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Variation in the Flaring Potential of different Sunspot Groups during different Phases of Solar Cycles 23 and 24

research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第2期24卷 144-153页

作者： Abha singh Anurag Chaudhari Gyaneshwar Sharma A.K.singh department of Physics T.D.P.G.College Jaunpur-222002India department of Physics Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi-221005India

In this present study,we have analyzed different types of X-ray solar flares(C,M,and X classes)coming out from different classes of sunspot groups(SSGs).The data which we have taken under this study cover the duration of 24 yr from 1996 to *** this,we observed a total of 15015 flares(8417 in SC-23 and 6598 in SC-24)emitted from a total of 33780 active regions(21746 in SC-23 and 12034 in SC-24)with sunspot *** defined the flaring potential or flare-production potential as the ratio of the total number of flares produced from a particular type of SSG to the total number of the same-class SSGs observed on the solar *** we studied yearly changes in the flaring potential of different McIntosh class groups of sunspots in different phases of SC-23 and *** addition,we investigated yearly variations in the potential of producing flares by different SSGs(A,B,C,d,E,F,and H)during different phases(ascending,maximum,descending,and minimum)of SC-23 and *** are our findings:(1)d,E,and F SSGs have the potential of producing flares≥8 times greater than A,B,C and H SSGs;(2)The larger and more complex d,E,and F SSGs produced nearly 80%of flares in SC-23 and 24;(3)The A,B,C and H SSGs,which are smaller and simpler,produced only 20%of flares in SC-23 and 24;(4)The biggest and most complex SSGs of F-class have flaring potential 1.996 and 3.443 per SSG in SC-23 and 24,respectively.(5)The potential for producing flares in each SSG is higher in SC-24 than in SC-23,although SC-24 is a weaker cycle than SC-23.(6)The alterations in the number of flares(C+M+X)show different time profiles than the alterations in sunspot numbers during SC-23 and 24,with several peaks.(7)The SSGs of C,d,E,and H-class have the highest flaring potential in the descending phase of both SC-23 and 24.(8)F-class SSGs have the highest flaring potential in the descending phase of SC-23 but also in the maximum phase of SC-24.

关键词： (Sun:)sunspots-Sun flares-Sun activity-Sun magnetic fields-Sun filaments-prominences

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MXenes and heterostructures-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction:recent developments and future outlook

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 176-206页

作者： Abdul Hanan Hafiz Taimoor Ahmed Awan Faiza Bibi raja rafidah raja Sulaiman Wai Yin Wong rashmi Walvekar Seema singh Mohammad Khalid Sunway Centre for Electrochemical Energy and Sustainable Technology(SCEEST) School of Engineering and TechnologySunway UniversityNo.5 Jalan UniversitiBandar Sunway47500 Petaling JayaSelangorMalaysia Fuel Cell Institute Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM BangiSelangorMalaysia Faculty of Innovation and Technology School of EngineeringChemical Engineering ProgrammeNo.1 Jalan Taylor’sTaylor’s University Malaysia47500 Subang JayaSelangorMalaysia Chitkara Centre for research and development Chitkara UniversityHimachal Pradesh 174103India School of Applied and Life Sciences Uttaranchal UniversityDehradunUttarakhand 248007India Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal 576104KarnatakaIndia Centre of research Impact and Outcome Chitkara UniversityPunjab 140401India

The increasing focus on electrocatalysis for sustainable hydrogen(H_(2))production has prompted significant interest in MXenes,a class of two-dimensional(2d)materials comprising metal carbides,carbonitrides,and *** materials exhibit intriguing chemical and physical properties,including excellent electrical conductivity and a large surface area,making them attractive candidates for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HEr).This scientific review explores recent advancements in MXene-based electrocatalysts for HEr *** discusses various compositions,functionalities,and explicit design principles while providing a comprehensive overview of synthesis methods,exceptional properties,and electro-catalytic approaches for H_(2) production via electrochemical ***,challenges and future prospects in designing MXenes-based electrocatalysts with enhanced kinetics are highlighted,emphasizing the potential of incorporating different metals to expand the scope of electrochemical *** review suggests possible efforts for developing advanced MXenes-based electrocatalysts,particularly for efficient H_(2) generation through electrochemical water-splitting reactions..

