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Clinical Analysis of Hoarseness in Children as Seen in Otorhinolaryngology Department of a Tertiary Health Institution in North-West, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2016年第1期6卷 17-21页

作者： aliyu daniel Amutta Baba Stanley Department of Otorhinolaryngology Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto Nigeria

Normal phonation is produced in the larynx by the blast of pulmonic air stream that vibrates the vocal cords. Hoarseness reflects changes in the structure or function of the vocal cords. Objective: This is to describe the clinical profile of hoarseness in children and aetiological factors in a tertiary health institution. Methodology: This is a retrospective eight-year (2006-2013) study of clinical records of patients with hoarseness as their main symptom seen in the ENT department of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto. Results: Fifty-two children with hoarseness were studied. Thirty three (63.5%) were males, while 19 (36.5) were female with a male: female ratio of 1.7:1. The age range was 1 - 13 years with a mean age of 5.1 years. Age group 4 - 7 years (38.5%) were observed to be more affected with duration of hoarseness ranging from 1 day to 5 years. RRP 23 (44.2%) was the most common aetiology of hoarseness followed by foreign body 15 (28.8%) and Acute Laryngeal infections 9 (17.3%). Tracheostomy was done in 29 (55.8%) of patients. Two patients died post operatively due to improper tracheostomy tube care in the ward. Conclusion: With delayed presentation and its attendant grave sequelae, it has become imperative that persistent hoarseness in children lasting more than three weeks should be endoscopically evaluated by an otorhinolaryngologist.

关键词： Hoarseness Children Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis Tracheostomy

Laryngeal Stenosis from Trapped Overflowed Head Scarf in the Wheel of a Moving Motor Cycle: A Case Report

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2016年第10期5卷 347-352页

作者： Stanley Baba Amutta Mohammed Abdullahi daniel aliyu Caleb Manya Department of Otorhinolaryngology Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto Nigeria

Introduction: Laryngeal stenosis is partial or circumferential narrowing of the endolaryngeal airway from congenital or acquired causes. It can present with life threatening upper airway obstruction, and the goal of treatment is restoration of good quality voice, respiration and laryngeal competence. We report a case of laryngeal stenosis following strangulation by a trapped overflowed head scarf, whilst being transported on a motor cycle and highlighted the treatment challenges. Methodology: A case of laryngeal stenosis studied, clinical findings, investigation results and treatment analysed. Results: A 70-year-old Nigerian elderly woman presented with three weeks’ history of hoarseness and progressive difficulty in breathing, following pulling of her long head scarf into the back wheel of the motor cycle taking her home. She had immediate loss of consciousness, which lasted for about 60 minutes. There was associated bout of cough while eating. Examination revealed life threatening upper airway obstruction. X-ray soft tissue neck showed soft tissue mass obliterating larygotracheal air column. Flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscopy showed grossly distorted laryngeal inlet with invisible vocal cords. CT scan of the larynx showed multiple and displaced fractures of the laryngeal cartilages. Microlaryngoscopy findings were pin-hole laryngeal lumen with firm collapsed mucosa. Emergency tracheostomy was done to relieve the upper airway obstruction. Attempts were made to excise the collapse mucosa and insert a stent proved difficult. Referral for endoscopic laser excision was caution because of the potential risk of aspiration. She was counselled and coping well with the tracheostomy.

关键词： Laryngeal Stenosis Strangulation Treatment Sokoto

Nasal Response from Formaldehyde Exposure Used as Cadaver Preservative among Pre-Clinical Medical Students in a Nigerian Medical College

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2014年第4期3卷 173-178页

作者： Mohammed Abdullahi Abdullahi Daudu Zagga Kufre Robert Iseh Stanley Baba Amutta daniel aliyu Department of Anatomy College of Health Science Usman Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria Department of Ear Nose and Throat Usman Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto Nigeria

