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Fractal Laser Cone Structures Proposed to Confine Antimatter

Advances in Aerospace Science and Technology 2022年第4期7卷 175-187页

作者： daniel nelson Russell Independent Physics Research & Consulting Anchorage USA Formerly High-Temperature Superconductor Unit of Semiconductor Electrical Engineering Group US Patent Office Crystal City USA

Flat, straight sheets of paper, standing vertically on edge cannot support any load placed upon their top edge, but once formed into fractal tube conic sections, they have been measured to support up to 97.52 (± 2.27) kilograms (215 (± 5) pounds) of weight with strength-per-weight ratio up to 10,336 (± 240). So, strength has been discovered to be an emergent characteristic arising solely from addition of intelligent order. It is proposed to impose such intelligent order upon, preferably, at least 6 laser beams by focusing each of them to form cones of light, arranging the cones to form a wall of a larger fractal cone, and converging all of them to a common focal point inside a vacuum chamber to give them sufficient strength near this focal point to attract, hold, and move neutral antimatter, preferably anti-lithium. This opens the new field of structural engineering of light and re-defines the concept of strength. Means of cancelling out radiation pressure by reflection of laser beams back to the common focal point are proposed to enable laser confinement of particles having low polarizability, such as anti-hydrogen. Counter-circulation of light by reflection at grazing incidence is proposed as a means of returning escaping antimatter back to the common focal point containment area. Means are proposed to inject a stream of matter into the contained antimatter to create a matter-antimatter reactor and propulsion engine. Since anti-lithium is not available, yet, means are proposed to test these structures by confining ordinary lithium, instead, and by hitting it with anti-protons and/or positrons. Means are proposed to modulate the matter-antimatter reaction with information to create modulated gravitational waves for communication. The proposed structures would enable efficient, stable, safe confinement of antimatter, which would allow better study of antimatter, and make possible renewable, clean, safe, matter-antimatter reactor generators and propulsion engines, an

关键词： Antimatter Containment Antimatter Confinement Anti-Hydrogen Anti-Lithium Fractal Laser Cone Modulated Gravitational Waves Matter-Antimatter Reactor Fractal Light Structures

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20 ppm Anhydrous Ammonia Odor Agent Proposed for Hydrogen Fuel for Safe Detection of Leaks

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Detection 2023年第1期10卷 1-6页

作者： daniel nelson Russell Independent Research Consultation Anchorage USA

Preferably 20 ppm anhydrous ammonia (NH3) is proposed to be added to hydrogen fuel (H) made from renewable energy sources (green hydrogen), so that H leaks may be easily detectable by smell, but not dangerously toxic. Including this odor agent, would allow H to be distributed safely in pipes, as required by law, and it would allow H to be safely stored, transported, and exported for sale, and widely commercialized. Further research is suggested to identify optimum pressure, temperature, and automated technique for injecting NH3 into H, and to chart the minimum concentration needed, as a function of temperature and humidity. An application to make hypersonic H burning aircraft safer for ground maintenance crews is proposed. An ability to make, store and distribute H, made from local sources of renewable energy, would reduce a need for fossil fuels, especially in poor, remote communities, where it could improve their economy by creating an export product for sale, while reducing pollution.

关键词： Hydrogen Renewable Energy Anhydrous Ammonia Hydrogen Gas Distribution System Odorant Odor Agent Green Hydrogen Hypersonic Aircraft

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The weekend effect:does time of admission impact management and outcomes of small bowel obstruction?

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Gastroenterology Report 2014年第3期2卷 221-225页

作者： Derek P.McVay Avery S.Walker daniel W.nelson Christopher R.Porta Marlin W.Causey Tommy A.Brown Department of Surgery Madigan Healthcare SystemTacomaWAUSA

Aims:To determine whether day and time of admission influences the practice patterns of the admitting general surgeon and subsequent outcomes for patients diagnosed with small bowel ***:A retrospective database review was carried out,covering patients admitted with the presumed diagnosis of partial small bowel obstruction from 2004–***:A total of 404 patients met the inclusion *** hundred and thirty-nine were admitted during the day,93 at night and 172 on the *** 30.2%of the patients were managed operatively with no significant difference between the groups(P=0.89);however,of patients taken to the operating room,patients admitted during the day received operative intervention over 24 hours earlier than those admitted at a weekend,0.79 days vs 1.90 days,respectively(P=0.05).Overall mortality was low at 1.7%,with no difference noted between the groups(P=0.35).Likewise there was no difference in morbidity rates between the three groups(P=0.90).Conclusions:Despite a faster time to operative intervention in those patients admitted during the day,our study revealed that time of admission does not appear to correlate to patient outcome or mortality.

