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Nanoparticle Targeting with Antibodies in the Central Nervous System

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Biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2023年第1期4卷 159-176页

作者： Ju Hyun Lee dana V.Chapman W.Mark Saltzman Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA

Treatments for disease in the central nervous system(CNS)are limited because of difficulties in agent penetration through the blood-brain barrier,achieving optimal dosing,and mitigating off-target *** prospect of precision medicine in CNS treatment suggests an opportunity for therapeutic nanotechnology,which offers tunability and adaptability to address specific diseases as well as targetability when combined with antibodies(Abs).Here,we review the strategies to attach Abs to nanoparticles(NPs),including conventional approaches of chemisorption and physisorption as well as attempts to combine irreversible Ab immobilization with controlled *** also summarize trends that have been observed through studies of systemically delivered Ab–NP conjugates in ***,we discuss the future outlook for Ab–NPs to deliver therapeutics into the CNS.

关键词： agent irreversible particle

Physical aspects of f(R,GμvTμv) modified gravity theories

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Chinese Physics C 2023年第10期47卷 241-252页

作者： Mihai Marciu dana Maria Ioan Faculty of Physics University of Bucharest

The paper extends basic Einstein-Hilbert action by incorporating an invariant derived from a specific contraction between the Einstein tensor and energy momentum *** represents a non-minimal coupling between the space-time geometry and matter *** fundamental Einstein-Hilbert action is extended by considering a generic function f(R,GμvTμv).This function is subsequently dissected into its primary components:a geometric part reliant on the scalar curvature,and another segment encapsulating the interaction between geometry and matter *** cosmological models are formulated at the backdrop of these dynamics,rooted in specific associations between the matter energy-momentum tensor and Einstein *** deriving the consequent field equations,the cosmological model’s physical implications are explored through a dynamical system analysis applied to diverse coupling *** exploration reveals that the current model aligns with various phases in the Universe’s evolution,potentially elucidating several late-time historical epochs.

关键词： dark energy cosmology modified gravity theories

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深圳市1例黑热病病例实验室检测与分子鉴定

中国热带医学 2024年第2期24卷 218-222页

作者：黄达娜刘小莲高世同李媛唐屹君张倩彭博阳帆牛丛张仁利深圳市疾病预防控制中心广东深圳518055

目的对深圳市1例输入性黑热病病例进行实验室检测和分子溯源分析以确定感染虫株。方法收集2023年3月15日深圳市确诊1例黑热病病例的骨髓穿刺液和血液进行实验室检测。对患者骨髓穿刺液涂片姬姆萨染色后进行显微镜检查,对血液样品采用内... 详细信息

目的对深圳市1例输入性黑热病病例进行实验室检测和分子溯源分析以确定感染虫株。方法收集2023年3月15日深圳市确诊1例黑热病病例的骨髓穿刺液和血液进行实验室检测。对患者骨髓穿刺液涂片姬姆萨染色后进行显微镜检查,对血液样品采用内脏利什曼原虫快速诊断试剂(rk39)进行血清抗体检查,并提取全血DNA,PCR扩增内转录间隔区Ⅰ(internal transcribed spacer-1,ITS-1)序列并测序比对,同时基于ITS-1序列构建系统进化树。结果对患者骨髓涂片显微镜检查查见大量利什曼原虫无鞭毛体,确诊为黑热病,患者血液采用rk39快速诊断试剂检测结果呈阳性,PCR扩增出ITS-1基因产物序列与预期大小一致,经NCBI数据库中比对,与婴儿利什曼原虫ITS-1基因序列相似度为100%,确定感染虫株为婴儿利什曼原虫。对扩增的ITS-1序列进行系统发育树构建发现与婴儿利什曼原虫聚到一个分支,且与所选的参比序列中的KC347299距离较近。结论深圳市1例黑热病病例是由婴儿利什曼原虫引起的,黑热病在我国仍时有发生,应加强非疫区医务人员诊断技术,积极配合使用新的诊断技术进行辅助诊断,同时应提高对利什曼原虫的防控能力。

关键词：黑热病利什曼原虫实验室检测基因溯源

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生成式人工智能的惊人进展引发惊讶和担忧

Engineering 2023年第6期25卷 9-11页

作者： dana Mackenzie Senior Technology Writer

In 1950, computer pioneer Alan Turing proposed a test for artificial intelligence(AI) that came to be named after him: A machine with AI should be able to chat with a human and convince them it was human [1]. While it has become increasingly evident that the Turing test is not an adequate definition of AI, it has long been seen as an important milestone.

