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Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 via fecal-oral:Current knowledge

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第28期9卷 8280-8294页

作者： Filipe Antônio França da silva Breno Bittencourt de Brito Maria Luísa Cordeiro Santos Hanna Santos Marques Ronaldo Teixeira da silva Júnior Lorena Sousa de Carvalho Samuel de Sousa Cruz Gabriel Reis Rocha Gabriel Lima Correa Santos Kathlen Coutinho de Souza Rebeca Gabrielle Almeida Maciel daiana silva lopes Natália Oliveira e silva Márcio Vasconcelos Oliveira Fabrício Freire de Melo Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde Universidade Federal da BahiaVitória da Conquista 45002175BahiaBrazil Departamento de Ciências Naturais Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da BahiaVitória da Conquista 45002175BahiaBrazil Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica Universidade Federal da BahiaSalvador 40.110-100BahiaBrazil Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde Universidade Federal da BahiaVitória da Conquista 45029-094BahiaBrazil

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has resulted in more than 93 million cases and 2 million deaths in the ***-CoV-2 respiratory tract infection and its main clinical manifestations such as cough and shortness of breath are well known to the scientific ***,a growing number of studies have reported SARS-CoV-2-related gastrointestinal involvement based on clinical manifestations,such as diarrhea,nausea,vomiting,and abdominal pain as well as on the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with coronavirus disease ***,current evidence suggests SARS-CoV-2 transmission via the fecal-oral route and aerosol ***,studies have shown a high risk of contamination through hospital surfaces and personal ***,viable SARS-CoV-2 specimens can be obtained from aerosols,which raises the possibility of transmission through aerosolized viral particles from ***,the infection by SARS-CoV-2 via fecal-oral route or aerosolized particles should *** addition,a possible viral spread to sources of drinking water,sewage,and rivers as well as the possible risk of viral transmission in shared toilets become a major public health concern,especially in the least developed *** authors have emphasized the presence of viral RNA and even viable SARS-CoV-2 in human feces,studies on the possible fecal-oral coronavirus disease 2019 transmission become essential to understand better the dynamics of its transmission and,then,to reinforce preventive measures against this infection,leading to a more satisfactory control of the incidence of the infection.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2,Transmission Via fecal-oral

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Motivations for and barriers to innovation in non-profit organizations: The case of nursing homes in Northern Portugal

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2024年第1期8卷 25-44页

作者： Ana Rita Gonçalves lopes Aldina Isabel de Azevedo Correia Alexandra Maria da silva Braga Center for Research and Innovation in Business Sciences and Information Systems School of Management and TechnologyPolitecnico do PortoRua do Curral-Margaride4610-156 FelgueirasPortugal

To contribute to the empirical literature on innovation in non-profit organizations,this study examines innovation in Private Social Solidarity Institutions with social responses for the elderly in Northern *** enriches the literature by clarifying the concept of innovation applied to non-profit organizations,which represents a perspective different from the business ***,it is important to support the innovation decisionmaking process in similar non-profit *** this study,the population was surveyed through questionnaires based on the PUBLIN research project,which has already been applied in different countries,and the targets were employees of organizations with social responses for the *** sample is small,with 28 respondent institutions and 51 employees,but it is representative,as it includes institutions from all districts in Northern *** study employed a quantitative approach,particularly factor analysis,multiple linear regression,and correlation analyses,using scales already applied in other dimensions of the social sector,to understand the effect of each innovation dimension/determinant on creativity and innovation in nonprofit *** results show that in these organizations with social responses for the elderly,learning orientation,risk-taking,and job satisfaction have a positive impact on innovation.

