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Design of an Evacuation Demand Forecasting Module for Hurricane Planning Applications

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j.urnal of Transportation Technologies 2016年第5期6卷 257-276页

作者： Gary P. Moynihan daniel j. fonseca Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL USA

This paper discusses the development and implementation of an evacuation demand forecasting module that was incorporated into a comprehensive decision support system for the planning and management of contraflow operations in the Gulf of Mexico. Contraflow implies the reversing of one direction of a highway in order to permit a substantially increased travel demand exiting away from an area impacted by a natural disaster or any other type of catastrophic event. Correctly estimating the evacuation demand originated from such a catastrophic event is critical to a successful contraflow implementation. One problem faced by transportation officials is the arranging of the different stages of this complex traffic procedure. Both the prompt deployment of resources and personnel as well as the duration of the actual contraflow affect the overall effectiveness, safety and cost of the evacuation event. During this proj.ct, researchers from the University of Alabama developed an integral decision support system for contraflow evacuation planning to assist the Alabama Department of Transportation Maintenance Bureau in the evaluation and planning of contraflow operations oriented to mitigate the evacuation burdens of a hurricane event. This paper focuses on the design of the demand forecasting module of such a decision support system.

关键词： Hurricane Evacuation Road Capacity Demand Forecasting Decision Support System

Laser cut hole matrices in novel armour plate steel for appliqué battlefield vehicle protection

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第5期12卷 351-359页

作者： daniel j. THOMAS Engineering Manufacturing Centre College of Engineering Swansea University Swansea UK

During this research, experimental rolled homogeneous armour steel was cast, annealed and laser cut to form an appliqué plate. This Martensitic–Bainitic microstructure steel grade was used to test a novel means of engineering lightweight armour. It was determined that a laser cutting speed of 1200 mm/min produced optimum hole formations with limited distortion. The array of holes acts as a double-edged solution, in that they provide weight saving of 45%, providing a protective advantage and increasing the surface area. Data collected were used to generate laser cut-edge hole proj.ctions in order to identify the optimum cutting speed, edge condition, cost and deformation performance. These parameters resulted in the generation of a surface, with less stress raising features. This can result in a distribution of stress across the wider surface. Provided that appropriate process parameters are used to generate laser cut edges, then the hardness properties of the surface can be controlled. This is due to compressive residual stresses produced in the near edge region as a result of metallurgical transformations. This way the traverse cutting speed parameter can be adj.sted to alter critical surface characteristics and microstructural properties in close proximity to the cut-edge. A relationship was identified between the width of the laser HAZ and the hardness of the cut edge. It is the thickness of the HAZ that is affected by the laser process parameters which can be manipulated with adj.sting the traverse cutting speed.

关键词： Armour steels Defence systems Steel processing Armour engineering

Design of synthetic materials for intracellular delivery of RNAs： From siRNA-mediated gene silencing to CRISPR/Cas gene editing

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Nano Research 2018年第10期11卷 5310-5337页

作者： j.son B. Miller daniel j. Siegwart Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 75390 USA Department of Biochemistry University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX 75390 USA

Ribonucleic acids （RNAs） possess great therapeutic potential and can be used to treat a variety of diseases. The unique biophysical properties of RNAs, such as high molecular weight, negative charge, hydrophilicity, low stability, and potential immunogenicity, require chemical modification and development of carriers to enable intracellular delivery of RNAs for clinical use. A variety of nanornaterials have been developed for the effective in vivo delivery of short/ small RNAs, messenger RNAs, and RNAs required for gene editing technologies including clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat （CRISPR）/Cas. This review outlines the challenges of delivering RNA therapeutics, explores the chemical synthesis of RNA modifications and carriers, and describes the efforts to design nanomaterials that can be used for a variety of clinical indications.

