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Positive interactions can produce species-rich communities and increase species turnover through time

Journal of Plant Ecology 2012年第4期5卷 417-421页

作者： Youshi Wang M.d.Farnon Ellwood Fernando TMaestre Zhiyong Yang Gang Wang Chengjin Chu MOE Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems Research School of Arid Environment and Climate ChangeLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China department of Zoology University of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridge CB23EJUK Area de Biodiversidad y Conservacion Departamento de Biología y GeologíaESCETUniversidad Rey Juan Carlosc/Tulipan s/n28933 MostolesSpain State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Aims The process of facilitation,where a species increases the survival,growth,and fitness of another species,is becoming increasingly recognized as a critical factor in shaping the structure of plant *** process is particularly important in stressful *** few studies have attempted to incorporate positive interactions into community ecological theories such as the neutral theory of ***,we use an equalizing trade-off model as a foundation to study the potential impact of facilitation on species richness and community temporal *** Based on a spatially explicit birth–death trade-off model,we assume that the occurrence of facilitation is dependent on the presence of interspecific *** further propose that the realized birth rate for a given individual subject to facilitation is proportional to the number of interspecific neighbours within its ***,in our model,the individuals of rare species will benefit more from the existence of heterospecific individuals than common *** Findings As the facilitative coefficient increased,the species richness for simulated communities at the dynamically stochastic equilibrium was also *** also demonstrated that facilitation could increase the replacement of species through time:communities with facilitation become more dissimilar(*** smaller Bray–Curtis similarity values)than communities without or with a lower degree of facilitation after the same time *** from interspecific neighbours on rare species increased their population sizes and consequently made them less prone to extinction,thus enhancing species ***,in a saturated community,with the increase of species richness,mean population size of entire communities decreased,making species more prone to extinction on average,and thus increased the community temporal *** results suggest that future experimental work on the effect of

关键词： Bray–Curtis similarity index positive interactions species coexistence species temporal turnover

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Einstein’s Concept of Clock Synchronization Conflicts with the Second Relativity Postulate

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第7期15卷 985-1000页

作者： Steven d. deines donatech Corporation Inc. Fairfield Iowa USA

Einstein defined clock synchronization whenever photon pulses with timetags traverse a fixed distance between two clocks with equal time spans ineither direction. Using the second relativity postulate, he found clocksmounted on a rod uniformly moving parallel with the rod’s length cannot besynchronized, but clocks attached to a stationary rod can. He dismissed thisdiscrepancy by claiming simultaneity and clock synchronization were not commonbetween inertial frames, but this paper proves with both Galilean and Lorentztransformations that simultaneity and clock synchronization are preservedbetween inertial frames. His derivation means moving clocks can never besynchronized in a “resting” inertial frame. Ultraprecise atomic clocks intimekeeping labs daily contradict his results. No algebraic error occurred inEinstein’s derivations. The two cases of clocksattached to a rod reveal three major conflicts with the currentsecond postulate. The net velocity between a photon source and detector plusthe “universal” velocity c is mathematically equivalent toEinstein’s clock synchronization method. As the ultraprecise timekeepingcommunity daily synchronizes atomic clocks on the moving Earth withultraprecise time uncertainty well below Einstein’s lowest limit ofsynchronization, the theoretical resolution of the apparent conflict isaccomplished by expanding the second relativity postulate to incorporate thenet velocity between the photon source and detector with the emitted velocity c as components of the total velocity c. This means the magnitudeof the total photon velocity can exceed the speed limit (299792458 m/s) set by the standard velocity c. .

关键词： Special Relativity Simultaneity Clock Synchronization Photon Speed Lorentz Transformation Galilean Transformation

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Controlled LEd Lighting for Horticulture: A Review

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第2期13卷 175-188页

作者： Emmanouil d. Fylladitakis Electrical & Electronic Engineering department Faculty of Engineering University of West Attica Athens Greece

As energy gradually becomes a more valuable commodity, the desire for reduced energy losses strengthens. Lighting is a critical field on this matter, as it accounts for a large percentage of the global electricity consumption and modern lighting systems are greatly more efficient than incandescent, discharge, and fluorescent lights. Previous research has proven that plants do not require the entire visible spectrum but react only to specific wavelengths, making it possible to control their growth and yield via artificial lighting. The flexibility of control of Light Emitting diode (LEd) lights allows for the combination of great energy losses reduction and controlled plant growth, achieving the improvement of two major parameters in a single action. This review paper summarizes the current research on the effect different light wavelengths have on specific plant species and discusses the applications of LEd lighting for horticulture, yield storage, and disease protection.

