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Evaluating and quantifying the effect of various spruce budworm intervention strategies on forest carbon dynamics in Atlantic Canada

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第4期9卷 547-557页

作者： Zelin liu Changhui Peng David AMaclean louis De Grandpre Jean-Noel Candau daniel Kneeshaw School of Geographic Sciences Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha410081China Department of Biological Sciences University of Qu�ebec at MontrealMontrealQC H3C 3P8Canada Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management University of New BrunswickFrederictonNB E3B 5A3Canada laurentian Forestry Centre Canadian Forest ServiceNatural Resources CanadaQC G1V 4C7Canada Great lake Forestry Centre Canadian Forest ServiceNatural Resources CanadaON P6A 2E5Canada

Spruce budworm (SBW) outbreaks are one of the most devastating natural disturbances in spruce-balsam fir forests of eastern North America. Both early intervention strategy (EIS) and foliage protection strategy (FP) are being tested to limit forest losses, but the quantitative impact on forest carbon (C) dynamics is still unclear. In this study, we designed 19 separate scenarios of no intervention or varying success of EIS, FP, and their combination on SBW caused defoliation and mortality. We then used the TRIPlEX-Insect model to quantify their effects on forest C dynamics in the forests of the four provinces of Atlantic Canada. A scenario applying FP to 10%of the area with the greatest potential C losses of living biomass, protecting foliage in 10%of the forests is more realistic than higher proportion of FP given the high cost and large areas involved, resulted in reducing average cumulative net ecosystem productivity (NEP) from 2020 to 2039 by 56%–127%compared to a no outbreak *** results showed that FP would have to be applied everywhere to reduce tree mortality and increase NEP more than 8 years of successful EIS applied. However, if EIS can be successfully implemented for 12 years, it will maintain more forest C than FP applied everywhere during a moderate outbreak. We also found that the combination of EIS followed by FP in 10%of the areas disturbed by the SBW could maintain average cumulative NEP at similar levels to no defoliation in every province of Atlantic Canada. Black/red spruce forests younger than 60years old underwent the smallest changes in C dynamics whether using EIS, FP, or both. This highlights the importance of forest species, forest age, and their interactions on the effectiveness of a treatment during SBW outbreak. Overall, 31%–76%of the study area in Atlantic Canada could convert from a C sink to a source by 2039,if no protective measures are used under the worst-case scenarios, thus contributing to future climate warming.

关键词： Annual defoliation Natural disturbance Forest protection Net ecosystem productivity TRIPlEX-Insect Conifers

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Main linac lattice design and optimization for E_(cm)=1 TeV ClIC

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Chinese Physics C 2014年第6期38卷 117-124页

作者：王毅伟 SCHUlTE daniel 高杰 Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences CERN Geneva Switzerland

The Compact linear Collider （ClIC） is a future e＋e linear collider. The ClIC study concentrated on a design of center-of-mass energy of 3 TeV and demonstrated the feasibility of the technology. However, the physics also demands lower energy collision. To satisfy this, ClIC can be built in stages. The actual stages will depend on lHC results. Some specific scenarios of staged constructions have been shown in ClIC Concept Design Report （CDR）. In this paper, we concentrate on the main linac lattice design for Ecm=l TeV ClIC aiming to upgrade from E~.,=500 GeV ClIC and then to Ecru=3 TeV one. This main linac accelerates the electron or positron beam froth 9 GeV to 500 GeV. A primary lattice design based on the 3 TeV ClIC main linac design and its optimization based on the beam dynamics study will be presented. As we use the same design principles as 3TeV ClIC main linac, this optimization is basically identical to the 3 TeV one. All the simulations results are obtained using the tracking code PlACET.

