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集成电路应用 2005年第9期22卷 43-49页

作者： N.kumar S.Chu d.L.diehl K.Maekawa K.Mori K.Kobayashi M.Yoneda Applied Materials Inc. Thin Films Group Applied Materials Japan Inc. Thin Films Group Process development department Process Technology Development DivisionProduction and Technology UnitRenesas Technology Corp.

As interconnects shrink beyond 90nm node, the presence of etch residues can createhigh via resistance and void nucleation during stress migration (SM) testing. Physical Ar+ preclean is effectivein removing residues, but early SM failures have been seen due to Cu resputter from underlying *** preclean methods show promise in reducing Cuox and cleaning Si, N, F, C,o etch residues inpresence of H+, H* species. In this paper, reactive preclean and PVd PunchThru process (deposit-etch-deposit) is proposed as solution to conventional *** PunchThru process reduces via resistance, improves SM and protects dual-damascene beveland unlanded vias from Cu diffusion by presence of thin Ta deposition step. In addition, the U-shaped interface,which minimizes electron crowding and localized heating effects, increases the mean time to failureby electromigration. Consistent, repeatable blanket film property and good parametric electrical test resultshave proven the production worthiness of this process.

关键词：集成电路芯片制造工艺封装技术

Effect of pre-soaking and pre-chilling treatments on seed germination of Pinus roxburghii provenances from western Himalaya, India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2009年第4期20卷 323-330,I0005页

作者： Sunil kumar Ghildiyal Chandra Mohan Sharma Vinod Prasad Khanduri department of Botany HNB Garhwal University department of Forestry Mizoram University

After subjecting the seeds to GA3 and H2o2 treatments for 24 h and chilling at 2-3℃ for a period.of 15 days, we conducted the seed germination tests for 21 different seed sources ofPinns roxburghii from western-central Himalaya under laboratory conditions at various temperatures viz., 20℃, 25℃ and 30℃ inside a seed germinator. The results reveal that the soaking of seeds in H2o2 （1% v/v） and GA3 （ 10 mg.L^-1） solutions manifested 82.39% and 78.19% germination, respectively whereas untreated seeds exhibited 70.79% average germination. Both GA3 and H2o2 treatments caused an appreciable shortening of the germination period by 8 days and 10 days, respectively. Moist-chilling did improve the rate and percentage of germination when germinated at 20℃ over 21 days; however total germination was not affected at temperatures 25℃ and 30℃, Although the seeds of P. roxburghii germinate well due to lack of dor- mancy, the increasing demand for large quantities of seeds of P. roxburghii for reforestation programmes make pre-sowing treatments useful in improving the rate and percentage of gemaination.

关键词： seed germination seed sources provenances temperature GA3 H2o2 chilling chit pine Pinus roxburghii Himalaya

Peak-Average-Power Ratio Techniques for 5G Waveforms Using d-SLM and d-PTS

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第5期45卷 1199-1210页

作者： Himanshu Sharma karthikeyan Rajagopal G.Gugapriya Rajneesh Pareek Arun kumar HayaMesfer Alshahrani Mohamed K.Nour Hany Mahgoub Mohamed Mousa Anwer Mustafa Hilal department of Computer Science&Engineering JECRC UniversityJaipurIndia Centre for Nonlinear Systems Chennai Institute of TechnologyChennaiIndia School of Electronics Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyChennaiIndia department of Electronics and Communication Engineering JECRC UniversityJaipurIndia department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia department of Computer Science College of Computing and Information SystemUmm Al-Qura UniversitySaudi Arabia department of Computer Science College of Science&Art at MahayilKing Khalid UniversitySaudi Arabia Electrical Engineering department Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyFuture University in EgyptNew Cairo11845Egypt department of Computer and Self development Preparatory Year DeanshipPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlKharjSaudi Arabia

Multicarrier Waveform(MCW)has several advantages and plays a very important role in cellular *** generation(5G)MCW such as Non-orthogonal Multiple Access(NoMA)and Filter Bank Multicarrier(FBMC)are thought to be important in 5G *** Peak to Average Power Ratio(PAPR)is seen as a serious concern in MCW since it reduces the efficiency of amplifier use in the user *** paper presents a novel divergence Selective Mapping(dSLM)and divergence Partial Transmission Sequence(d-PTS)for 5G *** is seen that the proposed d-SLM and PTS lower PAPR with low computational *** work highlighted a combination of multi-data block partial transmit schemes along with tone *** this,an overlapping factor is used to determine the number of data blocks for every ***,considering only those data blocks that have minimum signal power,the use of dSLM and dPTS are required to eliminate the segment’s *** results reveal that the suggested hybrid technique proves to be better than the conventional PTS ***,the power saving performance of FBMC and NoMA is compared with the orthogonal Frequency division Multiplexing(oFdM)waveform.