关键词： Horticulture Lighting Agriculture Lighting Controlled LEd Light Light Wavelength Effects Light Spectrum Vegetables Crops Photoreceptors

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Making drug discovery More Efficient Applying Statistical Entropy to Biology

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Journal of Modern Physics 2020年第12期11卷 1969-1976页

作者： Philip d. Houck department of Medicine (division of Cardiology) Baylor Scott & White Health Temple TX USA

Biology without governing principle makes predications impossible. Observations lead to some successful therapies, and to unexpected failures. Erwin Schrödinger attempted to quantify biology with the concept of negative entropy. These insights lead to fundamental principles of biologic entropy. The quantification of negative entropy is difficult to calculate since the number of parts of the body and the way these parts are arranged is very large (atomistic disorder). There can be approximations that answer questions such as why females live longer, and why a lower body temperature predicts longevity. This concept can reveal the culprit of diabetes II;understanding the microbiome can reduce its entropy by increasing the entropy of its host. The real advantage of statistical entropy is finding new drugs and predicting viral mutations based on energetics and negative entropy. The misfolding of a protein will increase the entropy of an individual with the result of early death. The calculations of biologic entropy require the knowledge of each developmental step, and the statistical possibilities of the next step. If the step is crucial to maintain low entropy, a carrier protein will assure the energetics of the step is favorable. This protein is the target of new therapies.

关键词： Negative Entropy Quantification of Biology Carrier Proteins drug development

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Are They Watching: Pedagogical Influence of Role Modeling on Student Competence, Confidence, and Clinical Reasoning

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Open Journal of Nursing 2022年第6期12卷 411-427页

作者： Gwen d. Erlam School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary Studies Auckland University of Technology (AUT) Auckland New Zealand

Background: This article examines the effects of role modeling used as an educational scaffold in simulation. Students requested an exemplar of what was expected before entering the simulation scenario. Three expert nurses were filmed managing a deteriorating patient scenario with these videos then used in pre-briefing with undergraduate nursing students. Method: Action research is employed with undergraduate nursing students (n = 161) who acted as co-researchers in that they are asked for changes in simulation which will improve their learning in the areas of knowledge acquisition, skill development, critical thinking, and communication. Three action research cycles were employed with feedback from each cycle informing the next. Results: The use of an expert role modeling video as a prebriefing educational scaffold strengthened professional competence, clinical reasoning and judgment, and professional confidence. Furthermore, designing roles within the simulation allowed students to gain competence in managing one small piece of the overall situation. Conclusion: This research highlights the effectiveness of pre-briefing video clips in enhancing student learning with undergraduate nurses. These abilities are essential in order to provide safe and competent care, and to encourage professional identity/development in undergraduate nurses.

关键词： Educational Scaffold Simulation Modeling deteriorating Patient Action Research Situated Teaching

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Synchronous gastric adenocarcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic diseases International 2010年第1期9卷 97-99页

作者： Mirko Muroni Francesco d'Angelo Massimo Pezzatini Simone Sebastiani Samantha Noto Emanuela Pilozzi Giovanni Ramacciato department of General Surgery La Sapienza University of RomeSecond School of MedicineSt.Andrea Hospital department of Pathology La Sapienza University of RomeSecond School of MedicineSt.Andrea Hospital

BACKGROUNd:The association between gastric and pancreatic carcinoma is a relatively rare *** gastric carcinoma patients,the prevalence of second tumors varies 2.8% to 6.8% according to the reported *** cancer associated with pancreatic cancer is ***:We report a case of a 73-year-old patient hospitalized for vomiting and weight *** demonstrated an ulcerative lesion of the gastric *** tomography and magnetic resonance showed a gastric thickening in the antral and pyloric portion and a nodular mass (3×1.7 cm) in the uncinate portion of the ***:The patient underwent pancreaticoduoden-ectomy according to Whipple regional type Ⅰ *** examination of the specimen demonstrated a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach and a poorly differentiated ductal adenocarcinoma of the ***:Long survival is rare in patients with associated gastric and pancreatic *** resection remains the only potentially curative treatment.

关键词： synchronous double cancer gastric carcinoma pancreatic carcinoma

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The Wave Function Cannot Be a Real Wave—Then, Can We Speak of an Ontology of Particles?

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Journal of Quantum Information Science 2022年第4期12卷 99-110页

作者： Sofia d. Wechsler Independent Researcher Kiryat Motzkin Israel

Is the wave-function a physical reality traveling through our apparatus? Is it a real wave, or it is only a mathematical tool for calculating probabilities of results of measurements? different interpretations of the quantum mechanics (QM) assume different answers to this question. It is shown in this article that the assumption that the wave-function is a real wave entails a contradiction with the predictions of the QM, when the special relativity is invoked. Therefore, this text concentrates on interpretations that conjecture that the reality that moves in our apparatuses is particles, and they move under the constraints of the wave-function. The de Broglie-Bohm interpretation, which matches this picture, assumes that the particle travels along a continuous trajectory. However, the idea of continuous trajectories was proved to lead to a contradiction with the quantum predictions. Therefore this interpretation is not considered here. S. Gao conjectured that the particle is in a permanent random and discontinuous motion (RdM). As it jumps all the time from place to place, the total set of occupied positions at a certain time is given by the absolute square of the wave-function. As motivation for his idea, Gao argued that if a charged particle were simultaneously in two or more locations at the same time, the copies of the particle would repel one another, destroying the wave-function. It is proved here that the quantum formalism renders this motivation wrong. Although refuting this motivation, the RdM interpretation is examined here. A couple of problems of this interpretation are examined and it is proved that they don’t lead to any observable contradictions with the QM predictions, except one problem which seems to have no solution. In all, it appears that none of the wide-spread interpretations of the QM is free of contradictions.

