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High-dose biotin neither fosters remyelination nor stimulates malonyl coenzyme A synthesis in the regenerating nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第7期18卷 1623-1624页

作者： Fabian Szepanowski Rebecca d.Steubing Cansu Güngör Jaqueline Zipfel Anne K.Mausberg Christoph Kleinschnitz mark Stettner department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro-and Behavioral Sciences(C-TNBS) University Medicine EssenUniversity Duisburg-EssenEssenGermany

dear editor,dysregulated inflammatory responses primarily account for damage to the central nervous system,however,neurodegenerative processes likely contribute to the pathophysiology of progressive forms of multiple sclerosis(MS).These pathophysiological aspects include axonal energy depletion and impaired remyelination capacity(Levin et al.,2014).The clinical efficacy of most disease-modifying therapies in MS to date has been achieved by targeting functions of the adaptive immune system(Cree et al.,2019;Szepanowski et al.,2021).

关键词： system synthesis neither

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Elucidating the genetic basis of antioxidant status in lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

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Horticulture Research 2015年第1期2卷 47-59页

作者： Annabelle damerum Stacey L Selmes Gaia F Biggi Graham JJ Clarkson Steve d Rothwell Maria JoséTruco Richard W Michelmore Robert d Hancock Connie Shellcock mark A Chapman Gail Taylor Centre for Biological Sciences University of SouthamptonLife SciencesUniversity RoadSouthamptonSO171BJUK Vitacress Limited Lower Link FarmSt Mary BourneAndoverSP116DBHampshireUK The Genome Centre and the department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavis95616CAUSA The James Hutton Institute InvergowrieDD25DADundeeUK

A diet rich in phytonutrients from fruit and vegetables has been acknowledged to afford protection against a range of human diseases,but many of the most popular vegetables are low in *** relatives of crops may contain allelic variation for genes determining the concentrations of these beneficial phytonutrients,and therefore understanding the genetic basis of this variation is important for breeding efforts to enhance nutritional *** this study,lettuce recombinant inbred lines,generated from a cross between wild and cultivated lettuce(Lactuca serriola and Lactuca sativa,respectively),were analysed for antioxidant(AO)potential and important phytonutrients including carotenoids,chlorophyll and phenolic *** grown in two environments,96 quantitative trait loci(QTL)were identified for these nutritional traits:4 for AO potential,2 for carotenoid content,3 for total chlorophyll content and 87 for individual phenolic compounds(two per compound on average).Most often,the *** alleles conferred an increase in total AOs and *** genes underlying these QTL were identified by BLASTn searches;in several cases,these had functions suggesting involvement in phytonutrient biosynthetic *** of a QTL on linkage group 3,which accounted for>30%of the variation in AO potential,revealed several candidate genes encoding multiple MYB transcription factors which regulate flavonoid biosynthesis and flavanone 3-hydroxylase,an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol,which are known to have powerful AO ***-up quantitative RT-PCR of these candidates revealed that 5 out of 10 genes investigated were significantly differentially expressed between the wild and cultivated parents,providing further evidence of their potential involvement in determining the contrasting *** results offer exciting opportunities to improve the nutritional content and health benefits of lettu

关键词： breeding crops Lactuca

CARBOHYdRATE INGESTION ANd EXERCISE:EFFECTS ON METABOLISM ANd PERFORMANCE

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中国运动医学杂志 2000年第2期19卷 219-223页

作者： mark Hargreaves, Ph. d. (Scholl of Health Sciences deakin University Burwood, Australia) School of Health Sciences deakin University Burwood 澳大利亚

KEY POINTS■ Carbohydrate is the preferred fuel for most competitive sports；an inadequate supply of carbohydrate in the body often leads to poor performance.■ Carbohydrate ingestion during exercise increases blood glucose availability and maintains the ability of the body to use carbohydrate as fuel during *** carbohydrate is consumed during exercise，glucose uptake by muscles is increased，and the breakdown of glycogen in the liver into blood glucose is reduced，thus saving liver glycogen until late in *** use of muscle glycogen for energy is generally unaffected by carbohydrate ***，during prolonged running，the breakdown of muscle glycogen may be slowed because the supply of blood glucose is improved when carbohydrate is *** metabolic responses underlie the performance benefit that accompanies carbohydrate ingestion during exercise.■ There are some minor differences among glucose，sucrose，and maltodextrins in their effects on metabolism，but each of them can enhance performance when ingested in the appropriate quantity during *** alone is not an effective carbohydrate supplement because of its slow absorption and slow conversion by the body to glucose，but when small amounts of fructose are combined with other carbohydrates，fructose can be beneficial.■ Ingesting carbohydrate at a rate of 30-60 grams per hour can improve exercise erformance.A good way to achieve this carbohydrate intake is to consume 600-to-1200 ml(20-to-40 oz)of a sports drink during each hour of *** carbohydrate in a beverage provides an added benefit of preventing potentially harmful effects of dehydration on performance.