关键词： MXenes Electrocatalyst Water Splitting Hydrogen Generation Clean Energy

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Influence of cerium ions on structure-dependent magnetic properties of Ba-Sr M-type hexaferrite nanocrystals

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Journal of rare Earths 2024年第2期42卷 364-372,I0005页

作者： ram A.Pawar Sunil M.Patange P.M.dighe Sher singh Meena Abdullah GAl-Sehemi Mehboobali Pannipara Santosh S.Jadhav department of Physics ArtsCommerce and Science CollegeAhmednagar413711MaharashtraIndia department of Physics Shri Krishna MahavidyalayaGunjotiDistOsmanabad413606MaharashtraIndia Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts Science and CommercePravaranagarA/P.Loni(Kd)Tal.RahataDistAhmednagar413713MaharashtraIndia Solid State Physics division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai400085MaharashtraIndia department of Chemistry King Khalid UniversityAbha61413Saudi Arabia department of Physics D.S.M's ArtsCommerce and Science CollegeJintur431509MaharashtraIndia

The present study is a systematic effort to investigate the structure-sensitive magnetic parameters of Ce^(3+) substituted Ba-Sr hexaferrite nanocrystals chemically formulated as Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Ce_(x)Fe_(12-x)O_(19) where x=0.0-0.2 with Δx=*** hexaferrite powders were prepared using the sol-gel self-ignition route and structurally characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared *** creation of the M-type hexaferrite phase within the synthesized samples was revealed from the rietveld refinement of the X-ray *** occurrence of a secondary phase of CeO_(2) was revealed within the hexaferrites for the substitution,x> *** refined X-ray diffraction data were utilized to compute the lattice parameters,X-ray density,and lattice parameter *** crystal structure plotted from the refined Xrd data reveals the occupancy of the ions at different lattice *** XPS data of the hexaferrite were analyzed to confirm the oxidation states of the constituent *** nanocrystalline nature of the hexaferrites was revealed from the crystallite sizes calculated using Scherer's *** analysis of FTIr spectra confirms that only a fraction of Ce^(3+)accommodated in the lattice and the remaining Ce content reside in the form of the CeO_(2) *** morphology of the hexaferrites was analyzed from the FESEM profiles of the ferrite *** magnetic behavior study was performed by analyzing the Curie temperature,hysteresis loops,and hyperfine interactions by means of susceptibility,V.S.M,and Mossbauer spectroscopy,*** hexaferrites with increasing coercivity,decreasing saturation magnetization,and decreasing Curie temperature are reported in the *** substituted Ce^(3+)ions inhibit the grain growth and create lattice imperfections giving rise to hexaferrites with tuned magnetic parameters suitable for different applications.

关键词： Ba-Sr hexaferrite Ce^(3+)substitution XPS Saturation magnetization Coercivity M?ssbauer spectroscopy

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Hybrid silver nanoparticles:Modes of synthesis and various biomedical applications

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Electron 2024年第2期2卷 196-218页

作者： Priyanka singh Shivang singh Balaji Maddiboyina SaiKrishna Kandalam Tomasz Walski raghvendra A.Bohara Centre for Interdisciplinary research D.Y.Patil Educational SocietyKolhapurIndia department of Internal Medicine Rauta Hospital Pvt.LtdGaighatUdayapurNepal department of Medical and Scientific Communications Scientific Writing ServicesFreyr Global Regulatory Solutions&ServicesHyderabadTelanganaIndia INSErM U 1066 ‘Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques-MINT’AngersFrance UniversitéAngers UMR-S1066AngersFrance department of Biomedical Engineering Wroclaw University of Science and TechnologyWroclawPoland University of Galway

In the present day,there is a growing trend of employing new strategies to synthesize hybrid nanoparticles,which involve combining various functionalities into a single nanocomposite *** modern methods differ significantly from the traditional classical approaches and have emerged at the forefront of materials *** fabrication of hybrid nanomaterials presents an unparalleled opportunity for applica-tions in a wide range of areas,including therapy to *** focus of this review article is to shed light on the different modalities of hybrid nanoparticles,providing a concise description of hybrid silver nano-particles,exploring various modes of synthesis and classification of hybrid silver nanoparticles,and highlighting their ***-tionally,we discussed core-shell silver nanoparticles and various types of core and shell combinations based on the material category,such as dielectric,metal,or *** two primary classes of hybrid silver nanoparticles were also ***,various hybrid nanoparticles and their methods of synthesis were discussed but we emphasize silica as a suitable candidate for hybridization alongside metal *** choice is due to its hydrophilic surface qualities and high surface charge,which provide the desired repulsive forces to minimize aggregation between the metal nanoparticles in the liquid *** shell encapsulation also provides chemical inertness,robustness and the adaptability to the desired hybrid ***,among all the materials used to coat metal nanoparticles;silica is highly approved.