关键词： Determinants of innovation non-profit organizations social responses for the elderly Northern Portugal

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Synthesis of coral-like structures of Pr-Yb co-doped YIG: Structural,optical, magnetic and antimicrobial properties

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第3期42卷 543-554,I0004页

作者： A.Fernandez Francisca P.Araujo Y.Guerra S.Castro-lopes J.Matilla-Arias Idglan S.de Lima Edson C.silva-Filho Josy A.Osajima F.Guerrero R.Pena-Garcia Federal University of Piau Graduate Program in Materials Science and EngineeringTeresinaPIBrazil Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Academic Unit of Cabo de Santo AgostinhoCabo de Santo AgostinhoPEBrazil Federal University of Piaui Department of PhysicTeresinaPBrazil Federal University of Pernambuco Graduate Program in Materials ScienceRecifePEBrazil University of Granma Departmentof Basic Sciences and Applied InformaticsFaculty of Technical SciencesBayamoCuba Federal University of Amazonas Department of PhysicManausAMBrazil Federal University of Pernambuco Department of PhysicRecifePEBrazil

Coral-like structures of the Y_(3-x)Pr_(x)Fe_(5-y)Yb_(y)O_(12),(0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.04, 0.00 ≤ y ≤ 0.02) compound were synthesized using the sol-gel method. Structural investigation certified the YIG cubic crystal structure formation, without any secondary phase. It is shown that, the relatively large ionic radius of the dopant cations results in an expansion of the lattice parameter, variations in the Iona-O-Iondangle, Iona-O,Iond-O and Ionc-O bond distances and decrease in the average crystallite size. Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) and Raman measurements are essential to testify the single-phase formation of YIG crystal structure and are observed changes in the stretching and vibrational modes, respectively. The morphological study, energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) spectra and textural properties show corallike structures, peaks associated with Pr^(3+) and Yb^(3+) atoms and the effect of dopants on surface area,diameter, and pore volume, respectively. The optical analysis from diffuse reflectance spectra witnessed an increase in the optical gap band, a decrease in Urbach energy and blue shift in the charge transfer,correlated with the expansion of the unit cell due to the dopant's insertion in the YIG structure. A typical ferrimagnetic behavior is exhibited by the Y_(3-x)Pr_(x)Fe_(5-y)Yb_(y)O_(12)compound. The saturation magnetization(M_(s)), cubic anisotropy constant(K_(1)) and coercive field(H_(c)) increase with the Pr^(3+)cations content, as consequence of their magnetic nature and distribution around of Fe^(3+)ions due to the coexistence with the Yb^(3+). Finally, for the first time, antibacterial tests by mean of the direct contact method were performed for YIG co-doped with Pr^(3+)and Yb^(3+)and it is shown that, relatively high dosages of Pr^(3+) cations favored the activity against S. aureus, therefore, a new biological property for YIG doped with rare earths is presented.

关键词： Yttrium iron garnet(YIG) Coral-like structures Rare earths Band gap energy Magnetic properties Antimicrobial properties

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Radical Prostatectomy by Laparotomy: Retrospective Study Comparing Separate and Continuous Stitches in the Performance of Vesicourethral Anastomosis at a Single Center in the Public Health Network

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第6期14卷 368-379页

作者： Guilherme Canabrava Rodrigues silva Tarcizo Afonso Nunes Rafael Calvão Barbuto Thiffany Quartarollo lopes Beatriz Melo De Almeida Departamento de Cirurgia da FMUFMG e da PUC-MG Belo Horizonte Brazil Departamento de Cirurgia da FMUFMG Belo Horizonte Brazil Acadmica de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Belo Horizonte Brasil Acadmica de Medicina da Pontifcia Universidade Catlica de Minas Gerais (PUC-MG) Betim Brasil

Background: Prostate cancer ranks as the second most prevalent malignancy in men, with treatment strategies ranging from observation to various interventions. Radical prostatectomy is a common approach, aiming for a cure, and the technique for vesico-urethral anastomosis varies, employing separate or continuous stitches. However, a consensus on the optimal technique is lacking. This study aims to compare vesico-urethral anastomosis techniques (separate vs. continuous stitches) in laparotomy-based radical prostatectomies, evaluating peri and postoperative outcomes. Materials and Method: A retrospective analysis of 140 patients’ medical records yielded 86 eligible cases, divided into two groups based on anastomosis technique. Both groups underwent surgery at the same urology center between 2016 and 2019, with a follow-up period exceeding 12 months. Pre-operative characteristics were statistically similar between groups. Results: Perioperative complication rates did not significantly differ between the two techniques (p > 0.99). However, the continuous stitch group experienced a 20-minute longer procedure time (p 0.05), patients with continuous stitches had 2.5 times higher diaper usage at twelve months (p Conclusion: This research suggests that vesico-urethral anastomosis with separate stitches yields superior results in laparotomy-based radical prostatectomies compared to continuous stitches, demonstrating benefits in surgical time, hospital stay, sentinel drain duration, stenosis rates, and long-term urinary incontinence outcomes.