关键词： Quantum Mechanics Quantum Particle Ontology Self-Interaction Instantaneous Condition Special Relativity

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Relations among High-frequency Magnetic Properties and Frequency in Nanocrystalline Fe_(72.5)Cu_1Nb_2V_2Si_(13.5)B_9 Alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 1999年第1期15卷 83-86页

作者： Yanzhong ZHANG(Major R & d Lab. for Functional Metal Materials, Research Centre, Shanghai Iron and Steel Research Institute,Shanghai 200940, China) Major R and d Lab. for Functional Metal Materials Research Centre Shanghai Iron and Steel Research Institute Shanghai 200940 China

High-frequency magnetic properties, such as core loss, coercivity and amplitude permeabilityof a newly-developed nanocrystalline Fe72.5Cu1Nb2V2Si13.5B9 alloy in the wide ranges of f =20-103 kHz, Bm = 0.01~0.6 T and Bmf = 10~40 (***) have been measured. A largeamount of experimental data have been fitted by a computer, thus obtaining several expressionsrepresenting the influence of frequency on high-frequency magnetic properties, that are useful inpractical applications.

关键词： Cu1Nb2V2Si B9 Alloy Relations among High-frequency Magnetic Properties and Frequency in Nanocrystalline Fe kHz Fe Si

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INVESTIGATION OF SURFACE MORPHOLOGY, STRUCTURE ANd ELECTROCATALYTIC PROPERTIES FOR O_2 EVOLUTION OF TITANIUM BASEd IrO_2+Ta_2O_5 COATINGS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2000年第3期13卷 849-856页

作者： J.M Hu J.X. Wu H.M Meng YR. Zhu d.B. Sun and d.J. Yang(Beijing Corrosion and Protection Center, Open Laboratory of Corrosion, Erosion and Surface Technology,University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China) Univ of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China

Titanium based IrO2 +Ta2O5 oxide anodes with different compositions and pyrolysis temperatures were prepared by termodecompoisition method. By using X-ray diffraction (XRd), the structure and texture coefficient of the coatings, TC(hkl), of IrO2 rutile crystal have been tested. It showed that, the crystallization processes of IrO2 and Ta2O5 in xIrO2 +(100-x) Ta2 O5 (x is in mol%) films affected and confined each *** the mixed system, IrO2 rutile phase existed as a solid solution with Ta, and attained the maximum solubility when x=70mol%, i.e. for the coating of 70% IrO2 +*** the coatings of low iridium content or at low preparing tem pemture, (110) and (101) pwtered orientations were dominant. However, preferred growth of IrO2 weakened with increasing either iridium content or temperature. Three typical surface morphologies were observed by using scanning electron tnicroscopy(SEM). The crystallite size of the mixed oxide coatings were finest for the the film of 70%IrO2 +30%Ta2O5,and decreased with the pyrolysis tempemture. As the results of the finest crystallite segregating on sudece and the maxitnum solid solubility of Ir and Ta component in deposits, the coatings with the composition of 70%IrO2 +Ta2O5 prepared at 450℃ presented the mdrimutn electrocatalgtic activitg for O2 evolution in 0. 5M H2SO4 *** to 550℃, Ti base suffered to oxidation resulting in decreasing anode conductivity,therefore, coatings performed a low activity.

关键词： titanium based coating anode iridium oxide tantalum oxide,solid solution crystallite orientation electrocatalytic activity

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taTME:boom or bust?

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Gastroenterology Report 2020年第1期8卷 1-4,I0001页

作者： Liang Kang Patricia Sylla Sam Atallah Massaki Ito Steven d.Wexner Jian-Ping Wang department of Colorectal Surgery Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor DiseasesThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R.China division of Colon and Rectal Surgery Department of SurgeryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA The College of Medicine Endo-Surgical Center of FloridaDepartment of Colorectal SurgeryFlorida HospitalOrlandoFLUSA Colorectal and Pelvic Surgery division Department of Surgical OncologyNational Cancer Center Hospital EastKashiwaChibaJapan department of Colorectal Surgery Cleveland Clinic FloridaWestonFLUSA

Since Sylla et al.[1]introduced transanal total mesorectal excision(taTME)in 2010,there has been rapid global uptake of this approach,predicated upon the postulated advantage of improved visualization of and access to the deep pelvic *** approach has been proposed for locally adries have demonstrated the procedural safety and short-and long-term oncologic adequacy of taTME in carefully selected patients,when performed by experienced high-volume taTME surgeons[1–7].

关键词： anatomy carefully experienced

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