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Insights into the characteristics of corrosion products formed on the contact and exposed regions of C1045 steel bolt and nut fasteners exposed to aqueous chloride environments

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第4期135卷 250-264页

作者： Enobong felix daniel Chao Li Changgang Wang Junhua Dong Inime Ime Udoh Peter Chukwuemeka Okafor Dongjiu Zhang Wenan Zhong Sheng Zhong School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shenyang Ligong UniversityShenyang 110159China Corrosion and Electrochemistry unit Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of CalabarP.M.B 1115 CalabarCross River StateNigeria Key Laboratory of Space Launching Site Reliability Xichang Satellite Launch CenterHainan Haikou 571126China

This study investigated the characteristics of corrosion products formed on the contact and exposed re-gions of C1045 steel bolt and nut fasteners exposed to aqueous chloride *** corroded sur-face morphology,rust compositions,and corrosion kinetics of the bolt specimen were studied by visual observation,optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-Ray diffractometry(XRD),micro-Raman,electron probe micro-analyser(EPMA),and potentiodynamic polarization ***-sults obtained showed a variation in corrosion kinetics,morphology,and composition of the rust layer which were driven by differential aeration and concentration *** to the availability of sufficient dissolved oxygen,the oxyhydroxide compound,lepidocrocite(γ-FeOOH)was detected in the outer rust layer in the exposed region,whereas the inner rust layer was composed of magnetite(Fe_(3)O_(4)).How-ever,the oxygen-deficient contact surface revealed the presence of akaganeite(β-FeOOH)and magnetite(Fe_(3)O_(4))as dominant oxide *** most stable phase,goethite(α-FeOOH)was also detected in the rust formed in both regions,though in significantly low ***,owing to variation in environmental conditions,the amount and density of the rust layer varied in the different *** estimated corrosion stability values for the different regions revealed that the corrosion products formed on the steel surfaces were non-protective,suggesting the need for specific surface treatment as a protec-tive measure.

关键词： Carbon steel Bolt-nut fastener Raman SEM-EDS XRD Rust characterization

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Corrosion Behaviour of Carbon Steel Fasteners in Neutral Chloride Solution

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2022年第4期35卷 563-576页

作者： Enobong felix daniel Junhua Dong Xiaofang Li Ini-Ibehe Nabuk Etim Inime Ime Udoh Rongyao Ma Lei Chen Changgang Wang Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shenyang Ligong UniversityShenyang 110159China Department of Marine Biology Akwa Ibom State UniversityP.M.B 1167UyoNigeria

An experimental model for simulating the corrosion of carbon steel fasteners(bolt and nut) composed of a contact carbon steel electrode(CCSE) and an exposed bare carbon steel plate electrode(BCSE) was designed. The effect of coupling on the corrosion process of the galvanically coupled carbon steel electrode was evaluated and compared with the self-corrosion process observed independently at the exposed and contact regions. Results obtained indicated that at an equal area ratio and uncoupled conditions, the corrosion rate is accelerated in the surface directly exposed to bulk solution compared to the bolt surface in contact with the nut. A coupling current was recorded when the exposed surface(BCSE) was electrically connected with the contact surface(CCSE);with the CCSE acting as the anode thereby suppressing the corrosion process in the exposed surface. By implication, the galvanic coupling between CCSE and BCSE increased the corrosion rate of CCSE. The diff erence in oxygen supply was responsible for the coupling effect observed in the system as there was no decrease in the solution pH. Moreover, varying the cathode-to-anode area( S c/S a) ratio significantly influenced the corrosion current density as increased S c/S a ratio resulted in an accelerated galvanic corrosion process. The corroded surfaces and interfaces were analysed using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diff ractometry was adopted for corrosion product characterization. The results obtained showed supportive evidence of the corrosion behaviour in carbon steel fasteners.

关键词： Bolt and nut Galvanic current density Zero resistance ammetry(ZRA) Coupling potential Differential aeration cell Carbon steel fasteners

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Transformation of erythromycin during secondary effluent soil aquifer recharging:Removal contribution and degradation path

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第1期29卷 173-180页

作者： Liangliang Wei Kena Qin Ningbo Zhao daniel R.Noguera Wei Qiu Qingliang Zhao Xiangjuan Kong Weixian Zhang felix Tetteh Kabutey School of Municipal&Environmental Engineering State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment(SKLUWRE)Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China Department of-Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Center of Science&Technology of Construction of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development of P.R.China Beijing 100835China

