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Degradation study on tin- and bismuth-based gas-diffusion electrodes during electrochemical CO_(2) reduction in highly alkaline media

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第11期30卷 367-376,I0008页

作者： Fabian Bienen Armin Lowe Joachim Hildebrand Sebastian Hertle dana Schonvogel Dennis Kopljar Norbert Wagner Elias Klemm Kaspar Andreas Friedrich Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics German Aerospace CenterPfaffenwaldring 38-4070569 StuttgartGermany Institute of Building Energetics Thermal Engineering and Energy StorageUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 3170569 StuttgartGermany Institute of Technical Chemistry University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569 StuttgartGermany Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics German Aerospace CenterCarl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 1526129 OldenburgGermany

This work investigated the degradation of tin – based gas-diffusion electrodes (GDE) and also a promising Bi2O3 GDE in electrochemical CO_(2) reduction in highly alkaline media which has not been studied before. The contributions of the electrode wetting (or flooding, if excessively) and catalyst leaching on the degradation were analyzed. Therefore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to monitor the wetted surface area of the GDE in combination with post-mortem analysis of the penetration depth by visualizing the electrolyte’s cation in the GDE cross-section. Furthermore, to reveal a possible degradation of the electrocatalyst, its distribution was mapped in the GDEs cross-section after operation while the catholyte was additionally analyzed via ICP-MS. The results clearly demonstrate that the SnO_(2) catalyst dissolves in the reaction zone inside the GDE and might be partially redeposited near the GDEs surface. Since the redeposition process occurs only partially a steady loss of catalyst was observed impeding a clear distinction of the two degradation phenomena. Nevertheless, the deterioration of the electrode performance measured as faraday efficiency (FE) of the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) qualitatively correlates with the differential double layer capacitance (Cdl). A significant difference of the rate of increase for the hydrogen FE and Cdl can be ascribed to the superposition of both above-mentioned degradation mechanisms. The demonstrated instability of SnO_(2) contrasts with the behavior of Bi2O3 GDE which is stabilized during CO_(2) conversion by redeposition of the diluted dissolved species as metallic Bi which is active for the CO_(2) reduction reaction.

关键词： Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction Heterogeneous catalysis Gas-diffusion electrode Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Catalyst leaching

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Leukemia Study in Sulaymaniyah Province, Kurdistan, Iraq

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Chinese Medical Journal 2016年第2期129卷 244-245页

作者： Zhala AA Karim Karzan G Khidhir Rebaz A Ahmed Halgord A Hassan dana Omer Karim Department of Molecular Biology Kurdistan Institution for Strategic Studies and Scientific Research AI-Sulaymaniyah Iraq Department of Biology School of Science University of Sulaimani AI-Sulaymaniyah Iraq Department of Hematology Hiwa Hospital Ministry of Health AI-Sulaymaniyah Iraq

To the Editor： The increased rate of leukemia in several Iraqi cities has been linked to exposure to depleted uranium, which was used during the consequent wars in lraq from 1990 to 2010.11-41 Here, we investigated leukemia occurrence in the Sulaymaniyah Governorate （SG）, which has been exposed to wars and crises at the same level as the rest of Iraq.151 To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first population-based study on leukemia in SG.

关键词： several Iraqi population-based depleted uranium

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High human disturbance decreases individual variability in skink escape behavior

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Current Zoology 2020年第1期66卷 63-70页

作者： dana M.WILLIAMS Phat-Tan NGUYEN Kemal CHAN Madeleine KROHN Daniel T.BLUMSTEIN Department of Ecology&Evolutionary Biology University of California621 Young Drive SouthLos AngelesCA90095-1606USA

Animals living around people may modify their antipredator behavior as a function of proximity to humans,and this response has profound implications for whether or not a population can coexist with *** asked whether inland blue-tailed skinks Emoia impar modified their individual antipredator behavior as a function of differential exposure to *** conducted multiple consecutive flushes and recorded 2 measures of antipredator response:flight initiation distance(FID),the distance from a threatening stimulus at which an individual flees,and distance fled,the distance an individual fled after a *** used a multiple model comparison approach to quantify variation in individual escape behavior across multiple approaches and to test for differences in between-individual variation among *** found that individuals tolerated closer approach and fled shorter distances at locations with relatively less human disturbance than at locations with medium and high human disturbance,*** addition,skinks living at high human disturbance sites had less variable FIDs than at low human disturbance *** theories may explain these *** against less favorable phenotypes has reduced behavioral variation in urban habitats and behavioral plasticity allows individuals to flexibly adjust their behavioral patterns in response to human *** results highlight the importance of studying variation within populations,at the individual level,which may better elucidate the impact that human disturbance has on the behavioral composition of populations.