Background: Formaldehyde is commonly used for cadaver preservation in most anatomy laboratories with medical students at risk of acute toxic reactions involving the mucosal surface of the upper respiratory tract. Aim: To assess the nasal induced physical reactions from formaldehyde exposure among pre-clinical medical students. Materials and Method: This is a cross sectional, anonymous questionnaire-based study that included 119 preclinical medical students who took human anatomy laboratory course in the year 2012 at the College of Health Science of the Usman Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria. Results: One hundred and nineteen students responded to the questionnaires. There were 82 males and 37 females with a ratio of 2.2:1. Fifty nine (49.6%) of the respondents had watery rhinorrhea, nose itching 41 (34.5%), excessive sneezing 34 (28.6%), nasal obstruction 32 (26.9%), hyposmia 23 (19.3%) and 6 (5%) epistaxis. Thirty (29.2%) respondents had persistent nasal symptoms throughout the dissection session and nasal obstruction accounted for 40% of those affected. Majority of the respondents 113 (95%) had no knowledge of health hazards and precautions against formaldehyde exposure. Conclusion: Watery rhinorrhea, followed by nasal obstruction were the most common nasal symptoms which were persistent in 36.7% and 40% of the respondents respectively throughout the anatomy dissection sessions. Ninety five percent of the respondents had no knowledge of health hazards and precautions against formaldehyde exposure, therefore we recommend creation of awareness and precautionary measures against formaldehyde exposure in our Nigerian medical schools.

关键词： Formaldehyde Nasal Symptoms Health Hazards Medical Students

Giant Retropharyngeal Abscess in a Nigerian Adult Following Fish Bone Throat Injury

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2013年第6期2卷 271-275页

作者： Stanley B. Amutta daniel aliyu Mohammed Abdullahi Mohammed Danfulani Yunusa A. Mufutau ENT Department Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto Nigeria Psychiatry Department Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto Nigeria Radiology Department Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto Nigeria

Retropharyngeal abscess (RPA) is an uncommon disease entity that typically occurs in children under 5 years of age, which has the potential to cause upper airway obstruction. Upper respiratory tract infection is the most common predisposing factor to RPA in children while cervical spine tuberculosis and trauma are the major aetiological factors in the adult. We report a case of a 21-year-old Nigerian farmer with giant retropharyngeal abscess following fish bone throat injury causing life-threatening upper airway obstruction. The patient responded well to emergency tracheostomy, intraoral surgical drainage and empirical antibiotic therapy. We highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of managing such a patient.

关键词： Giant Retropharyngeal Abscess Fish Bone Tracheostomy Antibiotic Intra-Oral Drainage

Pattern of Salivary Gland Tumour in Sokoto, North-Western Nigeria

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2016年第5期7卷 347-352页

作者： daniel aliyu Kufre Robert Iseh Saddiku Mallami Sahabi Stanley Baba Amutta Mohammed Abdullahi Mfon Ime Inoh Department of Ear Nose and Throat Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto Nigeria Department of Histopathology Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto Nigeria

Background: Salivary gland tumours though rare but constitute a heterogeneous group of tumours accounting for 5% of head and neck tumours with a high incidence reported in other part of the world compared with studies in Sub-saharan Africa. Aim: To describe the dermographic and histopathological patterns of salivary gland tumuors in a tertiary health institution Sokoto. Materials and Method: This was a five-year descriptive and retrospective analysis of all patients diagnosed and managed with salivary gland tumour in the department of ear, nose and throat, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto between January 2010 and December 2014. Clinical records and histopathological slides of these patients were retrieved and data extracted from the case files included patients demography, site of the tumour, and histopathological diagnosis. Data obtained were analysed using IBM-SPSS version 22. Results: A total of 103 salivary gland tumours (SGTs) during the study period. Age ranged from 1 year to 75 years with a mean age of 41.66 (±17.80) years. There was a male preponderance of 53.4% and 46.6% female with a M:F of 1.2:1. Histologically, 35 (34.0%) were benign and 68 (66.0%) were malignant lesion. Minor salivary gland 63 (61.2%) was the commonest gland involved followed by the parotid 27 (26.2%) gland. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was most frequent malignant lesion and pleomorphic adenoma was the commonest benign tumour. Conclusion: Minor salivary glands of the palate are the principal site for salivary gland malignancy with male preponderance and SCC being the most frequent malignant lesion. Therefore any SGTs should raise a high index of suspicion.