关键词： 5G PAPR d-SLM d-PTS

dual role of lipids for genome stability and pluripotency facilitates full potency of mouse embryonic stem cells

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蛋白质与细胞:英文版 2023年第8期14卷 591-602页

作者： Liangwen Zhong Miriam Gordillo Xingyi Wang Yiren Qin Yuanyuan Huang Alexey Soshnev Ritu kumar Gouri Nanjangud daylon James C.david Allis Todd Evans Bryce Carey duancheng Wen department of Reproductive Medicine Ronald O.Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065USA department of Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College1300 York AvenueNew YorkNY 10065USA Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNY 10065USA Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring HarborNY 11724USA Molecular Cytogenetics Core.Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New YorkNY 10065USA department of Neuroscience Developmental and Regenerative BiologyUniversity of Texas at San AntonioOne UTSA CircleSan AntonioTX 78249USA Gladstone Institutes 1650 Owens StSan FranciscoCA94158USA

While Mek1/2 and Gsk3βinhibition("2i")supports the maintenance of murine embryonic stem cells(EsCs)in a homogenous naive state,prolonged culture in 2i results in aneuploidy and dNA hypomethylation that impairs developmental ***,2i fails to support derivation and culture of fully potent female *** we find that mouse ESCs cultured in 2i/LIF supplemented with lipid-rich albumin(AlbuMAx)undergo pluripotency transition yet maintain genomic stability and full potency over long-term ***,lipids in AlbuMAx impact intracellular metabolism including nucleotide biosynthesis,lipid biogenesis,and TCA cycle intermediates,with enhanced expression of dNMT3s that prevent dNA *** induce a formative-like pluripotent state through direct stimulation of Erk2 phosphorylation,which also alleviates X chromosome loss in female ***,both male and female"all-ESc"mice can be generated from de novo derived ESCs using AlbuMAXbased *** findings underscore the importance of lipids to pluripotency and link nutrient cues to genome integrity in early development.

关键词： mouse pluripotent stem cells lipids pluripotency transition genomic stability developmental potency nucleotide pool depletion 2i medium X chromosome loss femaleall-EsC mice

Acute Toxicity and Card.o-Respiratory Effects of 2-d.oxy-d-Glucose: A Promising Rad.o Sensitiser

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2006年第2期19卷 96-103页

作者： R.VIJAYARAGHAVAN d.o kumar SN dUBE R.SINGH KS.PANdEY BC.BAG MP.KAUSHIK K.SEKHAR BS.dWARAKANATH T.RAVINdRANATH defence Research and development Establishment Gwalior-474002 Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences Delhi-110054 India

objective To evaluate the acute toxicity of 2-d.oxy-d-glucose （2dG） by oral （p.o.） and intravenous （i.v.） routes, and also the card.o-respiratory effects following high doses of 2dG in animal models. Methods The Ld50 of 2dG （in water） was determined in rats and mice by p.o. route and in mice by i.v. route. The effect of 2-dG （250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg, i.v.） was studied.on various card.o-respiratory parameters viz., mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate in anaesthetised rats. The effect of 2dG （500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg, p.o.） was also studied.on various respiratory parameters viz., respiratory rate and tidal volume in conscious rats and mice using a computer program. Results The p.o. Ld50 of 2dG was found to be 〉8000 mg/kg in mice and rats, and at this dose no death was observed. The Ld50 in mice by i.v. route was found to be 8000 mg/kg. At this dose 2 out of 4 mice died and the death occurred within 6 h. A significant increase in the body weight was observed after p.o. administration of 2dG in rats at 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg doses. There was no significant change in the body weight at 4000 mg/kg and 8000 mg/kg by the p.o. route in rats and up to 8000 mg/kg by p.o. as well as i.v. routes in mice. Intravenous administration of 2dG （250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg） in anaesthetised rats showed a time-dependent decrease in the mean arterial blood pressure. There was no change in the heart rate in any of the treatment groups. The tidal volume was not changed significantly by p.o administration in conscious rats, but a significant decrease in the respiratory frequency at 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg doses was observed. In the mice also there was no change in the tidal volume after p.o, administration, but the respiratory frequency decreased significantly at 2000 mg/kg dose. Conclusion 2dG is a safe compound but can cause a fall in the blood pressure and a decrease in respiratory frequency at high doses.