关键词： distance fled Emoia impar flight initiation distance habitat sorting habituation urbanization

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Ultraviolet Light Fights New Virus

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Engineering 2020年第8期6卷 851-853页

作者： dana Mackenzie Senior Technology Writer

In the fight against the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,an old weapon has re-emerged[1].More than a century after Niels Finsen won the 1903 Nobel Prize for discovering that ultraviolet(UV)light could kill ... 详细信息

关键词： ultraviolet covering emerged

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Rhodes＇s Men： Class, Race, and Ethnicity in Intemational Leadership

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International Relations and Diplomacy 2016年第4期4卷 290-301页

作者： dana Cooper Stephen F. Austin State University Nacogdoches Texas USA

At his death in 1902, Cecil Rhodes left an enormous amount of money to his alma mater, Oxford University to fund arguably the most recognized and prestigious scholarship in the world, the Rhodes Scholarship. Formally established one year after his passing, the grant quickly became the most famous educational award in the English-speaking world. Every year, 32 American college seniors are selected to study at Oxford University.1 Many of these elite men have returned from England to distinguish themselves in their chosen fields. Indeed the list of recipients reads like a Who＇s Who of American Leadership. Politicians such as senators J. William Fulbright and Bill Bradley, former President Bill Clinton, public policy analysts Robert Reich and George Stephanopoulos, writer Robert Penn Warren, as well as Supreme Court Justices Bryon White and David Souter, to name but a few, all achieved the status of Rhodes Scholars, a designation that has followed them thorough their respective and impressive careers （Schaeper ＆ Schaeper, 1998）. Undoubtedly, this scholarship has had an enormous impact on the individuals who have been deemed worthy of its selection. Today, selection as a Rhodes Scholar is widely considered a golden ticket to future success for its recipients.

关键词： Rhodes Scholarships Manhood Roosevelt Leadership

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The effect of white noise on behavioral and flight responses of blue-tailed skinks

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Current Zoology 2021年第1期67卷 125-126页

作者： Connor KELLIGREW Sarah TIAN Marcus WeISS dana M.WILLIAMS Daniel T.BLUMSTEIN Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095-1606USA

As human development expands,environments are increasingly exposed to anthropogenic noise which may disrupt animals in a variety of *** noise can be disruptive both as a source of auditory masking,which prevents animals from acquiring acoustic information(Brumm and Slabbekoorn 2005),or as a source of distraction,reallocating an individual's attention and impairing an animal's ability to engage in critical behaviors such as prey risk assessment(Chan et al.2010).

关键词： locating effect critical

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Three-dimensional visualization of planta clathrin-coated vesicles at ultrastructural resolution

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Molecular Plant 2022年第10期15卷 1533-1542页

作者： Alexander Johnson Walter A.Kaufmann Christoph Sommer Tommaso Costanzo dana A.Dahhan Sebastian Y.Bednarek Jiri Friml Institute of Science and Technology Austria(ISTA) 3400KlosterneuburgAustria UW-Madison Department of Biochemistry433 Babcock Dr.MadisonWI 53706USA

Biological systems are the sum of their dynamic three-dimensional(3D)***,it is critical to study biological structures in 3D and at high resolution to gain insights into their physiological *** microscopy of metal replicas of unroofed cells and isolated organelles has been a key technique to visualize intracellular structures at nanometer ***,many of these methods require specialized equipment and personnel to complete ***,we present novel accessible methods to analyze biological structures in unroofed cells and biochemically isolated organelles in 3D and at nanometer resolution,focusing on Arabidopsis clathrin-coated vesicles(CCVs).While CCVs are essential trafficking organelles,their detailed structural information is lacking due to their poor preservation when observed via classical electron microscopy protocols ***,we establish a method to visualize CCVs in unroofed cells using scanning transmission electron microscopy tomography,providing sufficient resolution to define the clathrin coat ***,the samples are prepared directly on electron microscopy grids,removing the requirement to use extremely corrosive acids,thereby enabling the use of this method in any electron microscopy ***,we demonstrate that this standardized sample preparation allows the direct comparison of isolated CCV samples with those visualized in ***,to facilitate the high-throughput and robust screening of metal replicated samples,we provide a deep learning analysis method to screen the“pseudo 3D”morphologies of CCVs imaged with 2D ***,our work establishes accessible ways to examine the 3D structure of biological samples and provide novel insights into the structure of plant CCVs.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana clathrin-coated vesicles STEM tomography electron microscopy clathrin-mediated endocytosis

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The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC) evaluation of the carcinogenicity of outdoor air pollution:focus on China

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2014年第4期33卷 189-196页

作者： dana Loomis Wei Huang Guosheng Che International Agency for Research on Cancer Cours Albert Thomas Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Peking University School of Public Health Existing Substances Risk Assessment Bureau Safe Environments Directorate Healthy Environments&Consumer Safety BranchHealth Canada

The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)has classified outdoor air pollution and the particulate matter(PM)in outdoor air pollution as carcinogenic to humans,as based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and experimental animals and strong support by mechanistic *** data with important contributions to the evaluation are reviewed,highlighting the data with particular relevance to China,and implications of the evaluation with respect to China are *** air pollution levels in Chinese cities are among the highest observed in the world today and frequently exceed healthbased national and international *** from high-quality epidemiologic studies in Asia,Europe,and North America consistently show positive associations between lung cancer and PM exposure and other indicators of air pollution,which persist after adjustment for important lung cancer risk factors,such as tobacco *** data from China are limited but nevertheless indicate an increased risk of lung cancer associated with several air *** cancer risk is also observed in experimental animals exposed to polluted outdoor air or extracted *** exposure of several species to outdoor air pollution is associated with markers of genetic damage that have been linked to increased cancer risk in *** studies from China,especially genetic biomarker studies in exposed populations,support that the polluted air in China is genotoxic and carcinogenic to *** evaluation by IARC indicates both the need for further research into the cancer risks associated with exposure to air pollution in China and the urgent need to act to reduce exposure to the population.