关键词： nucleic acid therapeutics nanoparticles synthetic nanomaterials RNA interference (RNAi) messenger RNA (mRNA) clustered regularly inter-spaced palindromic repeat(CRISPR)/Cas

Periodic Orbits in Rotating Second Degree and Order Gravity Fields

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Chinese j.urnal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2008年第1期8卷 108-118页

作者： Wei-Duo Hu daniel j. Scheeres School of Astronautics BeiHang University Beijing 100083 Department of Aerospace Engineering The University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI48109 USA

Periodic orbits in an arbitrary 2nd degree and order uniformly rotating gravity field are studied. We investigate the four equilibrium points in this gravity field. We see that close relation exists between the stability of these equilibria and the existence and stability of their nearby periodic orbits. We check the periodic orbits with non-zero periods. In our searching procedure for these periodic orbits, we remove the two unity eigenvalues from the state transition matrix to find a robust, non-singular linear map to solve for the periodic orbits. The algorithm converges well, especially for stable periodic orbits. Using the searching procedure, which is relatively automatic, we find five basic families of periodic orbits in the rotating second degree and order gravity field for planar motion, and discuss their existence and stability at different central body rotation rates.

关键词： celestial / orbital mechanics - asteroid - periodic orbit - resonance

RULEMAKING POSSIBILITIES： EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES j.DICIAL CONFERENCE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON EVIDENCE RULES TO ADDRESS THE CHALLENGES TO FORENSIC EXPERT TESTIMONY

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2018年第1期13卷 34-42页

作者： daniel j. Capra School of Law University of California Berkeley USA Reed Professor School of Law Fordharn University New York 10023 USA

This piece is an echo to one of the main subj.cts of the Sixth International Conference on Evidence Law and Forensic Science which is to determine what evidentiary reforms are necessary for regulating forensic expert testimony, and how those reforms might be implemented. In United States, the predominant way of evidentiary reform is through rulemaking. As the Reporter of j.dicial Conference Advisory Committee on the Federal Rules of Evidence since 1996, the author, with a pragmatic spirit throughout the article, examines such an effort at the federal level of U.S. in six parts （levels）, starting from the most general, abstract level till fmishing with the most detailed and substantive points. Part I begins with a brief introduction of the hierarchies of evidentiary rulemaking authorities at the federal level of the United States, various interested groups and their interesting interactions in the rulemaking process. The author then shifts to the general topic of writing rules with a specific focus on the level of detail that is to be provided in doing so; Part II further narrows down the scrutiny into writing a rule on forensic expert testimony with an emphasis on the necessity of making such a rule change to the current general standards of FRE; Part III directly addresses the challenges of drafting a rule on forensic evidence in FRE, including a comparation of various alternative drafting models; Part IV and Part V respectively discusses the Reporter＇s comments and the j.stice Department＇s concerns over the drafted rules; and Part VI briefly discusses the feasibility and effectiveness of a Best Practices Manual on forensic evidence in lieu of rulemaking.

关键词： forensics rulemaking reliability expert

Duration and intensity of rainfall events with the same erosivity change sediment yield and runoff rates

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第1期9卷 69-75页

作者： Wilk Sampaio de Almeida Steffen Seitz Luiz Fernando Coutinho de Oliveira daniel fonseca de Carvalho Agronomy Department Federal Institute of EducationScience and Technology of RondôniaCampus AriquemesRO 257km 13AriquemesRO76870-000Brazil Department of Geosciences University of TübingenTübingenGermany Federal University of Lavras Department of Water Resources and Sanitation37200-000LavrasMGBrazil Federal Rural University of Rio de j.neiro Engineering DepartmentBR 465km 723897-000SeropédicaRJBrazil