Erythromycin（ERY）,a widely used antibiotic,has recently been detected in municipal secondary effluents and poses serious threats to human health during wastewater *** this study,the removal,fate,and degradation pathway of ERY in secondary effluent during soil aquifer treatment was evaluated via laboratory-scale SAT *** to a 92.9%reduction of ERY in synthetic secondary effluent was observed in 1.0 m depth column system,which decreased to 64.7%when recharged with wastewater treatment plant secondary ***-fractionation results demonstrated that the transphilic acid and hydrophobic acid fractions in secondary effluent compete for the adsorption sites of the packed soil and lead to a declined ERY ***,aerobic biodegradation was the predominant role for ERY removal,contributing more than 60%reduction of ERY when recharged with synthetic secondary *** of 14-member macrocyclic lactone ring and breakdown of two cyclic sugars（L-cladinose and D-desosamine） were main removal pathways for ERY degradation,and produced six new intermediates.

关键词： Erythromycin Soil aquifer treatment Fate Degradation pathway DOM

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海洋环境中碳钢和不锈钢螺栓紧固件的腐蚀机制差异研究

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中国腐蚀与防护学报 2023年第4期43卷 737-745页

作者：王长罡 Enobong felix daniel 李超董俊华杨华张东玖中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心沈阳110016 西昌卫星发射中心航天发射场可靠性技术重点实验室海口571126

通过对碳钢和不锈钢紧固件在海洋环境中的腐蚀特征、腐蚀产物和电偶极化等内容的比较性研究,提出了两种不同的腐蚀机制。对于碳钢紧固件,锈层增加了额外的IR降,削弱了阴极区对阳极缝隙区的极化作用,供氧的差异导致螺纹曝露部位的腐蚀更... 详细信息

通过对碳钢和不锈钢紧固件在海洋环境中的腐蚀特征、腐蚀产物和电偶极化等内容的比较性研究,提出了两种不同的腐蚀机制。对于碳钢紧固件,锈层增加了额外的IR降,削弱了阴极区对阳极缝隙区的极化作用,供氧的差异导致螺纹曝露部位的腐蚀更为严重,腐蚀形式以均匀腐蚀为主。对于不锈钢紧固件,缺氧的环境导致螺纹缝隙部位的钝化膜性能劣化,螺杆曝露区对螺纹缝隙区的电偶极化作用促使缝隙区腐蚀更为严重,腐蚀形式以点蚀为主。针对碳钢和不锈钢紧固件在海洋环境中的不同腐蚀机制,提出了差异化的腐蚀防护技术思路。

关键词：螺栓紧固件碳钢不锈钢电偶腐蚀缝隙腐蚀

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Ecotoxicological Dynamics of the Coastal Soil Ecosystem of Oil Producing Regions of Ondo State, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Ecology 2018年第4期8卷 250-269页

作者： Adenike A. Akinsemolu felix A. Akinyosoye daniel J. Arotupin Department of Microbiology Federal University of Technology Akure Ondo State Nigeria The Green Institute Ondo Ondo State Nigeria

The industrial revolution marked the beginning of unprecedented anthropogenic growth and technological advancement that also inadvertently led to acute environmental degradation. This technological advancement was driven by the use fossil fuels such as crude oil. Crude oil extraction through drilling has resulted in widespread environmental pollution and deterioration of natural habitats. The Ondo State region in Nigeria presents one such expanse where large scale crude extraction operations have caused hazardous environmental pollution and toxic substance contamination. This study is a comprehensive and holistic study of the terrestrial soil ecosystem aimed towards elucidating the potential ecotoxicity that may have adversely affected the area. The results indicated that the terrestrial soil ecosystem was largely acidic (~pH6) and the organic matter content ranged from 6% to 12% indicating the soil was hydric. The results also indicated that the terrestrial soil environment was contaminated with toxic heavy metals including cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As). The toxic heavy metal concentration of the soil ecosystem was higher during the dry season. The Cr concentration in the soil samples was >3 ppm in most of the sampling sites, which exceeded WHO maximum permissible limit. Mean concentrations of the heavy metals in the soil samples in both seasons were of the order: Cr > Pb > Cd > As. The soil ecosystem was also characterized by a diverse and large population of microorganisms including bacteria like Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, and several species of fungi.