关键词： ClIC main linac lattice design beam dynamics

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Comparison of reduced point charge models of proteins: Molecular Dynamics simulations of Ubiquitin

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Science China Chemistry 2014年第10期57卷 1340-1354页

作者： lEHERTE laurence VERCAUTEREN daniel P. Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Informatique Namur MEdicine & Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC) Department of Chemistry University of Namur Rue de Bruxelles 61 B-5000 Namur Belgium

Reduced point charge models of amino acids are used to model Ubiquitin （PDB： 1UBQ）. They are designed （i） from local ex- tremum positions in charge density （CD） distribution functions built from the Poisson equation applied to smoothed molecular electrostatic potential functions, or （ii） from local maximum positions in promolecular electron density distribution （ED） func- tions. Charge values are fitted versus all-atom Amber99 molecular electrostatic potentials. The program GROMACS is used to generate molecular dynamics trajectories of the protein, under various implementation schemes, solvation, and temperature conditions. Point charges that are not located on atoms are considered as virtual sites with a null mass and radius. The results illustrate that secondary structure is best preserved with the CD-based model at low temperatures and in vacuum. This indi- cates that local potential energy wells are consistent with the all-atom model. However, at room temperature, the structure is best conserved when point charges are forced to be located on atoms, due to a better description of the Coulomb l-4 energy terms. The ED-based model, generated at a lower resolution, led to the largest discrepancies versus the all-atom case. The CD-based model allows the formation of protein-water H-bonds with geometrical properties similar to the all-atom ones. Con- trarily, intra-molecular H-bonds are not well described. Structural, thermodynamical, and dynamical properties of proteins modelled with reduced point charge models are also significantly affected by the choice of the solvent force field.

关键词： molecular electrostatic potential electron density smoothing of molecular fields critical points point charge model protein Ubiquitin

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Randomized controlled trials - mechanistic studies of testosterone and the cardiovascular system

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2018年第2期20卷 120-130页

作者： T Hugh Jones daniel M Kelly Robert Hague Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology Barnsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Barnsley UK Academic Unit of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Oncology and Metabolism University of Sheffield Medical School Sheffield UK Biomedical Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield UK

Testosterone deficiency is common in men with cardiovascular disease （CVD）, and randomized placebo-controlled trials （RCTs） have reported beneficial effects of testosterone therapy on exercise-induced cardiac ischemia in chronic stable angina, functional exercise capacity, maximum oxygen consumption during exercise （VO2m,x） and muscle strength in chronic heart failure （CHF）, shortening of the Q-T interval, and improvement of some cardiovascular risk factors. Testosterone deficiency is associated with an adverse CV risk profile and mortality. Clinical and scientific studies have provided mechanistic evidence to support and explain the findings of the RCTs. Testosterone is a rapid-onset arterial vasodilator within the coronary circulation and other vascular beds including the pulmonary vasculature and can reduce the overall peripheral systemic vascular resistance. Evidence has demonstrated that testosterone mediates this effect on vascular reactivity through calcium channel blockade （l-calcium channel） and stimulates potassium channel opening by direct nongenomic mechanisms. Testosterone also stimulates repolarization of cardiac myocytes by stimulating the ultra-rapid potassium channel-operated current. Testosterone improves cardiac output, functional exercise capacity, VO2m=x and vagally mediated arterial baroreceptor cardiac reflex sensitivity in CHF, and other mechanisms. Independent of the benefit of testosterone on cardiac function, testosterone substitution may also increase skeletal muscle glucose metabolism and enhance muscular strength, both factors that could contribute to the improvement in functional exercise capacity may include improved glucose metabolism and muscle strength. Testosterone improves metabolic CV risk factors including body composition, insulin resistance, and hypercholesterolemia by improving both glucose utilization and lipid metabolism by a combination of genomic and nongenomic actions of glucose uptake and utilization expression of the

关键词： cardiovascular testosterone testosterone replacement

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The role of l-arginine metabolism in neurocritical care patients

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第7期17卷 1446-1453页

作者： Marius Marc-daniel Mader Patrick Czorlich Department of Neurosurgery University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA

Nitric oxide is an important mediator of vascular autoregulation and is involved in pathophysiological changes after acute neurological *** oxide is generated by nitric oxide synthases from the amino acid l-arginine.l-arginine can also serve as a substrate for arginases or lead to the generation of dimethylarginines,asymmetric dimethylarginine,and symmetric dimethylarginine,by *** dimethylarginine is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase and can lead to endothelial *** review discusses the role of l-arginine metabolism in patients suffering from acute and critical neurological disorders often requiring neuro-intensive care *** addressed in this review include intracerebral hemorrhage,aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage,and traumatic brain *** therapeutic advances in the field are described including current randomized controlled trials for traumatic brain injuries and hemorrhagic stroke.

