 OsloNorway School of Life Science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People’s Republic of China Evolutionary Biology Faculty of BiologyBiological and Chemical Research CentreUniversity of Warsawul.Zwirki i Wigury 10102-089 WarsawPoland Department of Botany Swedish Museum of

The cryptic lifestyle of most fungi necessitates molecular identification of the guild in environmental *** the past decades,rapid development and affordability of molecular tools have tremendously improved insights of the fungal diversity in all ecosystems and ***,in spite of the progress of molecular methods,knowledge about functional properties of the fungal taxa is vague and interpretation of environmental studies in an ecologically meaningful manner remains *** order to facilitate functional assignments and ecological interpretation of environmental studies we introduce a user friendly traits and character database FungalTraits operating at genus and species hypothesis *** the information from previous efforts such as FUNGuild and FunFun together with involvement of expert knowledge,we reannotated 10,210 and 151 fungal and Stramenopila genera,*** resulted in a stand-alone spreadsheet dataset covering 17 lifestyle related traits of fungal and Stramenopila genera,designed for rapid functional assignments of environmental *** order to assign the trait states to fungal species hypotheses,the scientific community of experts manually categorised and assigned available trait information to 697,413 fungal ITS *** the basis of those sequences we were able to summarise trait and host information into 92,623 fungal species hypotheses at 1%dissimilarity threshold.

关键词： Fungal traits Trophic modes Function Guild Bioinformatics High-throughput sequencing Community ecology

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第3章海洋观测系统100年进步

气象科技进展 2019年第S1期9卷 40-51页

作者：鲁斯E.戴维斯 LYNNE D.TALLEY DEAN ROEMMICH W.BRECHNER OWENS daniel L.RUDNICK JOHN TOOLE ROBERT WELLER MICHAEL J.MCpHADEN JOHN A.BARTH 贾朋群(编译) 田晓阳(编译) 斯克里普斯海洋研究所伍兹霍尔海洋研究所 NOAA太平洋海洋环境研究试验室俄勒冈州立大学不详

评述了观测海洋的超过100年的历史。海洋观测的特别种类(如船载水文、系泊和漂流浮标)与这些测量可能带来的一些发现和动力认识一起进行了概述。到1970年代,孤立的和"探险队"观测方法演化成为覆盖大面积海洋、处理多尺度现象、使用各种... 详细信息

评述了观测海洋的超过100年的历史。海洋观测的特别种类(如船载水文、系泊和漂流浮标)与这些测量可能带来的一些发现和动力认识一起进行了概述。到1970年代,孤立的和"探险队"观测方法演化成为覆盖大面积海洋、处理多尺度现象、使用各种仪器设备并配备模拟和分析研究团队的外场试验。洋中动力学试验(MODE)面对中尺度"涡旋"及其与更大尺度洋流的相互作用,采用了新的海洋模拟和试验设计技术,还开发了一系列观测方法。MODE之后,新仪器站网建立,用于研究控制不同区域海洋行为的过程。热带海洋全球大气项目得到热带太平洋多年时间序列,并最终预报了像ENSO这样的耦合海洋大气现象。世界海洋环流试验(WOCE)在较少漂浮和系泊设备直接速度观测区域,利用温度、盐分和其他示踪观测在全球海洋量化海洋传输。东部和西部边界层洋流吸引了复杂的观测,不同沿海区域有其独特的科学和社会意义上重要的现象,成为区域观测系统的的选择地。当前出现的很多类型仪器组成网络观测阵列的趋势在持续,为认识和预报大尺度海洋现象提供了可行之路。

关键词：大气现象海洋环流热带海洋漂流浮标海洋观测全球大气系泊设备时间序列