关键词： Anthropogenic Growth Crude Oil Extraction Ecotoxicity Toxic Heavy Metals Ilaje

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Effects of Climate Change on Marine Organisms

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American Journal of Climate Change 2020年第3期9卷 204-216页

作者： daniel Assan felix K. A. Kuebutornye Umar Farouk Mustapha Huapu Chen Guangli Li Guangdong Research Center on Reproductive Control and Breeding Technology of Indigenous Valuable Fish Species Zhanjiang China Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Aquaculture Environment of Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes Zhanjiang China Fisheries College Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang China Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals Zhanjiang China

Global warming has become a global challenge having dire consequences on different aspects of the environment due to the melting of glaciers, excess carbon dioxide (CO2), and excess warming of water bodies among others. At a faster pace recently, climate change is affecting the marine environment, causing numerous alterations. Here, we address its consequences and the numerous alterations, which are more vital for researchers and global agencies to advocate more on why it’s essential to lessen the impact of climate change. Our review showed that the impacts of climate change are articulated at several stages of the marine ecosystem where it affects the inhabitants and their habitats. In response to climate change (ocean warming) marine species shift their latitudinal range to find suitable conditions leading to the redistribution of species. In addition, we found that growth reduction, sub-optimal behaviors, and reduced immune-competence of marine organisms, are as a result of thermal stress due to climate change. Also, the periodic changes in temperature above or below the optimum have a meditative reproductive effect on marine species, including fish. Finally, we discovered that due to higher water temperatures, several diseases showcase greater virulence in the sense that the marine species become less resistant to these diseases due to stress, increased virulence stimuli, or increased transmission.

关键词： Aquatic Climate Change Fisheries Marine Organisms Physiology

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Impacts of Recent Infection Testing Integration into HIV Surveillance in Ekiti State, South West Nigeria: A Retrospective Cross Sectional Study

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World Journal of AIDS 2022年第4期12卷 183-193页

作者： daniel Chinenyeike Offie Leo Akpan felix Okoh Owolagba Femi Ofuche Eke Michael Tomori Abimbola O. Ariyo Christopher Omisakin APIN Public Health Initiatives Ado Ekiti Nigeria Federal Teaching Hospital Ido Ekiti Ido Ekiti Nigeria

Background: Timely detection of recent HIV infections is critical in achieving the HIV epidemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of integrating the Recent Infection Testing Algorithm in HIV surveillance in Ekiti State, South West Nigeria. Method: Data from the Nigeria Medical Records System (NMRS)/National Data Repository (NDR) and Index Testing (IT) Services data capturing tools were abstracted for a retrospective cross-sectional study of 719 newly diagnosed HIV-positive cases who were screened for HIV incident infection using Asante rapid recency test kits between August 2020 and June 2022 at 5 selected recency testing health facilities. The venous blood (10 ml) of all the rapid Asante tested recent patients were collected into an EDTA tube and processed for viral load testing. The plasma level of HIV-1 RNA was quantified using the CAP/CTM and cobas 4800 platform at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital PCR Laboratory Ife. Chi-square was used to characterize the recency status of the patients. A measure of the association was done using Chi-square, while the p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The median age of the participants was 39 years. The result from the study showed that of the total number of 719 new cases of diagnosed HIV-positive, 626 of them were screened for rapid Test for Recency infection (RTRI) (87%). Overall, we found that 1.8% (11/626) of clients were classified as recent. The investigation also showed that from the index cases of the 11 confirmed recent infections, a total number of 125 additional positive cases were found. Conclusion: This result indicated a rise in the number of cases discovered in the State. Therefore, incorporating recency testing within regular HIV testing programs becomes essential in order to prioritize clients for index testing and provide useful information on transmission clusters.

关键词： Impacts Recent Testing HIV Surveillance

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Full-field interferometric imaging of propagating action potentials

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 51-61页

作者： Tong Ling Kevin C.Boyle Georges Goetz Peng Zhou Yi Quan felix S.Alfonso Tiffany W.Huang daniel Palanker Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Department of Ophthalmology Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology Howard Hughes Medical InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Department of Chemistry Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

Currently,cellular action potentials are detected using either electrical recordings or exogenous fluorescent probes that sense the calcium concentration or transmembrane *** imaging has a low temporal resolution,while voltage indicators are vulnerable to phototoxicity,photobleaching,and ***,we report full-field interferometric imaging of individual action potentials by detecting movement across the entire cell *** spike-triggered averaging of movies synchronized with electrical recordings,we demonstrate deformations up to 3 nm(0.9 mrad)during the action potential in spiking HEK-293 cells,with a rise time of *** time course of the optically recorded spikes matches the electrical *** the shot noise limit of the camera(~2 mrad/pix)precludes detection of the action potential in a single frame,for all-optical spike detection,images are acquired at 50 kHz,and 50 frames are binned into 1 ms steps to achieve a sensitivity of 0.3 mrad in a single *** a selfreinforcing sensitivity enhancement algorithm based on iteratively expanding the region of interest for spatial averaging,individual spikes can be detected by matching the previously extracted template of the action potential with the optical *** allows all-optical full-field imaging of the propagating action potentials without exogeneous labels or electrodes.