关键词： Salivary Gland Tumour Malignant Benign

Clinical and Histological Patterns of Oropharyngeal Tumors in Selected Health Institutions in North Western Nigeria

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2015年第2期4卷 55-60页

作者： Kufre Robert Iseh Mohammed Abdullahi daniel Jiya aliyu Stanley Amutta Stephen Semen Yikawe Joseph Hassan Solomon Department of ENT Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto Nigeria

Background: Tumors of the oropharynx affect a common pathway for deglutition, respiration and speech and therefore pose a challenge to both the patient and clinician. This paper attempts to present clinical and histologic patterns, and therapeutic challenges of oropharyngeal tumors from three selected health facilities in North Western Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The medical records of patients seen in the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Federal Medi- cal Centre Birnin Kebbi and Shepherd Specialist Hospital, Sokoto with oropharyngeal tumors over a fourteen-year period were reviewed (January 2000 to December 2013). Results: A total of 36 patients were seen. Twenty (56%) were males and 16 (44%) were females, making the male:female ratio, 1.3:1, (P value of 0.004 for the null hypothesis). The age range was 3 to 80 years, with a mean age of 45.5 years. Majority of patients were in their 5th decade of life (33%). Nineteen (53%) patients presented with dysphagia, 11 (28%) with mass in the mouth (soft palate), 7 (17%) with neck swelling, while 3 patients (7%) presented with upper airway obstruction. Twenty-six patients (72%) presented at an advanced stage. Squamous cell carcinoma accounted for 31% of the cases, followed by lymphoma 14%, adenoid cystic carcinoma 8%, pleomorphic adenoma 5%, mucoepidermoid carcinoma 5%, peripheral nerve sheath tumour 3%, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (3%), tuberculoma (3%) and inflammatory polyp (3%). Surgery was carried out in 31 cases (86.1%) for the purpose of obtaining biopsy and removal of tumour, followed by chemotherapy (5.5%) and radiotherapy (5.5%) where histologic diagnosis was malignant. Five (13.9%) did not consent for any intervention. Conclusion: Oropharyngeal tumours are varied in presentation. Squamous cell carcinoma (31%) was the commonest histologic type followed by lymphoma (14%) and adencystic carcinoma (8%). About 72% of the cases were in advanced stages (T4). More than half of the tumours (53%) wer

关键词： Oropharyngeal Tumour Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lymphoma North Western Nigeria

Aural Toileting and Dressing—Important Intervention Measures in the Management of Acute Suppurative Otitis Media

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2014年第5期3卷 233-238页

作者： Kufre Roberts Iseh Stanley Baba Amutta Abdullahi Mohammed daniel aliyu Kingsley Osisi Lawali Argungu Salihu Silifat Oyewusi Grace Iseh Department of Otorhinolaryngology Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto Nigeria

