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Comparison of the timing of spring phenological events between phenological garden trees and wild populations

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第2期17卷 49-61页

作者： Calum J.Sweeney Fidelma butler Astrid Wingler School of Biological Earth&Environmental Sciences and Environmental Research InstituteUniversity College CorkDistillery FieldsNorth MallCork T23 TK30Ireland

Phenological research is engaged in monitoring the infuence of climate change on the natural *** International Phenological Gardens(IPG)network provides a valuable dataset of standardized tree phenology records dating back to the mid-20th *** make best use of this actively growing record,it is important to investigate how network data can be applied to predict the timing of phenological events in natural *** study compared clonally propagated IPG downy birch(Betula pubescens Ehrh.)and hazel(Corylus avellana l.)specimens of central European provenance to nearby wild populations at the western-most margin of the IPG network,in the south-west of *** addition to monitoring by trained scientists,observations by citizen scientists were *** order of the timing of phenological events among sites was consistent across 2 years,confrming reproducibility of the *** trees had the earliest *** leaf unfolding and *** fowering dates of the sites *** addition,leaf unfolding occurred later in the wild populations than expected from the temperature responses of the *** and *** IPG *** variation in phenology also exceeded the historical change observed at the IPG site,suggesting a potential genetic basis for climate *** circumference,refecting the age-dependent increase in tree size,was found to infuence *** phenology,with earlier timing of phenological events in larger *** fnding highlights tree size as an important consideration in the management of phenological gardens and tree phenology research in general.

关键词： citizen science downy birch(Betula pubescens) hazel(Corylus avellana) phenological garden spring phenology tree size

Feasibility of achieving net-zero energy performance in high-rise buildings using solar energy

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Energy and Built Environment

Energy and Built Environment 2024年第6期5卷 946-956页

作者： Mehrdad Shirinbakhsh l.d.danny Harvey University of Toronto 100St.George StreetTorontoONM5S 3G3Canada

As part of a broad strategy to reach net-zero greenhouse gas emissions and limit global warming,many countries are requiring all new buildings to have net-zero energy *** requires that on-site energy use not exceed on-site generation of renewable energy(taken here to be solar energy),or equivalently,that the building Energy Use Intensity(EUI,kWh/m^(2)a)not exceed the supply of on-site solar energy(electricity and heat)per m^(2)of floor area per *** this basis,we find that achieving net-zero energy performance in an archetype 40-story square building in 16 different cities of North America requires EUI of 17–24 kWh/m^(2)a using PV panels,and 19–28 kWh/m^(2)a using PVT *** building orientation to a non-square floor shape can improve maximum permitted EUI by up to 50%in PV and 60%in PVT ***,the best-performing residential and commercial buildings have EUIs of 50–75 kWh/m^(2)*** if building heights are limited to 5–10 floors does the available solar energy,and thus the permitted EUI,reach 50–75 kWh/m^(2)***,we recommend that policymakers not require high-rise buildings to be net-zero energy,unless they are prepared to limit building heights to 5–10 floors.

关键词： High-rise net-zero energy buildings Building geometry Building height Solar NZEB

Oligodendroctyes:the forgotten players of diabetes pathophysiology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2349-2350页

作者： Juan Antonio lópez-Villodres Beatriz García-díaz departamento Fisiología Humana Histología HumanaAnatomía Patológica y Educación Física y DeportivaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain UGC Neurociencia.Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina(IBIMA Plataforma Bionand) MálagaSpain

Oligodendrocytes(Ols),glial cells that provide myelin sheaths to axons in the central nervous system(CNS),have a dual ***,this myelin fatty cover around the axons protects the nerves and is crucial for the saltatory propagation of action *** and not less important,Ols provide trophic support to neurons and ***,Ol metabolism is important for Ol well-being and the proper accomplishment of their functions,and Ol metabolism energetics directly affect the energy metabolism of neighboring neurons.

关键词： metabolism nerves myelin

Sex differences in Alzheimer's disease:an urgent research venue to follow

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2569-2570页

作者： Raquel Jiménez-Herrera Ana Contreras Juan d.Navarro-lópez lydia Jiménez-díaz Neurophysiology&Behavior lab University of Castilla-La ManchaSchool of Medicine of Ciudad RealCiudad RealSpain

due to increasing life expectancy,the amount of people with dementia worldwide is expected to experience a substantial rise,with estimates indicating a growth from 55 million in 2019 to a staggering 139 million by the... 详细信息

关键词： Alzheimer predominant estimates

discovery of new MAX-phase-like layered ternary carbide V_(8)P_(6)C:Crystal structure,thermal expansion,and elastic properties