关键词： Prostate Cancer Urinary Incontinence Urethrovesical Anastomosis

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Metabolic disease and the liver: A review

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第1期16卷 33-40页

作者： Márcia Vargas Sheila de Castro Cardoso Toniasso Patricia G Riedel Camila Pereira Baldin Francielle lopes dos Reis Robson Martins Pereira Maria Carlota Borba Brum Dvora Joveleviths Mario Reis Alvares-da-silva Program of Graduate Science in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Federal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 90040-060Rio Grande do SulBrazil School of Medicine Federal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 90040-060Brazil Program of Graduate Science in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinicas Hospital of Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90410000Brazil Medicine Faculty Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Federal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 90040-060Brazil Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinicas Hospital of Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90035007Brazil

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)is the most common liver disease worldwide,with an estimated prevalence of 31%in Latin *** presence of metabolic comorbidities coexisting with liver disease varies substantially among *** is acknowledged that obesity is boosting the type 2 diabetes mellitus“epidemic,”and both conditions are significant contributors to the increasing number of patients with *** steatohepatitis represents a condition of chronic liver inflammation and is considered the most severe form of *** diagnosis is based on the presence of steatosis,noninvasive scores and altered liver *** scores of liver fibrosis,such as serum biomarkers,which should be used in primary care to rule out advanced fibrosis,are simple,inexpensive,and widely ***,guidelines from international hepatology societies recommend using noninvasive strategies to simplify case finding and management of high-risk patients with MASLD in clinical ***,there is no definite pharmacological treatment for the *** public health policies to treat patients with risk factors for MASLD prevention is essential.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Primary care Metabolic risk Liver Metabolism

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Iron-Deficiency Anemia Management in Gynecological Surgery: A Review of Current Evidence and Best Practices

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第8期14卷 1223-1241页

作者： Aline Evangelista Santiago Artur Lima Sendin Víctor Nilo Nogueira Rogério Adão Braga Admilson Lemos Costa Filho Eduardo Batista Cândido Agnaldo lopes silva Filho Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine Santo Amaro University (UNISA) So Paulo Brazil Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine So Paulo State University (UNESP) So Paulo Brazil

Purpose: Due to the high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in women undergoing gynecological surgeries and its association with worse postoperative results, it is necessary to identify and treat anemia preoperatively. However, although anemia and iron deficiency are significant global health problems, there are still disparities in the recognition and implementation of “Patient Blood Management” (PBM) as a comprehensive approach to mitigating the risks associated with these diseases. The purpose of the study is to review best practices for the treatment of anemia based on the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol and PBM recommendations. Methods: This study reviewed the literature on preoperative iron deficiency anemia in patients undergoing gynecological surgery. We identified references through searches in PubMed using relevant search terms. Results: Among the various strategies used in PBM, perhaps the most important is the early detection and management of anemia. In gynecological surgery, there are several approaches to reducing perioperative blood loss, highlighting the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists (aGnRh) and antifibrinolytics. Oral and intravenous iron supplementation can be performed in addition to blood transfusion to treat anemia. Conclusion: Addressing preoperative and postoperative anemia through systematic correction, following the guidelines of the ERAS protocol and PBM guidelines, is essential to improving perioperative outcomes in women undergoing gynecological surgery.

关键词： Anemia Gynecological Surgery Iron Supplementation Iron Deficiency

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Challenges in Implementing DVI Best Practice Guidelines Due to the Brumadinho Disaster

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Forensic Medicine and Anatomy Research 2024年第1期12卷 1-12页

作者： Reinaldo Moreira silva Bruno Diniz Sander Morais Carlos Danilo Ruas silva Elza Cristina lopes de Oliveira Fernando Pereira Macedo Giovanni Vitral Pinto Guadalupe Dell’Arret Coutinho Higgor Gonçalves Dornelas João Luiz silva Moreira Laila Evangelista de Almeida Fernandes Marcia Lobão Iannini Patrícia Siqueira Valéria Rosalina Dias e Santos Sordaini Maria Caligiorne Instituto de Criminalística Polícia Civil de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil

The broke of a tailings dam from Vale S.A. destroyed a gigantic area killing 270 persons in Brumadinho/Brazil. Organizing activities after a mass disaster is a complex process that requires the involvement of many people and resources in the laboratory. To DNA identification of the victims, a daunting work had to be made by DNA laboratory staff in a collaborative effort with many partners. Efforts to implement good practice guidelines in Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) have revealed several important aspects that need to change in the forensic DNA laboratory. This article highlights the challenges of implementing DVI best practice guidelines in resource-poor settings, but with professionals from different sectors engaged in the same goal of briefly identifying victims and helping families and society.

关键词： Disaster Victim Identification DNA Brumadinho

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Sarcopenia and Anemia Are Predictors of Poor Prognostic in Cervical Cancer Patients

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第5期14卷 693-704页

作者： Leandro Santos de Araujo Resende Francine Vilela de Amorim Miguel Soares Conceição Rodrigo Menezes Jales Patrick Nunes Pereira Luis Otávio Sarian Glauco Baiocchi Sophie Derchain Agnaldo lopes da silva Filho Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Botucatu Medical School S&#227o Paulo State University UNESP S&#227o Paulo Brazil Department of Health Sciences University of Sao Francisco S&#227o Paulo Brazil Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medical Science State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil Department of Gynecologic Oncology AC Camargo Cancer Center Sao Paulo Brazil Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics School of Medicine of the Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil

Objective: Evaluate pretreatment sarcopenia and anemia as prognostic factors in women undergoing treatment for cervical cancer (CC) with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Methods: 151 women with CC were analysed in this cohort study. Pretreatment computed tomography (CT) images were analysed to assess skeletal muscle index (SMI). Hazard ratios (HR) and multivariate Cox proportional HR were used to analyse association between low SMI, age, body mass index (BMI), haemoglobin levels, histological type, and International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage with PFS and OS. Results: A total of 151 patients were included, 53 (35.1%) presented pretreatment sarcopenia;51 (34%) stage I/II and 100 (66%) stage III/IV. Among those patients in advanced stage (III/IV) 37 (70%) (p = 0.28) were sarcopenic at the beginning of treatment. Sarcopenia was associated with worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in our cohort [HR 0.97 (p = 0.01)] [HR 0.73 (p = 0.001)], as well as anemia [HR 0.73 (p = 0.001)] [HR 0.78 (p = 0.001)]. Linear regression models indicated that despite showing no association with age, neutrophil or platelet counts, sarcopenia was associated with pretreatment anemia levels (p = 0.01). After a multivariate analysis, only haemoglobin (anemia) and complete CCRT remained associated with PFS and OS. Sarcopenia and anemia were associated with worse PFS and OS in FIGO stage I/II. Conclusion: Pretreatment sarcopenia was significantly associated with low haemoglobin levels. Anemia and incomplete CCRT were independently associated with poor prognosis in women with CC. Pretreatment sarcopenia, as low SMI, was a predictor of poor prognostic in early stages of CC.

关键词： Cervical Cancer Sarcopenia Anemia Chemoradiotherapy

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Time-dependent impact of a high-fat diet on the intestinal barrier of male mice

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第1期14卷 114-123页

作者： Carolline Santos Miranda daiana Araujo Santana-Oliveira Isabela lopes Vasques-Monteiro Nathan Soares Dantas-Miranda Jade Sancha de Oliveira Glauser Flavia Maria silva-Veiga Vanessa Souza-Mello Department of Anatomy Rio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de Janeiro 20551030Brazil

BACKGROUND Excessive saturated fat intake compromises the integrity of the intestinal mucosa,leading to low-grade inflammation,impaired mucosal integrity,and increased intestinal permeability,resulting in the migration of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)to other *** To evaluate the chronic effects(at 10 and 16 wk)of a high-fat diet(HFD)(with 50%energy as fat)on the phylogenetic gut microbiota distribution and intestinal barrier structure and protection in C57BL/6 *** Forty adult male mice were divided into four nutritional groups,where the letters refer to the type of diet(control and HFD or HF)and the numbers refer to the period(in weeks)of diet administration:Control diet for 10 wk,HFD for 10 wk,control diet for 16 wk,and HFD for 16 *** sacrifice,biochemical,molecular,and stereological analyses were *** The HF groups were overweight,had gut dysbiosis,had a progressive decrease in occludin immunostaining,and had increased LPS *** progression reduced the number of goblet cells per large intestine area and Mucin2 expression in the HF16 group,consistent with a completely disarranged intestinal ultrastructure after 16 wk of HFD *** Chronic HFD intake causes overweight,gut dysbiosis,and morphological and functional alterations of the intestinal barrier after 10 or 16 ***-dependent reductions in goblet cell numerical density and mucus production have emerged as targets for countering obesity-driven intestinal damage.

关键词： High-fat diet Intestine Ultrastructure Goblet cells Gut microbiota

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Delay Times and Clinical Outcomes in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Comparison of Periods before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic—Myocardial Infarction and the Pandemic

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第6期14卷 392-400页

作者： Clarice Teixeira silva Araújo Arnon Salviato Mameri Thúlio Carrera Guarçoni Venturini Marcus Tadeu Aguilar Constantino Matos Igor Morais Araujo lopes Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro de Carvalho Murad Cleberson Duartes Ovani Guilherme Vassalo Morais Fernanda Venturini de Castro Danielle lopes Rocha Lucas Crespo de Barros Rodolfo Costa Sylvestre Luiz Fernando Machado Barbosa Roberto Ramos Barbosa Internal Medicine Universidade Federal do Esprito Santo (UFES) Vitria Brazil Hospital Santa Casa de Misericrdia de Vitria Vitria Brazil Hospital Santa Rita de Cssia Vitria Brazil Hospital Estadual Dr. Jayme Santos Neves Serra Brazil Grupo Kora Sade Vitria Brazil Hospital Estadual Infantil e Maternidade Alzir Bernardino Alves (HIMABA) Vila Velha Brazil

Introduction: At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, a drop in the number of patients treated for cardiac emergencies raised concern about cardiovascular mortality in that period. An increase in care delay for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) may have affected clinical outcomes. Objectives: To analyze delay times and clinical outcomes of patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Retrospective observational study that included patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI from December 2018 to July 2021. The COVID-19 pandemic cases were divided into two groups: pandemic I—from March to August 2020;and pandemic II—from September 2020 to July 2021. Patients were compared according to the period of hospitalization. Primary outcomes were delay times in assistance and clinical outcomes (acute kidney injury [AKI], post-procedural vascular complications and in-hospital mortality). Results: 108 patients were included, 39 (36.1%) in the pre-pandemic period, 13 (12.1%) in pandemic I and 56 (51.8%) in pandemic II. Time from onset of symptoms to arrival at the service and door-to-balloon time did not differ significantly among groups. Vascular complications were more frequent during the pandemic (I and II) than in the pre-pandemic period (2.5% pre-pandemic vs 15.4% pandemic vs 12.5% pandemic II;p = 0.03). AKI incidence was similar in all three periods. There was a non-significant increase in in-hospital mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: In patients with STEMI, there was an increase in vascular complications and a trend toward increased mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Delay times to admission and reperfusion did not differ significantly between before and during the pandemic.

关键词： Myocardial Infarction Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Coronary Reperfusion Pandemic COVID-19

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