关键词： biomedical applications hybrid silver nanoparticles polyvinylpyrrolidone silica shell surface enhanced raman spectroscopy

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Impact of frailty on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography outcomes in nonagenarians:A United States national experience

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第3期16卷 148-156页

作者： Sanket dhirubhai Basida dushyant singh dahiya Muhammad Nadeem Yousaf Brinda Basida Bhanu Siva Mohan Pinnam Manesh Kumar Gangwani Hassam Ali Sahib singh Yash r Shah daksh Ahluwalia Mihir Prakash Shah Saurabh Chandan Neil r Sharma Shyam Thakkar department of Internal Medicine University of Missouri-ColumbiaColumbiaMO 65212United States division of Gastroenterology Hepatology&MotilityThe University of Kansas School of MedicineKansas CityKS 66160United States division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65212United States department of rheumatology Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityNorth AugustaGA 30912United States department of Internal Medicine John H.Stroger Hospital of Cook CountyChicagoIL 60612United States department of Internal Medicine The University of ToledoToledoOH 43606United States division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology East Carolina University/Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27858United States department of Internal Medicine Sinai HospitalBaltimoreMD 21215United States department of Internal Medicine Trinity Health Oakland/Wayne State UniversityPontiacMI 48341United States division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Creighton University School of MedicineOmahaNE 68131United States division of Interventional Oncology&Surgical Endoscopy GI Oncology Tumor Site TeamParkview Cancer InstituteParkview HealthFort WayneIN 46845United States Section of Gastroenterology&Hepatology West Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownWV 26505United States

BACKGrOUNd Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ErCP)is an essential therapeutic tool for biliary and pancreatic *** and elderly patients,especially those aged≥90 years are generally considered a higher-risk population for ErCP-related *** To investigate outcomes of ErCP in the Non-agenarian population(≥90 years)concerning *** This is a cohort study using the 2018-2020 National readmission *** aged≥90 were identified who underwent ErCP,using the international classification of diseases-10 code with clinical *** Hopkins’s adjusted clinical groups frailty indicator was used to classify patients as frail and *** primary outcome was mortality,and the secondary outcomes were morbidity and the 30 d readmission rate related to *** used univariate and multivariate regression models for *** A total of 9448 patients were admitted for any indications of *** and non-frail patients were 3445(36.46%)and 6003(63.53%)*** for ErCP were Choledocholithiasis(74.84%),Biliary pancreatitis(9.19%),Pancreatico-biliary cancer(7.6%),Biliary stricture(4.84%),and Cholangitis(1.51%).Mortality rates were higher in frail group[adjusted odds ratio(aOr)=1.68,P=0.02].The Intra-procedural complications were insigni-ficant between the two groups which included bleeding(aOr=0.72,P=0.67),accidental punctures/lacerations(aOr=0.77,P=0.5),and mechanical ventilation rates(aOr=1.19,P=0.6).Post-ErCP complication rate was similar for bleeding(aOr=0.72,P=0.41)and post-ErCP pancreatitis(aOr=1.4,P=0.44).Frail patients had a longer length of stay(6.7 d vs 5.5 d)and higher mean total charges of hospitalization($78807 vs$71392)compared to controls(Pd all-cause readmission rates between frail and non-frail patients were similar(P=0.96).CONCLUSION There was a significantly higher mortality risk and healthcare burden amongst nonagenarian frail patients undergoing ErCP compared

关键词： Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Nonagenarians Frailty Mortality Healthcare burden

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Liquid Metal Grid Patterned Thin Film devices Toward Absorption‑dominant and Strain‑Tunable Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第11期16卷 541-553页