关键词： CARBOHYdRATE INGESTION ANd EXERCISE

Update on Treatment of Parkinson's disease

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中国临床神经科学 2000年第Z1期8卷 22-23页

作者： mark Hallett, M.d Human Motor Control Section National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA

　　Prevention The best treatment is to prevent the illness in the first place or to retard its progression. There is considerable new information about Parkinson's disease genetics and pathophysiology that hopefully will lead to therapy in this regard, but there is still nothing definitive. The only medication for which there are some reasonable data is selegiline, a monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitor. This drug actually has a symptomatic effect since it prevents the breakdown ofdopamine in the brain. Some trials have shown a beneficial effect separate from its symptomatic effect. The situation is rather controversial, however, and in one study there was an excess of mortality. {4}There are no supportive data for antioxidants such as vitamin E, and a trial of the neurotrophic factor GdNF was not positive.　　……

关键词： neurotrophic factor monoamine oxidase new information vitamin E

Temporal evolution of contacts and communities in networks of face-to-face human interactions

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2014年第3期57卷 29-45页

作者： mark KIBANOV Martin ATZMUELLER Christoph SCHOLZ Gerd STUMME Knowledge and data Engineering Group University of KasselWilhelmshher Allee 73Kassel D-34121Germany

Temporal dynamics of social interaction networks as well as the analysis of communities are key aspects to gain a better understanding of the involved processes,important influence factors,their efects,and their structural *** this article,we analyze temporal dynamics of contacts and the evolution of communities in networks of face-to-face *** our application context,we consider four scientific *** a structural level,we focus on static and dynamic properties of the contact ***,we analyze the resulting community structure using state-of-the-art automatic community detection ***,we analyze the evolution of contacts and communities over time to consider the stability of the respective ***,we assess diferent factors which have an influence on the quality of community ***,we provide first important insights into the evolution of contacts and communities in face-to-face contact networks.

关键词： social network analysis community detection face-to-face contact networks temporal networks community stability

Three-dimensional Sub-100 nm Super-Resolution Imaging of Biological Samples Using a Phase Ramp in the Objective Pupil

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Nano Research 2011年第6期4卷 589-598页

作者： david Baddeley mark B. Cannell Christian Soeller department of Physiology University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand

Localisation microscopy overcomes the diffraction limit by measuring the position of individual molecules to obtain optical images with a lateral resolution better than 30 nm. Single molecule localisation microscopy was originally demonstrated only in two dimensions but has recently been extended to three dimensions. Here we develop a new approach to three-dimensional （3d） localisation microscopy by engineering of the point-spread function （PSF） of a fluorescence microscope. By introducing a linear phase gradient between the two halves of the objective pupil plane the PSF is split into two lateral lobes whose relative position depends on defocus. Calculations suggested that the phase gradient resulting from the very small tolerances in parallelism of conventional slides made from float glass would be sufficient to generate a two-lobed PSF. We demonstrate that insertion of a suitably chosen microscope slide that occupies half the objective aperture combined with a novel fast fitting algorithm for 3d localisation estimation allows nanoscopic imaging with detail resolution well below 100 nm in all three dimensions （standard deviations of 20, 16, and 42 nm in x, y, and z directions, respectively）. The utility of the approach is shown by imaging the complex 3d distribution of microtubules in cardiac muscle cells that were stained with conventional near infrared fluorochromes. The straightforward optical setup, minimal hardware requirements and large axial localisation range make this approach suitable for many nanoscopic imaging applications.