关键词： action averaging recording

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北京城市图书馆,北京,中国

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世界建筑 2024年第5期 88-93页

作者：无 Robert Greenwood Patrick Lüth Thomas Tait felix Perasso daniel Berlin 刘欣华乔伟胡晓晨陈亦文 Christian Hämmerle Cheng Gong Thomas Niederberger Matthias Schenk Stian Holte Peter French Yang Du Anne Camilla Luca Bargagli 杨之赟杨雪珂王浩宇章晓高欣妍王严锋葛亮刘明国于琦李进军纵斌左鑫沈冬冬任兵唐宇曾轩蒋飞许士杰袁璐毛佳依田建强韩翌文勇谢东李浩王岩张金赫李致远周晓雯徐静雯王怡茜李岩刘杨杨赟田学艺沈剑逸杨志刚夏媛邓怡情 SnФhetta建筑事务所华东建筑设计研究院有限公司不详

北京城市图书馆打造了一片既现代又经典永恒的天地,为北京丰富的文化和知识氛围提供了一处集学习、知识共享和社交等功能为一体的综合场所。在数字时代重塑图书馆的重要性为了让图书馆在21世纪重新焕发活力,设计师们对图书馆的外观、运... 详细信息

北京城市图书馆打造了一片既现代又经典永恒的天地,为北京丰富的文化和知识氛围提供了一处集学习、知识共享和社交等功能为一体的综合场所。在数字时代重塑图书馆的重要性为了让图书馆在21世纪重新焕发活力,设计师们对图书馆的外观、运行方式以及服务社区的方式提出了新的设想。为了重塑图书馆作为公共与知识生活重要支柱的作用,而不仅仅只是一座藏书楼,设计师将该建筑定位成学习、文化和社区中心。北京城市图书馆汲取了图书馆为满足其时代和地方需求而寻找创新对策的历史渊源,将开放式的思想交流和人际对话作为其核心宗旨。馆内还为展览、表演、会议和古籍修复等需求提供专用空间。

关键词：城市图书馆古籍修复焕发活力创新对策知识共享藏书楼建筑定位运行方式

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Effects of rare earth modifying inclusions on the pitting corrosion of 13Cr4Ni martensitic stainless steel

Effects of rare earth modifying inclusions on the pitting co...

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第十一届全国腐蚀与防护大会

作者：王长罡 Rongyao Ma Yangtao Zhou Yang Liu Enobong felix daniel Xiaofang Li Pei Wang Junhua Dong Wei Ke Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Environmental Corrosion Centre of Materials Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

In this study,the pitting corrosion behavior of 13Cr4Ni martensitic stainless steel (BASE) and that modified with rare earth (REM) in 0.1 mol/L NaCl solution were *** such as automatic secondary electron microscope (ASPEX PSEM detector),scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope (TEM),scanning Kelvin probe force microscope (SKP),potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarizations were *** results obtained indicates that BASE steel contains AlO/MnS,AlO and MnS inclusions,while REM steels contain (La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O and (La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O-S *** with BASE steel,REM steel is more susceptible to induce the metastable pitting nucleation and repassivation,whereas it restrains the transition from metastable pitting to stable *** 0.021%rare earth element to BASE steel can reduce the number and area of inclusions,while that of 0.058%can increase the number and enlarged the size of inclusions,which is also the reason that pitting corrosion resistance of 58REM steel is slightly lower than that of 21REM *** the process of pitting corrosion induced by AlO/MnS inclusions,MnS is preferentially anodic dissolved,and also the matrix contacted with AlO is subsequently anodic *** REM steels,anodic dissolution preferentially occurs at the boundary between inclusions and matrix,while (La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O inclusions chemically dissolve in local acidic environment or are separated from steel *** chemically dissolved substance(Laand Ce) of (La,Ce,Cr,Fe)-O inclusions are concentrated in pitting pits,which inhibits its continuous growth.

关键词： 13Cr4Ni martensitic stainless steel Rare earth modifying inclusion Al2O3/MnS inclusion Metastable pitting corrosion Stable pitting corrosion

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