关键词：人工智能 computer artificial

Three-dimensional visualization of planta clathrin-coated vesicles at ultrastructural resolution

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Molecular Plant 2022年第10期15卷 1533-1542页

作者： Alexander Johnson Walter A.Kaufmann Christoph Sommer Tommaso Costanzo dana A.Dahhan Sebastian Y.Bednarek Jiri Friml Institute of Science and Technology Austria(ISTA) 3400KlosterneuburgAustria UW-Madison Department of Biochemistry433 Babcock Dr.MadisonWI 53706USA

Biological systems are the sum of their dynamic three-dimensional(3D)***,it is critical to study biological structures in 3D and at high resolution to gain insights into their physiological *** microscopy of metal replicas of unroofed cells and isolated organelles has been a key technique to visualize intracellular structures at nanometer ***,many of these methods require specialized equipment and personnel to complete ***,we present novel accessible methods to analyze biological structures in unroofed cells and biochemically isolated organelles in 3D and at nanometer resolution,focusing on Arabidopsis clathrin-coated vesicles(CCVs).While CCVs are essential trafficking organelles,their detailed structural information is lacking due to their poor preservation when observed via classical electron microscopy protocols ***,we establish a method to visualize CCVs in unroofed cells using scanning transmission electron microscopy tomography,providing sufficient resolution to define the clathrin coat ***,the samples are prepared directly on electron microscopy grids,removing the requirement to use extremely corrosive acids,thereby enabling the use of this method in any electron microscopy ***,we demonstrate that this standardized sample preparation allows the direct comparison of isolated CCV samples with those visualized in ***,to facilitate the high-throughput and robust screening of metal replicated samples,we provide a deep learning analysis method to screen the“pseudo 3D”morphologies of CCVs imaged with 2D ***,our work establishes accessible ways to examine the 3D structure of biological samples and provide novel insights into the structure of plant CCVs.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana clathrin-coated vesicles STEM tomography electron microscopy clathrin-mediated endocytosis

Comparison of success rate and intraocular pressure spikes between selective laser trabeculoplasty and micropulse laser trabeculoplasty in African American and Hispanic patients

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第1期16卷 75-80页

作者： Alexander Z Robin Palwasha Syar dana Darwish Catherine Thomas NMPfahler Agni Kakouri Thomas Patrianakos Michael Giovingo Department of Ophthalmology John H.StrogerJr.Hospital of Cook CountyChicagoIL 60612USA Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North ChicagoIL 60064USA Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIL 60612USA Department of General Surgery University of Texas at HoustonHoustonTX 77030USA

AIM:To examine the efficacy and safety of micropulse laser trabeculoplasty(MLT)versus selective laser trabeculoplasty(SLT)in a large cohort of primarily African American and Hispanic ***:A single center retrospective comparative cohort review conducted at Cook County Health facilities that included patients with a diagnosis of open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension who received an SLT or MLT procedure between January 2017 and May ***:Totally 131 eyes of 99 patients were *** 77 eyes received SLT and 54 received *** out of 77 eyes in the SLT group(9.1%)and 1 out of 54 eyes in the MLT group(1.9%)had an IOP spike(defined as>5 mm Hg)at either 1h or 1wk after procedure(P=0.05,Chisquared test with Haldane-Anscombe correction).The procedure failure rate at one year was 50%for SLT and 48%for MLT(P=0.31).CONCLUSION:MLT has a significantly lower incidence of pressure spikes and a similar treatment failure rate at 1-year post-procedure,demonstrating that it is a reasonable alternative compared to SLT.

关键词： selective laser trabeculoplasty micropulse laser trabeculoplasty glaucoma open angle glaucoma ocular hypertension

Gastrointestinal microbiota:A predictor of COVID-19 severity?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第45期28卷 6328-6344页

作者： Maria Adriana Neag Damiana-Maria Vulturar Diana Gherman Codrin-Constantin Burlacu Doina Adina Todea Anca dana Buzoianu Department of Pharmacology Toxicology and Clinical PharmacologyIuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca 400337Romania Department of Pneumology Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca 400332Romania Department of Radiology Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca 400347Romania Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca 400347Romania

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection,has raised serious concerns worldwide over the past 3 *** severity and clinical course of COVID-19 depends on many factors(e.g.,associated comorbidities,age,etc)and may have various clinical and imaging findings,which raises management *** microbiota composition is known to influence respiratory disease,and respiratory viral infection can also influence gut *** and lung microbiota and their relationship(gut-lung axis)can act as modulators of *** the intestinal microbiota,by improving its composition and diversity through nutraceutical agents,can have a positive impact in the prophylaxis/treatment of COVID-19.