关键词：空气污染中国城市室外空气研究机构国际机构致癌性癌症评估

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Aggressive surgical approach in patients with adrenal-only metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma enables higher survival rates than standard systemic therapy

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2021年第1期20卷 28-33页

作者： Sorin T Alexandrescu Adina E Croitoru Razvan T Grigorie dana R Tomescu Gabriela Droc Mugur C Grasu Irinel Popescu Dan Setlacec Centre of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation Fundeni Clinical InstituteBucharest 022328Romania Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest 020021Romania Department of Oncology Fundeni Clinical InstituteBucharest 022328Romania Faculty of Medicine Titu Maiorescu UniversityBucharest 031593Romania Dan Tulbure Centre of Anesteziology and Intensive Care Fundeni Clinical InstituteBucharest 022328Romania Department of Radiology Fundeni Clinical InstituteBucharest 022328Romania

Background:Although guidelines recommend systemic therapy even in patients with limited extrahepatic metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),a few recent studies suggested a potential benefit for resection of extrahepatic ***,the benefit of adrenal resection(AR)for adrenal-only metastases(AOM)from HCC was not proved *** is the first study to compare long-term outcomes of AR to those of sorafenib in patients with AOM from ***:The patients with adrenal metastases(AM)from HCC were identified from the electronic records of the institution between January 2002 and December *** who presented AM and other sites of extrahepatic disease were ***,the patients with AOM who received other therapies than AR or sorafenib were ***:A total of 34 patients with AM from HCC were *** of these,22 patients had AOM,6 receiving other treatment than AR or ***,8 patients with AOM underwent AR(AR group),while 8 patients were treated with sorafenib(SOR group).The baseline characteristics of the two groups were not significantly different in terms of age,sex,number and size of the primary tumor,timing of AM diagnosis,Child-Pugh and ECOG *** a median follow-up of 15.5 months,in the AR group,the 1-,3-,and 5-year overall survival rates(85.7%,42.9%,and 0%,respectively)were significantly higher than those achieved in the SOR group(62.5%,0%and 0%at 1-,3-and 5-year,respectively)(P=0.009).The median progression-free survival after AR(14 months)was significantly longer than that after sorafenib therapy(6 months,P=0.002).Conclusions:In patients with AOM from HCC,AR was associated with significantly higher overall and progression-free survival rates than systemic therapy with *** results could represent a starting-point for future phase II/III clinical trials.

关键词： Adrenal metastases Hepatocellular carcinoma Adrenal resection Sorafenib Survival

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Role of home monitoring with iCare ONE rebound tonometer in glaucoma patients management

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第3期14卷 405-408页

作者： Eldar Rosenfeld Gilad Rabina dana Barequet Michael Mimouni Naomi Fischer Shimon Kurtz Department of Ophthalmology Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterAffiliated to the Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 64239Israel Department of Ophthalmology Rambam Health Care CarmpusAffiliated to Ruth Rappaport Faculty of MedicineTechnion-lsrael Institute of TechnologyHaifa 3109601Israel

AIM: To evaluate intraocular pressure(IOP) measurements and fluctuations using the i Care ONE rebound tonometer(RT-ONE), during home monitoring, in diagnosed and suspected glaucoma ***: A retrospective case series of consecutive patients with known glaucoma or glaucoma suspects who were followed-up and treated between January 2016 and January 2017. The study included 80 eyes of 40 patients with a mean age of 59.1±14.6 y(range, 24-78). All patients have undergone 4-5 d of IOP home monitoring with RT-ONE at morning, noon, afternoon, and night ***: Baseline mean IOP, as measured in the clinic(8 a.m.-12 p.m.), was 17.4±5.1 mm Hg, compared to RT-ONE home monitoring mean IOP of 15.6±4.1 mm Hg(P=0.002). Mean IOP was significantly lower at noon, afternoon and night times compared to clinic measured IOP and morning measurements(P=0.005). IOP peak measured during home monitoring was significantly higher compared to the clinic measured IOP(21.3±5.6 mm Hg and 17.4±5.1 mm Hg, P<0.001). IOP peaks during home monitoring demonstrated a majority of 47 peaks during morning measurements, compared to 23 at noon, 19 at afternoon and only 12 at night(P<0.001). The home monitoring results led to treatment modification of 44 eyes(55%), treatment regime was insufficient for 40(50%) ***: Home monitoring IOP with RT-ONE can provide good assessment of mean IOP, IOP fluctuations and peaks throughout the hours of the day, which lead to an accurate treatment for glaucoma patients.

关键词： glaucoma intraocular pressure home monitoring iCare ONE peak

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