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Adaptive TCP: A Sender Side Mechanism with Dynamic Adjustment of Congestion Control Parameters for Performance Improvement in WLAN

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2015年第5期8卷 130-145页

作者： Purvang dalal Mohanchur Sarkar Kankar Dasgupta Nikhil Kothari Department of Electronics and Communication D. D. University Nadiad India Space Application Center ISRO Ahmedabad India Indian Institute of Science and Technology Trivandrum India

This paper presents a sender side only TCP mechanism to prevent compromise for bandwidth utilization in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. In absence of mechanism for accurate and immediate loss discrimination, the TCP sender unnecessarily reduces its Loss Window in response to the packet losses due to transmission errors. At the same time, frequent transmission losses and associated link retransmissions cause inaccuracy for available bandwidth estimate. The proposal, Adaptive TCP tackles the above issues using two refinements. First, sender estimates the degree of congestion by exploiting the statistics for estimated Round Trip Time (RTT). With this, it prevents unnecessary shrinkage of Loss Window and bandwidth estimate. Second, by concluding the uninterrupted evolution of its sending rate in recent past, the Adaptive TCP advances bandwidth estimate under favorable network conditions. This in turn, facilitates for quick growth in TCP’s sending rate after loss recovery and consequently alleviates bandwidth utilization. The authors implement the algorithm on top of TCP NewReno, evaluate and compare its performance with the wireless TCP variants deployed in current Internet. Through intensive simulations it is demonstrated that the Adaptive TCP outperforms other well-established TCP variants, and yields more than 100% of the throughput performance and more than 60% of improvement for bandwidth utilization, compared to TCP NewReno. The simulation results also demonstrated compatibility of Adaptive TCP in a shared wireless environment.

关键词： Bandwidth Estimation Round Trip Time Congestion Estimator Network Utilization Factor Bit Error Rate Fast Retransmit and Recovery

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A Comparative Analysis of Tools for Verification of Security Protocols

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2010年第10期3卷 779-787页

作者： Nitish dalal Jenny Shah Khushboo Hisaria Devesh Jinwala Department of Computer Engineering S. V. National Institute of Technology

The area of formal verification of protocols has gained substantial importance in the recent years. The research results and subsequent applications have amply demonstrated that the formal verification tools have indeed helped correct the protocols even after being standardized. However, the standard protocol verification tools and techniques do not verify the security properties of a cryptographic protocol. This has resulted in the emergence of the security protocol verifiers to fill the need. In this paper, taking the two popular security verification tools namely Scyther and ProVerif as the basis, we identify a few security protocols and implement them in both Scyther and ProVerif, to aptly evaluate the tools, in terms of the security properties of the selected protocols. In the process, we not only characteristically present a comparative evaluation of the two tools, but also reveal interesting security properties of the protocols selected, showing their strengths and weaknesses. To the best of our knowledge, this is a unique attempt to juxtapose and evaluate the two verification tools using the selected security protocols.

关键词： Formal Verification Security Protocols Attacks

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Community Notification of Maternal, Neonatal Deaths and Still Births in Maternal and Neonatal Death Review (MNDR) System: Experiences in Bangladesh

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Health 2014年第16期6卷 2218-2226页

作者： Animesh Biswas Fazlur Rahman Charli Eriksson Koustuv dalal Department of Public Health Science School of Health and Medical Sciences &Ouml rebro University &Ouml rebro Sweden Centre for Injury Prevention and Research Bangladesh (CIPRB) Dhaka Bangladesh

Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine the process of community maternal, neonatal deaths and still births notification within the Bangladesh government health structure using the Maternal and Neonatal Death Review (MNDR) system. The study also explored the feasibility and acceptance of community death notification in the MNDR system. Methods: The study was under-taken in the Thakurgaon district of Bangladesh during 2010. During the study a mix of both qualitative and quantitative information was collected. A review of the documentation process of community death notification was undertaken and focus group discussions (FGDs) with community members, health care providers and managers in a sub-district were conducted, with in-depth interviews (IDIs) with district heath and family planning managers. Quantitative data were collected from community death notifications in the district during January to December 2010. Results: The death notification process was implemented by the government health care system within the Thakurgaon district. Field level health and family planning staff collected maternal and neonatal death information, recorded the death on the notification form and reported back to the Upazila (sub-district of the district) focal point at the Upazila health complex (primary health care centre). Community people were encouraged to share their death information to field level health staff. The health and family planning managers in the district periodically discussed the maternal and neonatal deaths and prepared remedial action plans in high death notified areas. In 2010, 59 maternal deaths, 739 neonatal deaths and 633 still births were reported in Thakurgaon district. District health and family planning departments performed community death notification as part of their routine daily work and integrated these procedures with other field level activities. Conclusion: Community death notification under the MNDR system was found to be achievable and a

关键词： Community Death Notification Maternal and Neonatal Death Bangladesh

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Characteristics of Child Labour and Their Health Problems: Findings from Rural Community of India

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Health 2016年第10期8卷 931-936页

作者： Sourav Mondal Koustuv dalal Dilip Kumar Sahoo Animesh Biswas Dr. Kanailal Bhattacharyya College Howrah India School of Health Sciences Orebro University Orebro Sweden Centre for Injury Prevention and Research Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: Child labour is a big problem. Studies have indicated several problems of child labour. However, few studies have indicated the characteristics of child labour rural India. Objectives: This study has explored characteristics of child labour and their families in the rural community of eastern India and also identified their health problems. Methods: A cross-sectional study was designed to explore their characteristics in purposively selected areas in rural Howrah, India. Frequency table and bar-diagrams were used. Results: The study identified 72% boys and 28% girls as child labour. Majority of the children (67.9%) were labour because they wanted to help their parents. In 8.9% cases, they were forced to work by their parents. In 5.4% cases, they were orphans. Majority of the children were not satisfied (78.6%) with their job place and job status. Conclusions: Child labourers are not satisfied with their job. Their money is used in family. Parents are illiterate. Lack of effective education system and availability of functional schools are both causes and consequences of child labour. Due to illiteracy, working conditions for these children get worse as they are not even aware of the occupational benefits.

关键词： Child Labour Characteristics Parents Illiteracy Rural India

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Response to an Earthquake in Bangladesh: Experiences and Lesson Learnt

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Open Journal of Earthquake Research 2016年第1期5卷 1-6页

作者： Animesh Biswas Saidur Rahman Mashreky Koustuv dalal Toity Deave Department of Public Health Science &Ouml rebro University Sweden Centre for Injury Prevention and Research Bangladesh (CIPRB) Dhaka Bangladesh Centre for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion School of Health and Medical Sciences &Ouml rebro University Sweden Centre for Child & Adolescent Health University of the West of England Bristol UK

A powerful earthquake occurred in Nepal on 25th April 2015 where the highest measure of the tremor was 7.9 on the Richter scale with a minimum of 6.6. The death toll was around 3000 and thousands were injured in the devastation of the disaster. The earthquake and subsequent earth tremors were also felt in other South East Asian countries including Bangladesh, India and China. Bangladesh was jolted twice by tremors and, although the tremor was not as severe, it was reported to be between 4 and 5 on the Richter scale. Aftershocks over the next few days were also experienced and these ranged around 5 on the Richter scale. In Bangladesh, six lives were lost, and more than 200 people were injured and were taken to hospital. There were also many buildings that collapsed in the mega city Dhaka and its surrounding areas. This study describes the country’s response to the earthquake. This experience and the lessons learnt highlight the importance for national earthquake-proof building regulations and systems to lessen the damage and devastation of any future earthquake.

关键词： Component Formatting Style Styling

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鸡粪中高温厌氧甲烷发酵产气潜能与动力学特性

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中国环境科学 2018年第1期38卷 234-243页

作者：乔玮毕少杰尹冬敏姜萌萌 dalal E.Algapani 董仁杰中国农业大学工学院北京100083 中国农业大学国家能源生物燃气高效制备及综合利用技术研发实验中心北京100083

采用富含氮素的鸡粪为原料,包括原料鸡粪、鸡粪固相部分和鸡粪液相部分,选取以鸡粪为原料连续稳定运行超过90d的中高温厌氧反应器新鲜出料为接种污泥,在中温(35℃)和高温(55℃)条件下开展动力学和产甲烷潜能试验.采用Gompertz模型、一... 详细信息

采用富含氮素的鸡粪为原料,包括原料鸡粪、鸡粪固相部分和鸡粪液相部分,选取以鸡粪为原料连续稳定运行超过90d的中高温厌氧反应器新鲜出料为接种污泥,在中温(35℃)和高温(55℃)条件下开展动力学和产甲烷潜能试验.采用Gompertz模型、一级动力学模型和两阶段模型对鸡粪中高温累积产甲烷量进行拟合.结果表明,鸡粪中高温甲烷发酵均呈现明显的快速产气期和慢速产气期两阶段特征,快速产气期的动力学常数K1分别为0.4174和0.2104d^(-1),快速产气分别在4.5和6.5d结束,快速产气量占到总产气量的69%和58%.原料鸡粪和液相部分的中温发酵动力学常数(K1)分别为0.4177和0.2330d^(-1),均高于高温的0.1721,0.2214d^(-1),发酵产气速率较快.鸡粪固相部分中温发酵的动力学常数为0.1960d^(-1),低于液相中温发酵的0.2330d^(-1)和固相高温的0.2310d^(-1),中温条件下,水解过程是限制鸡粪甲烷发酵速率的主要因素之一.鸡粪固体和鸡粪液体高温发酵的动力学常数K分别为0.2310,0.22214d^(-1),鸡粪固体发酵产甲烷的速率快于液相部分,水解过程不是限制鸡粪高温发酵产甲烷速率的最主要因素.产甲烷潜能试验表明鸡粪在中温和高温下产甲烷潜能分别为212,177m L/g TS.因此,仅从发酵效率的角度考虑,鸡粪中温发酵比高温发酵的产甲烷潜能更高,产甲烷速率更快.

关键词：鸡粪甲烷发酵产气动力学

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Common Fixed Point Results for Compatible Map in Digital Metric Space

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2018年第3期8卷 362-371页

作者： Sumitra dalal Ibtisam A. Masmali Ghaliah Y. Alhamzi Jazan University Jazan KSA Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University Riyadh KSA

In this paper, we prove common fixed point results for quadruple self-mappings satisfying an implicit function which is general enough to cover a multitude of known as well as unknown contractions. Our results modify, unify, extend and generalize many relevant results existing in literature. Also, we define the concept of compatible maps and its variants in the setting of digital metric space and establish some common fixed point results for these maps. Also, an application of the proposed results is quoted in this note.

关键词： Implicit Relation Compatible Maps Fixed Point Results Digital Metric Space Metric Space

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Economic Cost of Pedestrian Injuries in Stockholm City

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Health 2014年第19期6卷 2736-2742页

作者： Sandra Pahrne Johanna Y. Andrews Chavez Koustuv dalal Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden Tufts University Boston USA Centre for Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion School of Health and Medical Sciences &Ouml rebro University &Ouml rebro Sweden Department of Public Health Sciences School of Life Sciences University of Sk&ouml vde Sk&ouml vde Sweden

Objective: To conduct a cost analysis of pedestrian injuries at zebra crossings (marked lines only) in Stockholm city during 2008, and propose an intervention for reducing these incidents. Cost savings for the intervention are calculated and presented. Method: A Cost of Illness (COI) method was used to calculate the cost for pedestrian injuries at zebra crossings. Cost of Illness included direct and indirect costs and excluded intangible costs due to lack of data. Data and statistics from STRADA, PAR and calculations from MSB were used to perform the COI. Results: During 2008, 73 pedestrians were injured at zebra crossings in Stockholm city, amounting an estimated social cost of 10.8 million Swedish Krona (SEK) (severe injuries 9.2 million SEK, minor injuries 1.6 million SEK). The costs for reducing pedestrian injuries and related social burden via the proposed intervention (zebra crossings constructed alongside asphalt speed bumps with adjacent lights on both sides of the crossing) were estimated to be 250,000 SEK at roads without intersections, and 1.6 million SEK at roads with an intersection. Conclusion: Pedestrian injuries place a large financial burden on society each year. It is recommended to add speed bumps and adjacent lights to zebra crossings where most pedestrian injuries occur. The intervention would reduce pedestrian injuries and also decrease the cost for the society due to these injuries. Cost savings for the intervention depend on the kind of injury avoided and what kind of road the intervention is built on.

关键词： Pedestrian Injuries Zebra Crossing Speed Bump Lights Cost Savings Sweden

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Spectrum of Primary Glomerular Diseases in Patients Presenting with Urinary Abnormalities

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2022年第4期12卷 451-459页

作者： Gaurav Vohra Kumar Anand Shrutiraaj Himani dalal Gurjeet Singh Chowdhary Army Command Hospital Chandimandir India Medicine Army Hospital YOL India

Introduction: Primary Glomerular Diseases are a spectrum of renal disorders of unknown aetiology with distinct characteristics, specific natural history and prognosis. A thorough evaluation is prerequisite to establish the diagnosis since many systemic diseases and secondary aetiology masquerade as primary diseases. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care centre and included 30 patients, with clinical features suggestive of primary glomerular diseases, of which 23 patients (76.6%) were males and 07 patients (23.33%) were females. The mean age at presentation was 37.23 ± 12.89 years. Among the observed spectrum of Primary Glomerular Diseases, IgA Nephropathy (IgA N) was seen in 26.67% patients, Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 20% patients and Membranous Glomerulopathy (MGN) in 13.33% patients, whereas the incidence of other abnormalities had less percentage contribution. Proteinuria was the commonest presentation seen in 60% patients, followed by Microscopic Haematuria in 20%. Mean Serum Creatinine was 0.99 ± 0.16 mg/dl. Mean Serum Albumin was 2.51 ± 0.76 gm/dl. Overall Nephrotic range proteinuria was observed in 15 (50%) patients. Results: IgA N, FSGS & MGN were the commonest observed Primary Glomerular Diseases. Proteinuria, Haematuria, Anasarca and Pedal Oedema were the commonest observed clinical presentations. Conclusions: In this studied series IgA Nephropathy, FSGS and MGN were the most prevelant diagnoses in the patients presenting with Urinary Abnormality. Nephrotic range Protenuria was the major indication for biopsy, there is a temporal variation in glomerulopathies wherein there is increase in incidence of IgA Nephropathy and decrease in incidence of FSGS.

关键词： Protenuria Primary Glomerular Disease IgA Nephropathy Creatinine

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Location Based Performance of WiMAX Network for QoS with Optimal Base Stations (BS)

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Wireless Engineering and Technology 2011年第3期2卷 135-145页

作者： Rakesh Kumar Jha Bholebawa Idris Z Upena D dalal Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

In this paper we are given concept of our WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) network perfor-mance for QoS monitoring and optimization solution for BS (Base Station) with multimedia application. In the communication sector, the optimal objective is to equate quality and cost. Due to its large coverage area, low cost of deployment and high speed data rates. WiMAX is a promising technology for providing wireless last-mile connectivity. Physical and MAC layer of this technology refer to the IEEE 802.16e standard, which defines 5 different data delivery service classes that can be used in order to satisfy Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of different applications, such as VoIP, videoconference, FTP, Web, etc. In this paper we have made six scenarios. Here two types of MAC layer QoS are used and they are UGS and rtPS having application of Voice over IP (VoIP) and MPEG respectively. Also the traffic priority for UGS is high as compared to rtPS. In each scenario the number of fixed nodes (Fixed Subscriber Stations) and Mobile nodes (Mobile Subscriber Stations) are different. To cover more nodes or if nodes are outside the coverage area more than one BS are required. All the simulation results based on optimized networks and area we have considered between Bhusaval and Jalgam.

关键词： WiMAX Physical Layer MAC Layer OPNET Modeler QoS Optimal Area

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