Background: Otitis media is one of the most common childhood infections, the leading cause of doctor’s visit by children in ENT clinic. The acute form if not recognized early is commonly characterized by suppuration from the middle ear following perforation of the tympanic membrane otherwise referred to as acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM). If not adequately treated, it progresses to chronic suppurative otitis media with attendant challenges in management. Ceasation of ear discharge is an indication of resolution of disease. The objective of this study is to appraise the value of local ear suction toileting and dressing in the ceasation of ear discharge in acute suppurative otitis media. Materials and Method: Consecutive new cases of acute suppurative otitis media seen at the Ear, Nose and Throat clinic of a tertiary health centre in north western Nigeria were assessed for efficacy of aural toileting and dressing with antibioctic impregnated guaze in the treatment of acute suppurative otitis media and compared with patients with similar disease without aural toileting and dressing or dressing with normal saline soaked guaze in addition to systemic antibiotic and antihistamine medications. Ear toileting was done by suctioning the discharge with suction machine, and cleaning the external auditory canal with hydrogen peroxide and methylated spirit. They were then dressed with gauze impregnated with antibiotic ear drops daily until there was no more ear discharge. The period of ceasation of ear discharge in each group was assessed. Results: There were 39 patients with acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM). Eighteen were females (46.2%) while 21 were males (53.8%), giving M:F ratio 1:2.1. Their ages ranged between 1 month and 45 years. About 36 (92.3%) were children and out of this, 28 (77.8%) were less than 5 years old. The average period of ceasation of discharge was 24 - 48 hours with those undergoing ear toileting and dressing but varied between 7 and 10 days wit

关键词： Acute Suppurative Otitis Media Ear Dressing Ear Toileting

Sociodemographic Characteristics and Prevalence of Self Ear Cleaning in Sokoto Metropolis

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2013年第6期2卷 276-279页

作者： Stanley B. Amutta Mufutau A. Yunusa Kufre R. Iseh Ayodele Obembe Enokela Egili daniel aliyu Mohammed Abdullahi ENT Department Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto Nigeria Family Medicine Department Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto Nigeria Psychiatry Department Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto Nigeria

Background: Self ear cleaning with cotton buds and other objects is a common practice. Objective: To determine the sociodemographic characteristics and the prevalence of self ear cleaning habit among patients attending a family medicine clinic in a teaching hospital in Sokoto metropolis. Materials and Methods: This was a 4 weeks prospective study carried out between May and June, 2013 at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital and Specialist Hospital Sokoto. A structured self response questionnaire containing items on sociodemographic characteristics, frequency of administering objects into the ear and complications of self ear cleaning was administered to the respondents after institutional research ethical clearance. The data were analysed using SPSS for windows version 16.0. P-value was considered significantly if less than 0.05. Results: A total of 200 subjects were included in this study, comprising of 93 (46.5%) males and 107 (53.5%) females. Their ages ranged from 18-57 years with the mean age being 30.29 years (±8.70). Eighty percent (160) of the respondents practise self ear cleaning. Types of objects included writing objects and cotton buds. For many of the subjects, the frequency of insertion was once daily and both ears were frequently cleaned. Complications that have arisen due to the practice included otitis externa. Conclusion: Self ear cleaning was prevalent in the subjects. Considering the complications that may arise, ear cleaning is better done by trained health personnel.

关键词： Ear Cleaning Self Wax Cotton Bud Sokoto

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of the Bug Eye and Sand Coral

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Microscopy Research 2020年第1期8卷 1-7页

作者： Sayid Ali Sayid aliyu Dadan-Garba daniel Elaigwu Enenche Barnabas Achakpa Ikyo Harkness Screens Stevenage United Kingdom Department of Geography Nigerian Defence Academy Kaduna Nigeria Department of Chemistry Benue State University Makurdi Nigeria Department of Physics Benue State University Makurdi Nigeria

We present a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique for the characterisation of biological and non-biological samples at nano-scale level. Scanning Electron Microscopy has been around for a long while especially in material science laboratories in developed countries. The SEM has enabled scientist to have a better understanding of microstructure by providing unsurpassed optical magnifications of samples. In this introductory paper, we introduce the techniques of using SEM to capture highly magnified microstructure of a fly found on an African soybean (Glycine max) seed. We are able to estimate the number of lenses in each eye and zoom into features that could describe its life characteristics. Hexagonal lenses are estimated to have sizes ranging from 14 um to 19 um. This paper also presents a finding of a sea coral “pie like structure” on a single grain of sand used for water filtration.

关键词： Bug Eye Sand Coral Scanning Electron Microscopy