The effect of different rainfall patterns on surface runoff,infiltration and thus soil losses and sediment concentrations are still in the focus of current *** most simulated rainfall experiments,pre-cipitation is applied at a fixed intensity for a fixed ***,the impact of rainfall patterns on soil erosion processes may be different varying the rainfall duration and intensity that produces an event with similar rainfall erosivity ***-five rainfall events were applied on micro-scale runoff plots in a soil covered with corn straw to evaluate the sediment yield and runoff *** different rainfall types were composed by association of duration(Dur)and intensity(IP)with the same erosivity *** Dur varied from 38 to 106 min and the IP varied from 75.0 to 44.6 mm h^(-1).The sediment yield varied from 1.89±1.26 g m^(-2) to 4.02±2.66 g m^(-2) and runoff ranged from 16.9±8.74 mm to 32.63±10.67 mm with highest rates occurring with high intensity and low *** highest rainfall intensity provides the maximum sediment yield(0.138 g m^(-2) min^(-1))and runoff rates(0.87 mm min^(-1)).The time to start surface runoff varied from 14 to 19.2 min and it was longer in treatments with longer durations and low precipitation *** difference was found in the amount of sediments applying rain with the same erosivity and different associations of duration and ***,the intensity and duration of the rain,with the same erosivity,altered the amount and time of *** rainfall experiments with con-stant intensity and fixed time,the erosion rates depend on the duration of the applied ***,the results of this study can contribute to the development of new perspectives in the design of water erosion experiments with simulated rain considering the duration,intensity and also the association of these variables to produce rainfall that delivery the same soil erosion capacity.

关键词： Simulated rainfall Rainfall pattern Water erosion Soil loss

Soil loss and runoff obtained with customized precipitation patterns simulated by InfiAsper

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第3期10卷 407-413页

作者： daniel fonseca de Carvalho Pietro Menezes Sanchez Macedo Marinaldo Ferreira Pinto Wilk Sampaio de Almeida Nivaldo Schultz Department of Engineering Institute of TechnologyFederal Rural University of Rio de JaneiroSeropedicaRio de JaneiroBrazil Postgraduate Program in Agronomy-Soil Sciences Federal Rural University of Rio de JaneiroSeropedicaRio de JaneiroBrazil Agronomy Department Federal Institute of EducationScience and Technology of RondoniaCampus AriquemesRO 257Km 13AriquemesRO76870-000Brazil Department of Soil Science Institute of AgronomyFederal Rural University of Rio de JaneiroSeropedicaRJBrazil

Applying constant precipitation intensity,which does not occur in natural events,is one of the main limitations concerning rainfall simulators in soil erosion *** present work evaluated the InfiAsper rainfall simulator operating with a new control panel to program rainfalls with different precipitation intensities(PI).Infiltration rates and soil and water losses were evaluated in a Distrophic Acrisol(clay loam texture)with simulated rainfalls of 30 mm and duration of 40 min,considering advanced(AD),intermediate(IN),delayed(DE),and inverted intermediate(II)patterns,all with PI peaks of 110 mm h^(-1),and a constant(CT)*** experimental design was in randomized blocks with five treatments(rainfall patterns)and experimental units measuring 2.5×2.5 *** simulator worked satisfactorily,applying the rainfall according to the preconfigured *** simulated rainfall with the CT and II patterns did not promote runoff nor soil *** and runoff rates varied according to the applied rainfall pattern,reaching 97.8 and 27.3 mm h^(-1)(AD),82.1 and 39.5 mm h^(-1)(IN),and 76.2 and 49.7 mm h^(-1)(DE),*** loss and surface runoff totaled each 4.77 g m^(-2)and 3.9 mm(AD),6.70 g m^(-2)and 6.8 mm(IN),and 6.03 g m^(-2)and 7.0 mm(DE).The InfiAsper simulator modified enables varying precipitation intensity besides obtaining satisfactory results in the field and information consistent with the expected characteristics of natural rainfall *** the intermediate and delayed rainfall patterns,soil and water losses are higher than in the advanced.

关键词： Water erosion Rainfall simulator Precipitation intensity

Control of inherited structural fabric on the development and exhumation of passive margins-Insights from the AraçuaíOrogen(Brazil)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 30-48页

作者： Ana fonseca Tiago Novo Tobias Fonte-Boa Matheus Kuchenbecker daniel Galvão Carnier Fragoso daniel Peifer Antônio Carlos Pedrosa-Soares j.han De Grave Laboratory for Mineralogy and Petrology Department of GeologyGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281 S89000 GhentBelgium Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Programa de Pós-Graduação em GeologiaCPMTC-IGCCampus PampulhaBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Centro de Pesquisas Professor Manoel Teixeira da Costa Instituto de GeociênciasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil Universidade Federal dos Vales do j.quitinhonha e Mucuri Instituto de Ciência e TecnologiaCentro de Estudos em GeociênciasLaboratório de Estudos TectônicosDiamantinaBrazil Petrobras Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Instituto de Geociências Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRSBrazil Department of Geosciences University of TübingenSchnarrenbergstr.94-9672076 TübingenGermany