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第7期174卷 55-62页

作者： H.X.Chen l.Sheng Z.l.Zhang X.C.Wen d.l.Yang X.Y.Ye P.Q.dai School of Materials Science and Engineering Fujian University of TechnologyFuzhou 350118China Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100049China Fujian Provincial Key laboratory of Advanced Materials Processing and Application Fuzhou 350118China State Key laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China

due to the laminated structure,MAX phases and MAX-phase-like compounds possess outstanding dam-age tolerance capability with good thermal/electrical conductivity and other charming functional prop-erties,showing a bright future for structural-functional ***,a new MAX-phase-like ternary car-bide V_(8)P_(6)C with layered characteristics was *** to the alternate stacking of hexagonal-arranged M/A/X atom layers in MAX phases,V_(8)P_(6)C has a layered structure formed by a repeated stacking of the slabs consisting of V_(6)C-octahedrons and VP 6-distorted-octahedrons in three-atomic layers *** thermal expansion anisotropy was revealed,with the thermal expansion coefficients(TECs)along a-axis,c-axis,and the average value,equal toα_(a)=8.55(5)μK^(−1),α_(c)=10.23(5)μK^(−1),andα_(l)=9.14(5)μK^(−1),*** dilation along the c-axis was mainly dominated by out-plane V-P bonds be-tween layered *** to the pressure-dependent lattice parameters,the polycrystalline bulk modulus(B_(0)=185(9)GPa)and high compressibility anisotropy factor(B_(a)/B_(c)=1.64)was ***-while,the second-order elastic constants were calculated,and the elastic moduli,E=303 GPa,B=198 GPa,G=122 GPa,andν=0.246,were *** the weak connection between layer slabs by out-plane V1-P bond was revealed by the bond stiffness model,with a bond stiffness close to the M-A bond in MAX ***,good damage tolerance capability was predicted according to Paugh’s ratio(G/B=0.616)and Cauchy pressure(P_(a)=0 GPa,P_(c)=-7.5 GPa),even better than those of typical MAX *** discovery of V_(8)P_(6)C provides a new member of MAX-phase-like damage-tolerant ceramic with relatively low density,moderate thermal expansion,and anisotropic compressibility,and the unique lay-ered structure is inspiring for exploring new layered ternary ceramics.

关键词： New ternary carbide MAX phase Thermal expansion Elastic constants Anisotropy

Current devices,outcomes,and pain management considerations in penile implant surgery:an updated review of the literature

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第4期26卷 335-343页

作者： Nirupama Ancha Maya Eldin Tarah Woodle Sofia Gereta Krishna Hariprasad Imani butler E Charles Osterberg III department of Surgery and Perioperative Care University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical SchoolAustinTX 78712USA department of Urology Brooke Army Medical CenterSan AntonioTX 78234USA department of Molecular Biosciences The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA.

Penile prosthesis surgery is a definitive treatment for erectile dysfunction(Ed).The two categories of penile prosthesis are endorsed by professional guidelines,inflatable penile prosthesis(IPP)and malleable penile prosthesis(MPP).Each modality of penile prosthesis offers distinct advantages and incorporates specific design features,allowing for personalized device selection that aligns with individual needs and *** the overall complication rate of penile implant surgery remains low,surgeons should maintain a high index of suspicion for complications in the perioperative time *** analgesic regimens including nerve blocks and narcotic-free pathways should be administered to manage perioperative ***,the high patient satisfaction after penile prosthesis surgery underscores the success of this Ed treatment option.

关键词： erectile dysfunction penile implant penile prosthesis

Competitive interactions and coexistence of sympatric flagship carnivores in Asia

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 183-199页

作者： Zhilin lI Jiayu lU Xiaoyi SHI li’an dUO James l.d.SMITH Tianming WANG Tianjin Key laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal diversity College of Life SciencesTianjin Normal UniversityTianjinChina department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA Ministry of Education Key laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key laboratory for Conservation Ecology of Northeast Tiger and leopard BeijingChina

Understanding the competition and coexistence of flagship carnivores is key to creating strategies for their conservation in the face of global carnivore *** studies exploring the dynamics and competition between tigers(Panthera tigris)and leopards(***)span decades,there is a lack of understanding regarding the factors that influence their coexistence mechanisms on a broad scale,as well as the drivers determining their exploitative and interference *** gathered a comprehensive list of research papers among which 36 papers explored the interspecific interactions between tigers and leopards and tested the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the coexistence mechanisms along three dimensions using multiple response variables regression models;we also tested the influence of ecological drivers determining the exploitative or interference competition between tigers and *** and ungulate density were the most important predictors in regulating the coexistence *** and leopards exhibited more positive relations/higher overlaps as elevation increased in the spatial *** addition,they showed a higher dietary overlap in the prey-rich *** determined that interference competition between tigers and leopards was less frequently observed in habitats with dense tree cover and homogeneous vegetation ***,studies with multiple metrics would promote the detection of interference *** study provides new insight into the competitive interactions and coexistence mechanisms of tigers and leopards on a broad ***-makers and managers should pay more attention to the factors of elevation,prey abundance,and habitat structures for the conservation of tigers and leopards.