关键词： Gut microbiota COVID-19 Prognostic biomarkers Gut-lung axis Probiotics Nutraceuticals

Characterization of the interaction of nanobubble ultrasound contrast agents with human blood components

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生物活性材料(英文) 2023年第1期19卷 642-652页

作者： Michaela B.Cooley Eric C.Abenojar dana Wegierak Anirban Sen Gupta Michael C.Kolios Agata A.Exner Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH44106United States Department of Radiology Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH44106United States Department of Physics Ryerson UniversityTorontoOntarioM5B 2K3Canada Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Science Technology A Partnership Between Ryerson University and St.Michael’s HospitalTorontoOntarioM5B 1T8Canada

Nanoscale ultrasound contrast agents,or nanobubbles,are being explored in preclinical applications ranging from vascular and cardiac imaging to targeted drug delivery in *** sub-micron particles are approximately 10x smaller than clinically available *** allows them to effectively traverse compromised physiological barriers and circulate for extended periods of *** various aspects of nanobubble behavior have been previously examined,their behavior in human whole blood has not yet been ***,herein we examined,for the first time,the short and long-term effects of blood components on nanobubble acoustic *** observed differences in the kinetics of backscatter from nanobubble suspensions in whole blood compared to bubbles in phosphate buffered saline(PBS),plasma,or red blood cell solutions(RBCs).Specifically,after introducing nanobubbles to fresh human whole blood,signal enhancement,or the magnitude of nonlinear ultrasound signal,gradually increased by 22.8±13.1%throughout our experiment,with peak intensity reached within 145 *** contrast,nanobubbles in PBS had a stable signal with negligible change in intensity(􀀀1.7±3.2%)over 8 *** the same conditions,microbubbles made with the same lipid formulation showed a􀀀56.8±6.1%decrease in enhancement in whole *** confocal,fluorescent,and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed attachment of the nanobubbles to the surface of RBCs,suggesting that direct interactions,or hitchhiking,of nanobubbles on RBCs in the presence of plasma may be a possible mechanism for the observed *** phenomenon could be key to extending nanobubble circulation time and has broad implications in drug delivery,where RBC interaction with nanoparticles could be exploited to improve delivery efficiency.

关键词： Nanobubbles Ultrasound contrast agents Red blood cells Hitchhiking Ultrasound Drug delivery

Prevalence and factors associated with vitamin C deficiency in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第33期28卷 4834-4845页

作者： Benjamin Langan Gordon Jonathan S Galati Stevie Yang Randy S Longman dana Lukin Ellen J Scherl Robert Battat Department of Medicine New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10065United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10021United States

BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) are prone to several nutritional deficiencies. However, data are lacking on vitamin C deficiency in Crohn’s disease(CD) and ulcerative colitis(UC) patients, as well as the impact of clinical, biomarker and endoscopic disease severity on the development of vitamin C *** To determine proportions and factors associated with vitamin C deficiency in CD and UC *** In this retrospective study, we obtained clinical, laboratory and endoscopic data from CD and UC patients presenting to the IBD clinic at a single tertiary care center from 2014 to 2019. All patients had an available plasma vitamin C level. Of 353 subjects who met initial search criteria using a cohort discovery tool, 301ultimately met criteria for inclusion in the study. The primary aim described vitamin C deficiency(≤ 11.4 μmol/L) rates in IBD. Secondary analyses compared proportions with deficiency between active and inactive IBD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluated factors associated with *** Of 301 IBD patients, 21.6% had deficiency, including 24.4% of CD patients and 16.0% of UC patients. Patients with elevated C-reactive protein(CRP)(39.1% vs 16.9%, P < 0.001) and fecal calprotectin(50.0% vs 20.0%, P = 0.009) had significantly higher proportions of deficiency compared to those without. Penetrating disease(P = 0.03),obesity(P = 0.02) and current biologic use(P = 0.006) were also associated with deficiency on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, the objective inflammatory marker utilized for analysis(elevated CRP) was the only factor associated with deficiency(odds ratio = 3.1, 95%confidence interval: 1.5-6.6, P = 0.003). There was no difference in the presence of clinical symptoms of scurvy in those with vitamin C deficiency and those *** Vitamin C deficiency was common in IBD. Patients with elevated inflammatory markers and penetrating disease had higher rates of vitamin

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Vitamin C deficiency Scurvy Malnutrition