作者： Yuwen Wei Priyanuj Bhuyan Suk Jin Kwon Sihyun Kim Yejin Bae Mukesh singh duy Thanh Tran Minjeong Ha Kwang‑Un Jeong Xing Ma Byeongjin Park Sungjune Park department of Polymer‑Nano Science and Technology Department of Nano Convergence EngineeringJeonbuk National UniversityJeonju 54896Republic of Korea School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)Suwon 16419Republic of Korea Composites research division Korea Institute of Materials ScienceChangwon 51508Republic of Korea School of Materials Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju 61005Republic of Korea School of Materials Science and Engineering and Sauvage Laboratory for Smart MaterialsHarbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)ShenzhenGuangdong 518055People’s Republic of China

The demand of high-performance thin-film-shaped deformable electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding devices is increasing for the next generation of wearable and miniaturized soft *** highly reflective conductive materials can effectively shield EMI,they prevent deformation of the devices owing to rigidity and generate secondary electromagnetic pollution ***,soft and stretchable EMI shielding thin film devices with absorption-dominant EMI shielding behavior is *** devices consist of liquid metal(LM)layer and LM grid-patterned layer separated by a thin elastomeric film,fabricated by leveraging superior adhesion of aerosol-deposited LM on *** devices demonstrate high electromagnetic shielding effectiveness(SE)(SE_(T) of up to 75 dB)with low reflectance(SEr of 1.5 dB at the resonant frequency)owing to EMI absorption induced by multiple internal reflection generated in the LM grid ***,the excellent stretchability of the LM-based devices facilitates tunable EMI shielding abilities through grid space adjustment upon strain(resonant frequency shift from 81.3 to 71.3 GHz@33%strain)and is also capable of retaining shielding effectiveness even after multiple strain *** newly explored device presents an advanced paradigm for powerful EMI shielding performance for next-generation smart electronics.

关键词： Absorption-dominant electromagnetic interference shielding Liquid metals Soft and stretchable electronics Thin film devices Tunable electromagnetic interference shielding

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Antibiotics Misuse and Antimicrobial resistance development in Agriculture:A Global Challenge

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Environment & Health 2024年第9期2卷 618-622页

作者： Baljit singh Abhijnan Bhat Kamna ravi MiCrA Biodiagnostics Technology Gateway Technological University Dublin(TU Dublin)Dublin D24 FKT9Ireland Health Engineering&Materials Science(HEMS)Research HubTechnological University Dublin(TU Dublin)Dublin D24 FKT9Ireland

INTrOdUCTION Antibiotics or antimicrobials are medications that are used to treat infections in animals or people by either killing or inhibiting the growth of microorganisms that cause *** are composed of medications such as antibiotics,antifungals,antivirals,anthelmintics,etc.,all of which are critical in safeguarding human and animal health and *** of the most widely known and important breakthroughs in the history of medicine was the discovery of antibiotics.

关键词： medication inhibiting breakthrough

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robust Facial Biometric Authentication System Using Pupillary Light reflex for Liveness detection of Facial Images

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 725-739页

作者： Puja S.Prasad Adepu Sree Lakshmi Sandeep Kautish Simar Preet singh rajesh Kumar Shrivastava Abdulaziz S.Almazyad Hossam M.Zawbaa Ali Wagdy Mohamed CSE department Geethanjali College of EngineeringHyderabadTelangana501301India department of Computer Science LBEF CampusKathmandu44600Nepal School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology(SCSET) Bennett UniversityGreater Noida201310India department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia CeAdAr Ireland’s Centre for AI Technological University DublinDublinD07 EWV4Ireland Operations research department Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical ResearchCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Applied Science research Center Applied Science Private UniversityAmman11937Jordan

Pupil dynamics are the important characteristics of face spoofing *** face recognition system is one of the most used biometrics for authenticating individual *** main threats to the facial recognition system are different types of presentation attacks like print attacks,3d mask attacks,replay attacks,*** proposed model uses pupil characteristics for liveness detection during the authentication *** pupillary light reflex is an involuntary reaction controlling the pupil’s diameter at different light *** proposed framework consists of two-phase *** the first phase,the pupil’s diameter is calculated by applying stimulus(light)in one eye of the subject and calculating the constriction of the pupil size on both eyes in different video *** above measurement is converted into feature space using Kohn and Clynes model-defined *** Support Vector Machine is used to classify legitimate subjects when the diameter change is normal(or when the eye is alive)or illegitimate subjects when there is no change or abnormal oscillations of pupil behavior due to the presence of printed photograph,video,or 3d mask of the subject in front of the *** the second phase,we perform the facial recognition ***-invariant feature transform(SIFT)is used to find the features from the facial images,with each feature having a size of a 128-dimensional *** features are scale,rotation,and orientation invariant and are used for recognizing facial *** brute force matching algorithm is used for matching features of two different *** threshold value we considered is 0.08 for good *** analyze the performance of the framework,we tested our model in two Face antispoofing datasets named replay attack datasets and CASIA-SUrF datasets,which were used because they contain the videos of the subjects in each sample having three modalities(rGB,Ir,depth).The CASIA-SUrF datasets showed an 89.9%Equal Err