关键词： 2-d.oxy-d-glucose Glucose analogue Rad.o sensitizer Acute toxicity Blood pressure Heart rate Respiration

Extraction and Enrichment of Copper by Liquid Emulsion Membrane Using LIX 664N

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第17期5卷 1611-1617页

作者： Rashmi kumar dahyalal J. Shah Krishna Kant Tiwari d. J. Sanghvi College of Engineering Mumbai India Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering (NMIMS) Mumbai India Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology (Guna) Madhya Pradesh India

Process intensification using liquid emulsion membranes (LEMs) for extraction of copper has been studied in this work. In LEM process the extraction and stripping processes are combined in one stage. The solubility of the solute or the chemical affinity between the solute and carrier reagent in the membrane results in the separation of the solute from the feed mixture. In this work the membrane phase comprised.of LIX 664N as the extractant dissolved in kerosene and Span 80 as surfactant. The stripping phase was sulfuric acid with 180 g/l concentration and feed phase had copper concentration of 3.5 g/l. Effect of various process parameters such as batch contact time, speed.of agitation, W:o ratio and treat ratio has been experimentally investigated to get better insight of the process. The maximum enrichment of copper in the internal phase obtained was 11.6 times with batch contact time of 10 minutes, agitation speed.of 300 rpm and treat ratio of 6:1.

关键词： Extraction Enrichment Liquid Emulsion Membranes LIX 664N Copper

Blue-Shift and Enhanced Photoluminescence in BaMgAl10o17:Eu2+ Nanophosphor under VUV Excitation for PdPs Application

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2010年第1期1卷 25-31页

作者： Raghvendra Singh Yadav Shiv kumar Pandey Avinash Chandra Pandey 不详

In this report, five systems of varied diameters viz. 62 nm, 85 nm, 115 nm, 160 nm and 450 nm of BaMgAl10o17:Eu2+ nanorods are prepared by solution combustion approach and with annealing at different temperature in reduced atmosphere (N2 + H2). An intense broad blue photoluminescence (PL), corresponding to the electronic transition of Eu2+ from the 4f 6 5d excited state to the 4f 7 ground state, is observed. The blue-shift and enhanced photoluminescence is also observed, and found to be highly dependent on the size of diameter of BaMgAl10o17:Eu2+ nanostructures. The change in decay time and color-coordinates with change in size of diameter of BaMgAl10o17:Eu2+ nanostructure have been analysed and thoroughly discussed.

关键词： Quantum Confinement Effect Nanophosphor PdPs

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采用热喷涂进行金属陶瓷复合材料的近净成形

表面工程 1997年第4期 45-47页

作者： d.kumar S.C.Mod 朱有利印度冶金设备有限公司

现代技术的发展导致了具有特定机械性能的金属陶瓷复合材料的出现。但主要困难是高度复杂和昂贵的加工技术。热喷涂成形技术可能是解决该问题的途径，由于它的高度灵活性，低的造价和相对简单的等原因。用热喷涂技术进行复合材料的近净... 详细信息

现代技术的发展导致了具有特定机械性能的金属陶瓷复合材料的出现。但主要困难是高度复杂和昂贵的加工技术。热喷涂成形技术可能是解决该问题的途径，由于它的高度灵活性，低的造价和相对简单的等原因。用热喷涂技术进行复合材料的近净成形方法包括现场喷涂，压实和烧结一体化的工艺。利用可移去型芯技术可产生不同的形状。当采用丝材或粉末形式的铝合金作为基体材料时，两种粒子增强相（SiC和Al2o3）的添加量可达50％的体积百分比。已实现了双枪喷涂技术（电弧-HVoF，电弧-火焰）和单枪喷涂技术（HVoF，火焰喷涂）。用这种技术加工的模型有锥体，喷嘴和内燃发动机排气孔的衬套等，这些部件正在接受鉴定。

关键词：近净成形热喷涂金属陶瓷复合材料丝材 HVoF 火焰喷涂铝合金烧结体喷涂技术工艺

Electrical properties of 0-30.5(Ba_(0.7)Ca_(0.3))Tio_(3)-0.5Ba(Zr_(0.2)Ti_(0.8))o_(3)/PVdF nanocomposites

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Journal of Advanced dielectrics 2018年第4期8卷 35-42页

作者： Bablu K.Pandey Amit kumar K.P.Chandra A.R Kulkarni S.K Jayaswal K.Prasad University department of Physics T.M.Bhagalpur University Bhagalpur 812007 India department of Mechanical Engineering Birla Institute of Technology Mesra(Patna Campus) Patna 800014India department of Physics S.M.College Bhagalpur 812001India department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science Indian Institute of Technology Mumbai 400076 India