关键词： Single molecules nanoscopy point-spread function engineering immunocytochemistry localisation microscopy

The FAIR data Point:Interfaces and Tooling

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data Intelligence 2023年第1期5卷 184-201页

作者： Oussama Mohammed Benhamed Kees Burger Rajaram Kaliyaperumal Luiz Olavo Bonino da Silva Santos Marek Suchánek Jan Slifka mark d.Wilkinsoni departamento de Biotecnologia-Biologia Vegetal Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria AgronomicaAlimentaria y de BiosistemasCentro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de Plantas UPM-INIAUniversidad Politecnica de Madrid(UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA)MadridES 28223Spain Leiden University Medical Center Leiden2333 ZCthe Netherlands University of Twente Enschede7513 GBthe Netherlands Czech Technical University in Prague PragueCZ 15000Czech Republic

While the FAIR Principles do not specify a technical solution for'FAIRness',it was clear from the outset of the FAIR initiative that it would be useful to have commodity software and tooling that would simplify the creation of FAIR-compliant *** FAIR data Point is a metadata repository that follows the dCAT(2)schema,and utilizes the Linked data Platform to manage the hierarchical metadata layers as LdP *** has been a recent flurry of development activity around the FAIR data Point that has significantly improved its power and *** we describe five specific tools—an installer,a loader,two Webbased interfaces,and an indexer-aimed at maximizing the uptake and utility of the FAIR data Point.

关键词： FAIR data Linked data Semantic Web Metadata User interfaces Tooling Semantic query

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Interaction between climatic, environmental, and demographic factors on cholera outbreaks in Kenya

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 338-346页

作者： James d Stoltzfus Jane Y Carter Muge Akpinar-Elci Martin Matu Victoria Kimotho mark J Giganti daniel Langat Omur Cinar Elci School of Medicine Department of Public Health and Preventive MedicineSt.George’s University(SGU)West IndiesGrenada African Medical and Research Foundation(AMREF) NairobiKenya. Center for Global Health College of Health SciencesOld Dominion UniversityNorfolkVAUSA

Background:Cholera remains an important public health concern in developing countries including Kenya where 11,769 cases and 274 deaths were reported in 2009 according to the World Health Organization(WHO).This ecological study investigates the impact of various climatic,environmental,and demographic variables on the spatial distribution of cholera cases in ***:district-level data was gathered from Kenya’s division of disease Surveillance and Response,the Meteorological department,and the National Bureau of *** data included the entire population of Kenya from 1999 to ***:Multivariate analyses showed that districts had an increased risk of cholera outbreaks when a greater proportion of the population lived more than five kilometers from a health facility(RR:1.025 per 1%increase;95%CI:1.010,1.039),bordered a body of water(RR:5.5;95%CI:2.472,12.404),experienced increased rainfall from October to december(RR:1.003 per 1 mm increase;95%CI:1.001,1.005),and experienced decreased rainfall from April to June(RR:0.996 per 1 mm increase;95%CI:0.992,0.999).There was no detectable association between cholera and population density,poverty,availability of piped water,waste disposal methods,rainfall from January to March,or rainfall from July to ***:Bordering a large body of water,lack of health facilities nearby,and changes in rainfall were significantly associated with an increased risk of cholera in Kenya.

关键词： Cholera Education Health infrastructure Population density Poverty Rainfall Waste disposal Water supply

Liver immunology and its role in inflammation and homeostasis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第3期13卷 267-276页

作者： mark W Robinson Cathal Harmon Cliona O'Farrelly School of Biochemistry and Immunology Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin D2 Ireland School of Medicine TrinityBiomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin D2 Ireland

The human liver is usually perceived as a non-immunological organ engaged primarily in metabolic, nutrient storage and detoxification activities. However, we now know that the healthy liver is also a site of complex immunological activity mediated by a diverse immune cell repertoire as well as non-hematopoietic cell populations. In the nondiseased liver, metabolic and tissue remodeling functions require elements of inflammation. This inflammation, in combination with regular exposure to dietary and microbial products, creates the potential for excessive immune activation. In this complex microenvironment, the hepatic immune system tolerates harmless molecules while at the same time remaining alert to possible infectious agents, malignant cells or tissue damage. Upon appropriate immune activation to challenge by pathogens or tissue damage, mechanisms to resolve inflammation are essential to maintain liver homeostasis. Failure to clear ＇dangerous＇ stimuli or regulate appropriately activated immune mechanisms leads to pathological inflammation and disrupted tissue homeostasis characterized by the progressive development of fibrosis, cirrhosis and eventual liver failure. Hepatic inflammatory mechanisms therefore have a spectrum of roles in the healthy adult liver; they are essential to maintain tissue and organ homeostasis and, when dysregulated, are key drivers of the liver pathology associated with chronic infection, autoimmunity and malignancy. In this review, we explore the changing perception of inflammation and inflammatory mediators in normal liver homeostasis and propose targeting of liver-specific immune regulation pathways as a therapeutic approach to treat liver disease.

关键词： homeostasis immunology inflammation liver tolerance