The AraçuaíOrogen,in eastern Brazil,was formed during the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian amalgamation of West *** the Mesozoic–Cenozoic opening of the South Atlantic Ocean,and the associated divergent tectonics,the orogen developed as basement to the passive margin of South America and was progressively covered by thick offshore sedimentary basins,particularly the Espírito Santo,Mucuri,and Cumuruxatiba basins,in which hydrocarbon systems have been *** understanding of the AraçuaíOrogen’s passive margin evolution,erosion,and sediment transfer to these basins ultimately depends on constraining the onshore exhumation in response to Mesozoic–Cenozoic ***,new and previously published data from apatite fission-track(AFT)analyses and inverse thermal history modelling of(Pre)Cambrian basement rocks from the AraçuaíOrogen resolve three discrete basement cooling and associated erosional exhumation *** the Pre-Rift phase,j.rassic–Hauterivian erosion of the AraçuaíOrogen is most likely related to the adj.ining intra-continental West Gondwana flexural subsidence,which increased hillslope and river erosion *** the Rift and Transitional phases,Barremian–Albian accelerated phase of erosion is associated with the uplift of the Atlantic rift shoulders and the establishment of an oceanic *** the Drift phase,reactivations in response to far-field stresses likely triggered a Late Cretaceous–Paleocene rapid erosion *** rates at which these events unfolded vary spatially and are controlled by inherited *** AraçuaíOrogen experienced slower denudation rates in areas closer to the São Francisco Craton,which suggests that the tectonic reactivation and related surface uplift during the Mesozoic–Cenozoic is in first-order controlled by lithospheric ***,the structural framework of the Paramirim and Pirapora aulacogens and NE-oriented shear zones in the orogen’s southeast facilitated later *** the spati

关键词： Thermal history Denudation Tectonic inheritance Reactivations South Atlantic Hydrocarbons

Towards maximized utilization of iridium for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction

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Nano Research 2019年第9期12卷 2275-2280页

作者： Marc Ledendecker Simon Geiger Katharina Hengge j.ohyun Lim Serhiy Cherevko Andrea M. Mingers daniel Gohl Guilherme V. Fortunato daniel j.lalpoor Ferdi Schuth Christina Scheu Karl j. j. Mayrhofer Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering Nanoanalytics and Interfaces Max-Planck-Institut fur Eisenforschung GmbH40237 DusseldorfGermany Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis Max-Planck-Institut fur KohlenforschungKaiser- Wilhelm-Platz 145470 Mulheim an der RuhrGermany Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nurnbergfar Renewable Energy (IEK-11) Forschungszentrum Jillich91058 ErlangenGermany Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Friedrich-Alexander- Universitat Erlangen -Nurnberg91058 ErlangenGermany Institute of Chemistry Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulAv. Senador Filin to Muller1555Campo GrandeMS 79074-460Brazil

The reduction in noble metal content for efficient oxygen evolution catalysis is a crucial aspect towards the large scale commercialisation of polymer electrolyte membrane *** catalytic stability and activity are inversely related,long service lifetime still demands large amounts of low-abundant and expensive *** this manuscript we elaborate on the concept of maximizing the utilisation of iridium for the oxygen evolution *** combining different tin oxide based support materials with liquid atomic layer deposition of iridium oxide,new possibilities are opened up to grow thin layers of iridium oxide with tuneable noble metal ***-situ,time-and potential-resolved dissolution experiments reveal how the stability of the substrate and the catalyst layer thickness directly affect the activity and stability of deposited iridium *** on our results,we elaborate on strategies how to obtain stable and active catalysts with maximized iridium utilisation for the oxygen evolution reaction and demonstrate how the activity and durability can be tailored *** results highlight the potential of utilizing thin noble metal films with earth abundant *** for future catalytic applications in the energy sector.

关键词： oxygen evolution reaction liquid atomic layer depositi on catalysis iridium core-shell nano particles