关键词： small bowel obstruction weekend effect time of admission outcomes

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An NSQIP evaluation of practice patterns and outcomes following surgery for anorectal abscess and fistula in patients with and without Crohn’s disease

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Gastroenterology Report 2013年第1期1卷 58-63页

作者： Marlin Wayne Causey daniel nelson Eric K.Johnson Justin Maykel Brad Davis David E.Rivadeneira Brad Champagne Scott R.Steele Department of Surgery Madigan Army Medical SystemMadigan Health SystemTacomaWA 98431USA

Background:Patients with Crohn’s disease(CD)are believed to have more aggressive anorectal abscess and fistula *** assessed the types of procedures performed and perioperative complications associated with the surgical management of anorectal abscess and fistula disease in patients with and without ***:The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database(ACS-NSQIP,2005-2010)was used to calculate 30-day outcomes using regression modeling,accounting for demographics,comorbidities and surgical ***-9 codes for anorectal abscess or fistula were used for initial *** were then stratified,based on the presence or absence of underlying *** procedures included incision and drainage of abscesses,fistulotomy and seton *** fistulas were considered simple,while all others were classified as complex(-vaginal,-urethral and-vesical).Results:A total of 7,218 patients(mean age 45 years;64%male)met inclusion criteria,with underlying CD in 345(4.8%).CD patients were more likely to have a seton placed(9.9 vs 8.2%,P<0.001)and be on steroids(15.4 vs 4.3%,P<0.001).Thirty-seven percent of CD patients underwent local procedures,while 46%had a proctectomy and8%underwent *** was more common in those without underlying CD(16 vs 11%,P<0.001).The overall complication rate after local treatment was 4.9%,with no difference between patients with and without CD(7.7 vs 4.9%,P=0.144).This was not affected by fistula type-simple(7.9 vs 3.9%,P=0.194)vs complex(33 vs 7.1%,P=0.21)—or when stratified by wound(3.8 vs 2.4%;P=0.26)or systemic complications(3.8 vs 2.5%;P=0.53).Yet,complications following emergency procedures were higher in patients with CD(21.4 vs 5.9%,P=0.047).Factors significantly associated with increased complications were Crohn’s disease(OR=8.2),lack of functional independence(OR=2.0),pre-operative weight loss(OR=2.6)and pre-operative acute renal failure(OR=5.6).Steroids were al

关键词： National Surgical Quality Improvement Program(NSQIP) Crohn’s disease anorectal diseases anorectal abscess fistula-in-ano

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Distance assessment of detours by jum ping spiders

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Current Zoology 2020年第3期66卷 263-273页

作者： Samuel AGUILAR-ARGUELLO daniel GERHARD Ximena J.nelson School of Biological Sciences University of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch 8140New Zealand School of Mathem atics and Statistics University of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch 8140New Zealand

To take an indirect route(detour)in order to reach a specific target requires complex cognitive *** more demanding,from the cognitive point of view,is when the goal is only visible at the beginning of the *** spiders from the family Sa lticidae,vision is a key sensory modal-ity mediating navigation and prey *** acute vision allows them to perform complicated detours,possibly as a consequence of the multitude of potential routes in their typically complex 3-dimensional *** used a 4-route choice test,in which routes differed in being either short or long and in the presence or absence of a lure of a prey item,to investigate route assessment in 2 salticid species,Trite planiceps and Marpissa *** both species showed evidence of motivation to follow lured-routes,judging by the number of times they re-oriented toward them while detouring,we found that Trite chose short routes in preference to long routes,but did not prefer the *** contrast,Marpissa exhibited random route choice,although it ori-ented toward lured-routes more often than control routes(lure absent).Our results suggest that decision-making processes about which route to take occurs before embarking on a route,but this is cognitively *** exhibited cognitive limitations in which the lack of visibility of the goal affected ***,the severity of cognitive limitations depended on *** suggest that variability in spatial ability across the Salticidae may be related to the habitat complexity inhabited by each species.

关键词： cognition cognitive limitations decision-making detour behavior Salticidae spatial task

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Analysis of geo-spatiotemporal data using machine learning algorithms and reliability enhancement for urbanization decision support

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第12期13卷 1717-1732页

作者： Kwame O.Hackman Xuecao Li daniel Asenso-Gyambibi Emmanuella A.Asamoah Isaac.D.nelson Data Management Department WASCAL Competence CenterOuagadougouBurkina Faso Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences Iowa State UniversityAmesUSA Department of Environmental Management University of Energy and Natural ResourcesSunyaniGhana Building and Road Research Institute(BRRI) Council for Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR)KumasiGhana

We present systematic analyses of the temporal dynamics of the growth of Kumasi,the fastest growing city in Ghana using 20-year Landsat timeseries data from 2000 to 2020(with 1986 Landsat image as a baseline).Two classification algorithms–random forest(RF)and support vector machines(SVM)–were used to produce binary(built-up/non-built up)maps for all years within the temporal *** further implemented an anomaly detection and temporal consistency algorithm followed by a changing logic to correct the classification anomalies due to image contamination from the cloud and other *** mean overall accuracies obtained for RF and SVM were 94.9%(kappa=0.90)and 95.5%(kappa=0.91),*** results reveal that the mean builtup area percentages of the metropolis are approximately 74,65,47,and 23 for the years 2020,2010,2000,and 1986,respectively,representing a mean annual change of 3.5%over the 34 *** the present lack of labeled data in Ghana for in-depth analyses of the evolution of land use,we believe that this study serves as an initial attempt to a better understanding of the effects of increasing anthropogenic activities due to urbanization,on human and environment health.

关键词： Urbanization Kumasi support vector machine random forest Landsat

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Comparative morphometric and chemical analyses of phenotypes of two invasive ambrosia beetles （Euwallacea spp.） in the United States

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Insect Science 2017年第4期24卷 647-662页

作者： Yigen Chen Paul L. Dallara Lori J. nelson Tom W. Coleman Stacy M. Hishinuma daniel Carrillo Steven J. Seybold Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California Davis USA USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station Davis USDA Forest Service Forest Health Protection San Bemardino California USA Tropical Research and Education Center University of Florida Homestead Florida USA

The polyphagous shot hole borer （PSHB）, Euwallacea sp., was first detected in 2003 in Los Angeles County, California, USA. Recently, this invasive species has become a major pest of many hardwood trees in urban and wildland forests throughout southern California. PSHB is nearly identical in morphology and life history to the tea shot hole borer （TSHB）, Euwallaceafornicatus, an invasive pest of hardwoods in Florida, USA and many other parts of the world. However, molecular studies have suggested that the taxa are different species. We conducted morphometric and chemical analyses of the pheno- types of Euwallacea sp. collected in southern California （Los Angeles County） and E. fornicatus collected in Florida （Miami-Dade County）. Our analyses indicated that PSHB has 3 larval instars. The third larval instar was separated from the first 2 instars by head capsule width with 0 probability of misclassification. The body length, head width, and pronotal width of PSHB adult males were significantly less than those of females. Head width and pronotal width of female PSHB were significantly less than those of female TSHB. In contrast, body length, and ratio of body length to pronotal width of female PSHB were significantly greater than those of female TSHB. However, females of these 2 species could not be separated completely by these 4 measurements because of the overlapping ranges. Cuticular hydrocarbons detected in both species were exclusively alkanes （i.e., n-alkanes, monomethylalkanes, dimethylalkanes, and trimethylalkanes）. Cuticular hydro- carbon profiles of PSHB males and females were similar, but they both differed from that of TSHB females. Cuticular hydrocarbons of PSHB were predominantly internally branched dimethylalkanes with backbones of 31 and 33 carbons, whereas cuticular hydro- carbons of TSHB females were dominated by internally branched monomethylalkanes and dimethylalkanes with backbones of 28 and 29 carbons. Multiple compounds within these classes appear

关键词： cuticular hydrocarbons Euwallaceafornicatus larval instars polyphagousshot hole borer Scolytidae tea shot hole borer

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Processing techniques of selected oilseed by-products of potential use in animal feed: Effects on proximate nutrient composition, amino acid profile and antinutrients

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第4期4卷 442-451页

作者： Collins P.Duodu daniel Adjei-Boateng Regina E.Edziyie nelson W.Agbo Godfred Owusu-Boateng Bodil K.Larsen Peter V.Skov Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyPMB University Post Office Section for Aquaculture DTU Aqua Technical University of Denmark

The effects of processing by autoclaving(AC), soaking(SK), short-term fermentation(S-TF, 4 d) and longterm fermentation(L-TF, 14 d) on the nutritional composition, amino acid profile and some antinutrients were determined for cottonseed meal(CSM), groundnut meal(GNM) and groundnut husk(GH) in this study. After processing, crude protein content improved by 11% after L-TF, and crude lipid content 25%after SK for CSM; crude protein content improved by 27% after S-TF and L-TF, and crude lipid content 13%after SK for GNM. Soaking and fermentation were shown to significantly increase essential amino acid contents by 44%(SK, methionine) in CSM and 46% in GNM(L-TF, histidine). Phosphorus content was reduced by 59% in CSM and 57% in GNM by L-TF. All processing techniques, with the exception of AC,reduced phytic acid and gossypol contents in CSM and GNM. It was concluded that SK and fermentation were simple, cost-effective, and efficient ways to improve the nutritional value of the selected oilseed byproducts.

关键词： Amino acid Autoclaving Fermentation Proximate composition Soaking

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Structural Response of Unreinforced Masonry Walls

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2016年第2期10卷 219-231页

作者： nelson Dario Aguera Miguel Eduardo Tomello Carlos daniel Frau Regional Centre Technology Development for Construction Seismology and Earthquake Engineering National TechnologicalUniversity Mendoza 5525 Argentina

Historical buildings located in seismic regions have URM （unreinforced masonry） walls of considerable width as their main structure. In order to study the structural response of such type of masonry, it is necessary to know its mechanical and elastic characteristics. For such purpose, it is generally necessary to perform destructive and non-destructive tests. Other procedures, such as the study of masonry through numerical models, would make it possible to predict, with close approximation, the response of masonry to different actions. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the behavior of URM walls subjected to axial and horizontal load by using a finite element model with the Abaqus code. Constitutive laws of materials, bricks and mortar are defined, using two constitutive models of plasticity and damage included in the materials library. The constitutive models used employ information of experimental tests performed on bricks and mortar. The results of an analysis for an URM wall subjected to axial and horizontal load are presented. Responses of walls were obtained in terms of load versus displacement for different constitutive models and for different qualities of bricks and mortar. The two constitutive models used show similar results, particularly in the response waveforms. However, the ultimate capacity values show mean variations of around 30%. The two constitutive models display high dependence upon the mechanical characteristics of bricks and mortar.

关键词： Masonry structural behavior piles.

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Retrieving Phenomenology： Introduction to the Special Theme

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2016年第3期11卷 329-337页

作者： Eric S. nelson Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Phenomenology ordinarily signifies the investigation （logos） of that which appears （phainomenon）. It is frequently understood, outside of phenomenology as a philosophical movement, to be experiential description from the first person perspective. Critics of phenomenology, including contemporary critics as diverse as daniel Dennett and John Searle, as well as speculative realism and object oriented ontology, construe it as being intrinsically subjective, idealistic, and trapped in the first-person point of view （Dennett 2003, 19-30; Searle 2008, 107-36; Sparrow 2014; Zahavi 289-309）.

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