关键词： carnivores coexistence mechanisms competitive interactions exploitative competition interference competition

data-driven systematic analysis of waterborne viruses and health risks during the wastewater reclamation process

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第3期19卷 80-90页

作者： Jia-Xin Ma Xu Wang Yi-Rong Pan Zhao-Yue Wang Xuesong Guo Junxin liu Nan-Qi Ren david butler Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China State Key laboratory of UrbanWater Resource and Environment School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhenShenzhen518055China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Centre for Water Systems College of EngineeringMathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX44QFUnited Kingdom

Waterborne viral epidemics are a major threat to public *** interest in wastewater reclamation highlights the importance of understanding the health risks associated with potential microbial hazards,particularly for reused water in direct contact with *** study focused on identifying viral epidemic patterns in municipal wastewater reused for recreational applications based on long-term,spatially explicit global literature data during 2000e2021,and modelled human health risks from multiple exposure pathways using a well-established quantitative microbial risk assessment *** median viral loads in municipal wastewater ranged from 7.92×10^(4)to 1.4×10^(6)GC l^(-1)in the following ascending order:human adenovirus(HAdV),norovirus(NoV)GII,enterovirus(EV),NoV GI,rotavirus(RV),and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARSCoV-2).Following secondary or tertiary wastewater treatment,NoV GI,NoV GII,EV,and RV showed a relatively higher and more stable log reduction value with medians all above 0.8(84%),whereas SARSCoV-2 and HAdV showed a relatively lower reduction,with medians ranging from 0.33(53%)to 0.55(72%).A subsequent disinfection process effectively enhanced viral removal to over 0.89-log(87%).The predicted event probability of virus-related gastrointestinal illness and acute febrile respiratory illnesses in reclaimed recreational water exceeded the World Health Organization recommended recreational risk benchmark(5%and 1.9%,respectively).Overall,our results provided insights on health risks associated with reusing wastewater for recreational purposes and highlighted the need for establishing a regulatory framework ensuring the safety management of reclaimed waters.

关键词： Reclaimed water Waterborne virus Recreational Human health data-driven analysis

The Effect of Retinoic Acid on Neutrophil Innate Immune Interactions With Cutaneous Bacterial Pathogens

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Infectious Microbes & diseases 2024年第2期6卷 65-73页

作者： Alexandra Stream Ross Corriden Simon döhrmann Richard l.Gallo Victor Nizet Ericka l.Anderson division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics Department of PediatricsUniversity of California San Diego School of MedicineLa JollaCaliforniaUSA department of dermatology University of California San Diego School of MedicineLa JollaCaliforniaUSA Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA

Vitamin A and its biologically active derivative,retinoic acid(RA),are important for many immune ***,in particular,is essential for the development of immune cells,including neutrophils,which serve as a front-line defense against *** vitamin A deficiency has been linked to higher susceptibility to infections,the precise role of vitamin A/RA in host-pathogen interactions remains poorly ***,we provided evidence that RA boosts neutrophil killing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).RA treatment stimulated primary human neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species,neutrophil extracellular traps and the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin(ll-37).Because RA treatment was insufficient to reduce MRSA burden in an in vivo murine model of skin infection,we expanded our analysis to other infectious *** did not affect the growth of a number of common bacterial pathogens,including MRSA,Escherichia coli K1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa;however,RA directly inhibited the growth of group A Streptococcus(GAS).This antimicrobial effect,likely in combination with RA-mediated neutrophil boosting,resulted in substantial GAS killing in neutrophil killing assays conducted in the presence of ***,in a murine model of GAS skin infection,topical RA treatment showed therapeutic potential by reducing both skin lesion size and bacterial *** findings suggest that RA may hold promise as a therapeutic agent against GAS and perhaps other clinically significant human pathogens.

关键词： retinoic acid neutrophil bacterial infection Staphylococcus aureus group A Streptococcus neutrophil extracellular traps antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin