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Microglia as hackers of the matrix:sculpting synapses and the extracellular space

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第11期18卷 2472-2488页

作者： Joshua D.Crapser Miguel A.Arreola Kate I.Tsourmas kim N.Green Department of Neurobiology and Behavior University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA

Microglia shape the synaptic environment in health and disease,but synapses do not exist in a ***,pre-and postsynaptic terminals are surrounded by extracellular matrix(ECM),which together with glia comprise the four elements of the contemporary tetrapartite synapse *** research in this area is still just beginning,accumulating evidence points toward a novel role for microglia in regulating the ECM during normal brain homeostasis,and such processes may,in turn,become dysfunctional in *** it relates to synapses,microglia are reported to modify the perisynaptic matrix,which is the diffuse matrix that surrounds dendritic and axonal terminals,as well as perineuronal nets(PNNs),specialized reticular formations of compact ECM that enwrap neuronal subsets and stabilize proximal *** interconnected relationship between synapses and the ECM in which they are embedded suggests that alterations in one structure necessarily affect the dynamics of the other,and microglia may need to sculpt the matrix to modify the synapses ***,we provide an overview of the microglial regulation of synapses,perisynaptic matrix,and PNNs,propose candidate mechanisms by which these structures may be modified,and present the implications of such modifications in normal brain homeostasis and in disease.

关键词： Neuroscience Perineuronal nets Microglia Extracellular matrix Neuroinflammation

Boosting Pseudocapacitive Behavior of Supercapattery Electrodes by Incorporating a Schottky Junction for Ultrahigh Energy Density

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第5期15卷 15-35页

作者： Selvaraj Seenivasan Kyu In Shim Chaesung Lim Thangavel Kavinkumar Amarnath T.Sivagurunathan Jeong Woo Han Do-Heyoung kim School of Chemical Engineering Chonnam National University77 Yongbong-RoGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Division of Environmental Science and Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea

Pseudo-capacitive negative electrodes remain a major bottleneck in the development of supercapacitor devices with high energy density because the electric double-layer capacitance of the negative electrodes does not match the pseudocapacitance of the corresponding positive *** the present study,a strategically improved Ni-Co-Mo sulfide is demonstrated to be a promising candidate for high energy density supercapattery devices due to its sustained pseudocapacitive charge storage *** pseudocapacitive behavior is enhanced when operating under a high current through the addition of a classical Schottky junction next to the electrode-electrolyte interface using atomic layer *** Schottky junction accelerates and decelerates the diffusion of OH-/K+ions during the charging and discharging processes,respectively,to improve the pseudocapacitive *** resulting pseudocapacitive negative electrodes exhibits a specific capacity of 2,114 C g^(-1)at 2 A g^(-1)matches almost that of the positive electrode’s 2,795 C g^(-1)at 3 A g^(-1).As a result,with the equivalent contribution from the positive and negative electrodes,an energy density of 236.1 Wh kg^(-1)is achieved at a power density of 921.9 W kg^(-1)with a total active mass of 15 mg *** strategy demonstrates the possibility of producing supercapacitors that adapt well to the supercapattery zone of a Ragone plot and that are equal to batteries in terms of energy density,thus,offering a route for further advances in electrochemical energy storage and conversion processes.

关键词： Pseudo-capacitance Negative electrode Supercapattery Atomic layer deposition Energy density

Energy Management of a Battery Storage and D-STATCOM Integrated Power System Using the Fractional Order Sliding Mode Control

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2021年第5期7卷 996-1010页

作者： Toqeer Ahmed Asad Waqar Essam A.Al-Ammar Wonsuk Ko Yongki kim Muhammad Aamir Habib Ur Rahman Habib Department of Electrical Engineering Bahria University44000 Islamabad.Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering.King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11421.Saudi Arabia. Green Building Research Center.Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology.Goyang Gyeonggi-doSouth Korea. Pak-Austria Fachhochschule Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology HaripurPakistan Huazhong University of Science and Technology WuhanChina.

At present,the power system is more inclined towards disturbances,such as voltage variations and unbalanced load conditions,due to the grid's complexity and load *** challenges emphasize the integration of the compensating devices,such as battery storage(BS)and *** this regard,this current paper exhibits a novel energy management system(EMS)of a combined BS and D-STATCOM to compensate the power system during *** EMS is based on a fractional order sliding mode control(FOSMC)to drive the voltage source converters(VSCs)such that the active power is independently absorbed/injected by the BS,whereas the reactive power is independently absorbed/injected by the D-STATCOM depending upon the disturbance *** is a robust non-linear controller in which the Riemann-Liouville(RL)function is employed to design the sliding surface and the exponential reaching law is used to minimize the chattering *** stability of the FOSMC in the proposed EMS is proved using the Lyapunov candidate *** order to validate the performance of the proposed EMS,a model of a 400 V,180 kVA radial distributor along with a BS and D-STATCOM is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment in two test *** results prove that the proposed EMS with FOMSC effectively compensates the power system under voltage variations and unbalanced load conditions with rapid tracking,fast convergence and upright ***,the results have been compared with the classical proportional integral(PI)control and fixed frequency SMC(FFSMC),and they demonstrate the superiority of the proposed EMS with FOSMC in power system applications.

关键词： Battery storage D-STATCOM energy management system fractional order sliding mode control

Inhibited shuttle effect by functional separator for room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第18期113卷 207-216页

作者： Chunwei Dong Hongyu Zhou Hui Liu Bo Jin Zi Wen Xingyou Lang Jianchen Li Jaekwang kim Qing Jiang Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials Ministry of Educationand School of Materials Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun 130022China Department of Energy Convergence Engineering Cheongju University298 Daeseong-roCheongwon-guCheongjuChungbuk363-764Korea

According to a statistic,approximately 6 trillion cigarettes are smoked each year all over the world,which produces approximately 1.2 million tons of discarded cigarette *** discarded cigarette filters are non-biodegradable,thus they produce a mass of waste disposal and cause environmental pollution *** the purpose of transforming waste into wealth and reducing environmental pollution,nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanofiber/carbon black(N,S-CNF/CB)composite derived from the discarded cigarette filters is employed to modify glass fiber(GF)separator for the first time in this study.N,S-CNF improves binding ability towards sodium polysulfides(SPSs)by ***-polar CB limits the dissolution of SPSs in the liquid electrolyte by *** experiment and density functional theory calculation results indicate that a RT-Na/S battery with a N,S-CNF/CB+GF separator exhibits good cycling stability and rate *** 100 cycles at a low current rate of 0.1 C,a RT-Na/S battery with a sulfur mass fraction of 71%delivers a discharge capacity of 703 mAh g^(−1).In addition,at a high current rate of 0.5 C,a discharge capacity of 527 mAh g^(−1) is still maintained after 900 cycles with a very low capacity fading rate of 0.035%per cycle.

关键词： Shuttle effect Density functional theory Functional separator Nitrogen and sulfur co-doping Room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries

Roles of syndecan-1, bcl6 and p53 in diagnosis and prognostication of immunoproliferative small intestinal disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第22期12卷 3602-3608页

作者： kim Vaiphei Neeraj Kumari Saroj Kant Sinha Usha Dutta Birinder Nagi Kusum Joshi Kartar Singh Department of Histopathology PGIMER ChandigarhIndia Department of Gastroenterology PGIMER ChandigarhIndia

AIM： To evaluate roles of syndecan-1, bcl6 and p53 in diagnosis and prognostication of immunoproliferative small intestinal disease （IPSID） and to study profiles of kappa （κ） and lambda （λ） light chains and IgA heavy chain. METHODS： The study consisted of 11 cases of IPSID and similar number of controls which included 11 of normal intestinal mucosa and 11 of high grade B cell lymphoma of ileum. The parameters analyzed included clinical profiles, biochemical and other laboratory investigations, radiologic and histological findings including immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： All IPSID cases had demonstrable serum IgA heavy chain and heavy mucosal plasma cell infiltration. According to Galian＇s histological staging, there were 4 patients with stage A and 7 with stage B. κ and ;λ light chains were over-expressed in 7 patients; 1 stage A patient had H pylori-positive active gastritis and eradication of H pylori led to disease remission. Stage A biopsies had higher expression for syndecan-1, while stage B had higher expression for bcl6 and p53. Syndecan-1,κ and λ light chains and IgA heavy chain showed inverse relationship with bcl6 and p53. All patients were treated with doxycycline. CHOP regime was added in 5 patients who developed frank lymphoma. Three died of the disease due to extensive organ infiltration. CONCLUSION： Certain immunomarkers like syndecan-1,κ and λ light chains and IgA heavy chain could be of much help in identifying early stage IPSID. Stage B IPSID showed higher expression for bcl6 and p53 than stage A IPSID. bcl6 and p53 expressions correlated with a more advanced disease stage and aggressive tumour behavior.

关键词： IPSID Syndecan-1 bcl6 p53 protein κ and λ light chains Alpha heavy chain H pylori

Effects of ranitidine for exercise induced gastric mucosal changes and bleeding

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第16期12卷 2579-2583页

作者： Suck Jun Choi Yong Sung kim Jeong Ryong Chae Hong Kwan Cho Tae Hyeon kim Young Woo Sohn Yong Leol Oh Geom Seog Seo Yong-Ho Nah Suck Chei Choi Department of Leisure and Sports Wonkwang Health Science CollegeIksanSouth Korea Department of Internal Medicine School of MedicineWonkwang University and Digestive Disease Research InstituteIksanSouth Korea Department of Physical Education College of Natural SciencesKunsan National UniversityKunsanSouth Korea Department of Internal Medicine School of MedicineWonkwang University and Digestive Disease Research InstituteIksanSouth Korea and Department of Physical EducationCollege of Natural SciencesKunsan National UniversityKunsanSouth Korea

AIM： To evaluate the effect of ranitidine on gastric mucosal changes and on GI bleeding in long distance runhers. METHODS： Twenty-four long distance runners （M： 16, F： 8, age： 18.2＋ 1.5 years） participated in this study. A symptom questionnaire, stool hemoccult test, and upper gastrointestinal （GI） endoscopy were performed on the subjects prior to the study. The subjects took oral ranitidine （150 mg, b.i.d.） for two weeks. The upper GI endoscopy and stool Hemoccult tests were repeated after the treatment. RESULTS： Twenty-two of the 24 runners had at least one upper G1 mucosal lesion before the medication. The Endoscopic improvements were seen in eleven of the 14 cases of erosive gastritis and four of the 5 cases of esophagitis. Six subjects were Heine occult positive prior to the study, but only one was positive after the medication. CONCLUSION： Gastric mucosal lesions and GI bleeding in long distance runners seem to be associated to acidrelated factors mediated by the high level of regular running. Ranitidine seems to be and effective prophylaxis to prevent gastric mucosal lesions and GI bleeding.

关键词： Endoscopy Exercise, Gastrointestinal bleeding Ranitidine

Animal-Fats Biodiesel as a Heating Fuel for Agricultural Hot Air Heaters

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2012年第10期2卷 1073-1079页

作者： Youngjung kim Seokho Park Youngjin kim Chungkil kim Energy & Environmental Division Department of Agricultural Engineering National Academy of Agricultural Science RuralDevelopment Administration Suwon Republic of Korea

Biodiesel （BD） was made from animal-fats reacting with methanol and potassium hydroxide in the laboratory. The biodiesel made in the laboratory was sent to K-petro, the government agency to inspect the quality of animal-fats biodiesel, of which generally the quality was acceptable for heating oil for agricultural hot air heater. Kinematic viscosity and calorific values of the biodiesels were measured. BD20（K）, kerosene based biodiesel, showed 18 cSt at -20 ~C. It seems that BD100 can not be suitable for heating fuel under some temperature. As BD content increased calorific value decreased up to 40,000 J/g for 100% BD （BD100） while, light oil calorific value was 45,567 J/g, showing difference of 5,567 J/g （about 12% difference）, Several different fuels including BD20 （biodiesel 20% ＋ light oil 80%）, BD50 （biodiesel 50% ＋ light oil 50%）, BD100 （biodiesel 100%） and light oil were prepared and tested for fuel combustion qualities for agricultural hot air heater and their combustion performances were compared and analyzed. Flame dimensions of biodiesels and light oil were almost same shape at the same combustion condition in the burner of the hot air heater. Generally, CO2 amounts of BDs were greater than light oil, but the differences were so small that it is hard to tell there was significant difference between the BDs combustion and light oil.

关键词： Biodiesel animal-fats combustion hot air heater.

Duodenal obstruction following acute pancreatitis caused by a large duodenal diverticular bezoar

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第38期18卷 5485-5488页

作者： Ji Hun kim Jae Hyuck Chang Sung Min Nam Mi Jeong Lee Il Ho Maeng Jin Young Park Yun Sun Im Tae Ho kim Il Young Park Sok Won Han Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul 137-701 South Korea Department of Surgery College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea Seoul 137-701 South Korea

Bezoars are concretions of indigestible materials in the gastrointestinal tract. It generally develops in patients with previous gastric surgery or patients with delayed gastric emptying. Cases of periampullary duodenal divericular bezoar are rare. Clinical manifestations by a bezoar vary from no symptom to acute abdominal syndrome depending on the location of the bezoar. Biliary obstruction or acute pancreatitis caused by a bezoar has been rarely reported. Small bowel obstruction by a bezoar is also rare, but it is a complication that requires surgery. This is a case of acute pancreatitis and subsequent duodenal obstruction caused by a large duodenal bezoar migrating from a periampullary diverticulum to the duodenal lumen, which mimicked pancreatic abscess or microperforation on abdominal computerized tomography. The patient underwent surgical removal of the bezoar and recovered completely.

关键词： Bezoar Diverticulum Pancreatitis Duodenal obstruction

Expression and Role of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in Human Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons with Special Focus on Nav1.7,Species Differences, and Regulation by Paclitaxel

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2018年第1期34卷 4-12页

作者： Wonseok Chang Temugin Berta Yong Ho kim Sanghoon Lee Seok-Yong Lee Ru-Rong Ji Department of Anesthesiology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA Department of Physiology and Biophysics College of Medicine Eulji University Daejeon Korea Pain Research Center Department of Anesthesiology University of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati OH 45267 USA D epartment of Physiology College of Medicine Gachon University Incheon Korea Department of Biochemistry Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA Department of Neurobiology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA

Voltage-gated sodium channels （Navs） play an important role in human pain sensation. However, the expression and role of Nav subtypes in native human sensory neurons are unclear. To address this issue, we obtained human dorsal root ganglion （hDRG） tissues from healthy donors. PCR analysis of seven DRG-expressed Nav subtypes revealed that the hDRG has higher expression of Navl.7 （,-~ 50% of total Nav expression） and lower expres- sion of Navl.8 （~ 12%）, whereas the mouse DRG has higher expression of Nav 1.8 （- 45%） and lower expression of Navl.7 （- 18%）. To mimic Nav regulation in chronic pain, we treated hDRG neurons in primary cultures with paclitaxel （0.1-1 μmol/L） for 24 h. Paclitaxel increased the Navl.7 but not Navl.8 expression and also increased the transient Na＋ currents and action potential firing frequency in small-diameter （〈50 ~tm） hDRG neurons. Thus, the hDRG provides a translational model in which to study ＂human pain in a dish＂ and test new pain therapeutics.

关键词： Dorsal root ganglion Neuropathic pain Paclitaxel Voltage-gated sodium channels