Lead-free x(0.50(Ba_(0.7)Ca_(0.3)Tio_(3)-0.50Ba(Zr_(0.2)Ti_(0.8)o_(3)-(1-x)PVdF ceramic–polymer nanocomposites with x=0.025,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25 were prepared using melt-mixing *** distribution of nanoceramic filler particles(0.50(Ba_(0.7)Ca_(0.3)Tio_(3)-0.50Ba(Zr_(0.2)Ti_(0.8)o_(3)in the PVdF matrix were examined using scanning electron *** analysis indicated the negative temperature coefficient of resistance character of all the test *** concentrationdependent piezoelectric coefficient(d33Þdata followed exponential growth types of *** data for ac conductivity were found to obey Jonscher’s power *** correlated barrier hopping(CBH)model was found to explain the mechanism of charge transport occurring in the *** low value of loss tangent(-10^(-2))along with the high value of d_(33) foreshadowing the prospect of present nanocomposite is a better nonlead.option for piezo-sensing/detection applications,especially in bio-medical area.

关键词： Random composite medium dielectric properties piezoelectric properties impedance analysis.

An online resource for marine fungi

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Fungal diversity 2019年第3期96卷 347-433页

作者： E.B.Gareth Jones Ka-Lai Pang Mohamed A.Abdel-Wahab Bettina Scholz Kevin d.Hyde Teun Boekhout Rainer Ebel Mostafa E.Rateb Linda Henderson Jariya Sakayaroj Satinee Suetrong Monika C.dayarathne Vinit kumar Seshagiri Raghukumar K.R.Sridhar Ali H.A.Bahkali Frank H.Gleason Chada Norphanphoun deptartment of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O Box 2455Riyadh 11451Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Hampshire UK Institute of Marine Biology and Centre of Excellence for the oceans Taiwan Ocean University2 Pei-Ning RoadKeelung 20224TaiwanChina department of Botany and Microbiology Faculty of ScienceSohag UniversitySohag 82524Egypt BioPol ehf Marine BiotechnologyEinbuastig 2545 SkagastrondIceland Center of Excellence in Fungal diversity Mae Fah Luang University 333 M.1 ThasudMuang Chiang RaiChiang Rai 57100Thailand Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute Uppsalalaan 8UtrechtThe Netherlands Institute of Biodiversity and Ecological dynamics(IBEd) University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands department of Chemistry Marine Biodiscovery CentreUniversity of AberdeenAberdeen AB243UEUK School of Computing Engineering&Physical SciencesUniversity of the West of ScotlandPaisley PA12BEUK School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of SydneyMacleay Building A12SydneyNSW 2006Australia School of Science Walailak University222 ThaiburiThasala DistrictNakhon Si Thammarat 80161Thailand Fungal Biodiversity Laboratory(BFBd) National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology(BIOTEC)113 Thailand Science ParkPhaholyothin RoadKhlong NuengKhlong LuangPathum Thani 12120Thailand Tamra' 313(Plot No.162)Vainguinnim ValleyDona PaulaGoa 403004India department of Biosciences Mangalore UniversityMangaloreKarnatakaIndia School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityHuay Keaw RoadSuthepMuang DistrictChiang Mai 50200Thailand

Index Fungorum,Species Fungorum and MycoBank are the key fungal nomenclature and taxonomic databases that can be sourced to find taxonomic details concerning fungi,while dNA sequence data can be sourced from the NCBI,EBI and UNITE *** and ecological data on freshwater fungi can be accessed.on http://***/,while http://***/provides a comprehensive list of names of marine organisms,including information on their *** websites however have little information on marine fungi and their ecology,beside articles that deal with marine fungi,especially those published in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries may not be accessible to those working in third world *** address this problem,a new website *** was set up and is introduced in this *** website provides a search facility to genera of marine fungi,full species descriptions,key to species and illustrations,an up to date classification of all recorded marine fungi which includes all fungal groups(Ascomycota,Basid.omycota,Blastoclad.omycota,Chytrid.omycota,Mucoromycota and fungus-like organisms ***),and listing recent ***,1257 species are listed in the marine fungi website(***),in 539 genera,74 orders,168 families,20 classes and five phyla,with new taxa continuing to be *** website has curators with specialist mycological expertise who help to provide update data on the classification of marine *** article also reviews knowledge of marine fungi covering a wide range of topics:their higher classification,ecology and world distribution,role in energy transfer in the oceans,origin and new chemical *** updated classification of marine fungi is also *** would like to invite all mycologists to contribute to this innovative website.

关键词： Fungal classification marine fungi website High-throughput sequencing techniques Fungal diversity origin of marine fungi