关键词： SIFT pupil CASIA-SUrF pupillary light reflex replay attack dataset brute force

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Cellulose-based smart materials:Novel synthesis techniques,properties,and applications in energy storage and conversion devices

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Electron 2024年第2期2卷 159-195页

作者： Pariksha Bishnoi Samarjeet singh Siwal Vijay Kumar Thakur department of Chemistry M.M.Engineering CollegeMaharishi Markandeshwar(Deemed to be University)Mullana-AmbalaHaryanaIndia Biorefining and Advanced Materials research Center Scotland's Rural College(SRUC)EdinburghUK 3School of WaterEnergy and EnvironmentCranfield UniversityCranfieldUK

There has been a significant scope toward the cutting-edge in-vestigations in hierarchical carbon nanostructured electrodes originating from cellulosic materials,such as cellulose nanofibers,available from natural cellulose and bacterial *** of energy storage systems(ESSs)are typically established upon inorganic/metal mixtures,carbonaceous implications,and petroleum-derived hydrocarbon ***,these conventional substances may need help fulfilling the ever-increasing needs of *** has grown significantly as an impressive 1d element due to its natural availability,eco-friend-liness,recyclability,structural identity,simple transformation,and dimensional ***,in this review article,we have discussed the role and overview of cellulose-based hydrogels in ***,the extraction sources and solvents used for dissolution have been dis-cussed in ***,the properties(such as self-healing,trans-parency,strength and swelling behavior),and applications(such as flexible batteries,fuel cells,solar cells,flexible supercapacitors and carbon-based derived from cellulose)in energy storage devices and conclusion with existing challenges have been updated with recent findings.

关键词： batteries cellulose-based materials energy storage devices fuel cells hydrogels supercapacitors

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Atomic dispersed Hetero‑Pairs for Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第1期16卷 55-67页

作者： Zhaoyong Jin Meiqi Yang Yilong dong Xingcheng Ma Ying Wang Jiandong Wu Jinchang Fan dewen Wang rongshen Xi Xiao Zhao Tianyi Xu Jingxiang Zhao Lei Zhang david J.singh Weitao Zheng Xiaoqiang Cui State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control School of Materials Science and EngineeringKey Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOEElectron Microscopy CenterJilin UniversityChangchun 130012People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials Ministry of Educationand College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Normal UniversityHarbin 150025People’s Republic of China College of Chemistry Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012People’s Republic of China department of Physics and Astronomy and department of Chemistry University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA

Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)rr)involves a variety of intermediates with highly correlated reaction and ad-desorption energies,hindering optimization of the catalytic *** example,increasing the binding of the*COOH to the active site will generally increase the*CO desorption *** this relationship may be expected to dramatically improve the intrinsic activity of CO_(2)rr,but remains an unsolved ***,we addressed this conundrum by constructing a unique atomic dispersed hetero-pair consisting of Mo-Fe di-atoms anchored on N-doped carbon *** system shows an unprecedented CO_(2)rr intrinsic activity with TOF of 3336 h−1,high selectivity toward CO production,Faradaic efficiency of 95.96%at−0.60 V and excellent *** calculations show that the Mo-Fe diatomic sites increased the*COOH intermediate adsorption energy by bridging adsorption of*COOH *** the same time,d-d orbital coupling in the Mo-Fe di-atom results in electron delocalization and facilitates desorption of*CO ***,the undesirable correlation between these steps is *** work provides a promising approach,specifically the use of di-atoms,for breaking unfavorable relationships based on understanding of the catalytic mechanisms at the atomic scale.

关键词： CO_(2)reduction reaction Atomic dispersed catalyst Hetero-diatomic pair Ad-desorption energy Linear scaling relation

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