关键词： arginine brain injuries,traumatic cerebral hemorrhage dimethylarginine nitric oxide stroke subarachnoid hemorrhage

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High-throughput discovery of fluoride-ion conductors via a decoupled,dynamic,and iterative(DDI)framework

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 983-991页

作者： Jack D.Sundberg daniel l.Druffel lauren M.McRae Matthew G.lanetti Jacob T.Pawlik Scott C.Warren Department of Chemistry The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC27599United States

Fluoride–ion batteries are a promising alternative to lithium–ion batteries with higher theoretical capacities and working voltages,but they have experienced limited success due to the poor ionic conductivities of known electrolytes and ***,we report a high-throughput computational screening of 9747 fluoride-containing materials in search of fluoride-ion *** a combination of empirical,lightweight DFT,and nudged elastic band(NEB)calculations,we identified>10 crystal systems with high fluoride *** applied a search strategy where calculations are performed in any order(decoupled),computational resources are reassigned based on need(dynamic),and predictive models are repeatedly updated(iterative).Unlike hierarchical searches,our decoupled,dynamic,and iterative framework(DDI)began by calculating high-quality barrier heights for fluoride-ion mobility in a large and diverse group of *** high-quality dataset provided a benchmark against which a rapid calculation method could be *** accurate method was then used to measure the barrier heights for 6797 fluoride–ion *** final dataset has allowed us to discover many fascinating,high-performance conductors and to derive the design rules that govern their *** materials will accelerate experimental research into fluoride–ion batteries,while the design rules will provide an improved foundation for understanding ionic conduction.

关键词： fluoride dynamic repeatedly

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An evolutionary computational framework for capacity-safety trade-off in an air transportation network

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2019年第4期32卷 999-1010页

作者： Md.Murad HOSSAIN Sameer AlAM daniel DElAHAYE School of Engineering and Information Technology University of New South Wales School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University MAIAA laboratory Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile

Airspace safety and airport capacity are two key challenges to sustain the growth in Air Transportation. In this paper, we model the Air Transportation Network as two sub-networks of airspace and airports, such that the safety and capacity of the overall Air Transportation network emerge from the interaction between the two. We propose a safety-capacity trade-off approach,using a computational framework, where the two networks can inter-act and the trade-off between capacity and safety in an Air Transport Network can be established. The framework comprise of an evolutionary computation based air traffic scenario generation using a flow capacity estimation module(for capacity), Collision risk estimation module(for safety) and an air traffic simulation module(for evaluation). The proposed methodology to evolve air traffic scenarios such that it minimizes collision risk for given capacity estimation was tested on two different air transport network topologies(random and small-world) with the same number of airports. Experimental results indicate that though airspace collision risk increases almost linearly with the increasing flow(flow intensity) in the corresponding airport network, the critical flow depend on the underlying network configuration. It was also found that, in general, the capacity upper bound depends not only on the connectivity among airports and their individual performances but also the configuration of waypoints and mid-air interactions among conflicts. Results also show that airport network can accommodate more traffic in terms of capacity but the corresponding airspace network cannot accommodate the resulting traffic flow due to the bounds on collision risk.

关键词： Airport network Airspace capacity Airspace safety Collision risk Flow intensity

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Helicobacter pylori and autoimmune disease:Cause or bystander

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第3期20卷 613-629页

作者： daniel S Smyk Andreas l Koutsoumpas Maria G Myt-ilinaiou Eirini I Rigopoulou lazaros I Sakkas Dimitrios P Bogdanos Institute of liver Studies Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal BiologyKing's College HospitalSchool of MedicineKing's College London Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of Thessaly Department of Rheumatology Faculty of MedicineSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of Thessaly Cellular Immunotherapy and Molecular Immunodiagnostics Biomedical SectionCEntre for REsearch and TEchnology Hellas (CE.R.T.H.)/Institute for REsearch and Technology-THessaly (I.RE.TE.TH)

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the main cause of chronic gastritis and a major risk factor for gastric cancer. This pathogen has also been considered a potential trigger of gastric autoimmunity, and in particular of autoimmune gastritis. However, a considerable number of reports have attempted to link H. pylori infection with the development of extra-gastrointestinal autoimmune disorders, affecting organs not immediately relevant to the stomach. This review discusses the current evidence in support or against the role of H. pylori as a potential trigger of autoimmune rheumatic and skin diseases, as well as organ specific autoimmune diseases. We discuss epidemiological, serological, immunological and experimental evidence associating this pathogen with autoimmune diseases. Although over one hundred autoimmune diseases have been investigated in relation to H. pylori, we discuss a select number of papers with a larger literature base, and include Sjögrens syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitides, autoimmune skin conditions, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune thyroid disease, multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica and autoimmune liver diseases. Specific mention is given to those studies reporting an association of anti-H. pylori antibodies with the presence of autoimmune disease-specific clinical parameters, as well as those failing to find such associations. We also provide helpful hints for future research.

关键词： Autoimmunity Helicobacter pylori Infection Gastritis Mimicry Rheumatology

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Ultrathin Acoustic Parity-Time Symmetric Metasurface Cloak

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Research 2019年第1期2019卷 671-677页

作者： Hao-xiang li Mar-a Rosendo-lópez Yi-fan Zhu Xu-dong Fan daniel Torrent Bin liang Jian-chun Cheng Johan Christensen Key laboratory of Modern Acoustics MOEInstitute of AcousticsDepartment of PhysicsCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Department of Physics Universidad Carlos III de Madrid28916 LeganesMadridSpain GROC UJIInstitut de Noves Tecnologies de la Imatge(INIT)Universitat Jaume I12080 Castell`eSpain

Invisibility or unhearability cloaks have been made possible by using metamaterials enabling light or sound to fow around obstacle without the trace of refections or *** are known for being fexible building units that can mimic a host of unusual and extreme material responses,which are essential when engineering artifcial material properties to realize a coordinate transforming *** and stretching the coordinate grid in space require stringent material parameters;therefore,small inaccuracies and inevitable material losses become sources for unwanted scattering that are decremental to the desired *** obstacles further limit the possibility of achieving a robust concealment of sizeable objects from either radar or sonar *** using an elaborate arrangement of gain and lossy acoustic media respecting parity-time symmetry,we built a one-way unhearability cloak able to hide objects seven times larger than the acoustic *** speaking,our approach has no limits in terms of working frequency,shape,or size,specifcally though we demonstrate how,in principle,an object of the size of a human can be hidden from audible sound.

关键词： coordinate stretching arrangement

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Coating independent cytotoxicity of citrate-and PEG-coated silver nanoparticles on a human hepatoma cell line

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第1期29卷 191-201页

作者： Veronica Bastos Jose M.P.Ferreira-de-Oliveira Joana Carrola Ana l.daniel-da-Silva Iola F.Duarte Conceicao Santos Helena Oliveira CESAM&laboratory of Biotechnology and Cytomics Department of BiologyUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of ChemistryUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Department of Biology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Porto4169-007 PortoPortugal

The antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles（AgNPs） resulted in their increasing incorporation into consumer,industrial and biomedical ***,human and environmental exposure to AgNPs（either as an engineered product or a contaminant）supports the emergent research on the features conferring them different toxicity *** this study,30 ran AgNPs coated with citrate or poly（ethylene glycol）（PEG） were used to assess the influence of coating on the effects produced on a human hepatoma cell line（HepG2）,namely in terms of viability,apoptosis,apoptotic related genes,cell cycle and cyclins gene *** types of coated AgNPs decreased cell proliferation and viability with a similar toxicity *** the concentrations used（11 and 5 μg/ml corresponding to IC50 and-IC10 levels,respectively） the amount of cells undergoing apoptosis was not significant and the apoptotic related genes BCl2（anti-apoptotic gene）and BAX（pro-apoptotic gene） were both ***,both AgNPs affected HepG2 cell cycle progression at the higher concentration（11 μg/ml） by increasing the percentage of cells in S（synthesis phase） and G2（Gap 2 phase） *** the cell-cycle related genes,the expression of cyclin B1 and cyclin E1 genes were ***,this work has shown that citrate- and PEG-coated AgNPs impact on HepG2 apoptotic gene expression,cell cycle dynamics and cyclin regulation in a similar *** research is needed to determine the properties that confer AgNPs at lower toxicity,since their use has proved helpful in several industrial and biomedical contexts.

关键词： Silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) Citrate Polyethylene glycol)(PEG) HepG2 cells Cytotoxicity Nanotoxicology

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