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Soluble p75 neurotrophic receptor as a reliable biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases: what is the evidence?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 536-541页

作者： Georges Jourdi samuel Fleury Imane Boukhatem Marie Lordkipanidzé Research Center Montreal Heart InstituteMontrealQCCanada Faculty of Pharmacy Universitéde MontréalMontrealQCCanada UniversitéParis Cité INSERMInnovative Therapies in HaemostasisParisFrance Service d’Hématologie Biologique AP-HPHôpital LariboisièreParisFrance

Neurodegenerative diseases are often misdiagnosed,especially when the diagnosis is based solely on clinical *** p75 neurotrophic receptor(p75^(NTR))has been studied as an index of sensory and motor nerve development and *** cleavable extracellular domain(ECd)is readily detectable in various biological fluids including plasma,serum and *** is evidence for increased p75NTR ECd levels in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,age-related dementia,schizophrenia,and diabetic *** p75^(NTR) ECd could be used as a biomarker for diagnosis and/or prognosis in these disorders,and whether it could potentially lead to the development of targeted therapies,remains an open *** this review,we present and discuss published studies that have evaluated the relevance of this emerging biomarker in the context of various neurodegenerative *** also highlight areas that require further investigation to better understand the role of p75^(NTR) ECd in the clinical diagnosis and management of neurodegenerative disorders.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis biomarker dementia diabetic neuropathy nerve growth factor receptor(NGFR) neurodegeneration p75^(NTR) schizophrenia

Exceptional catalytic effect of novel rGO-supported Ni-Nb nanocomposite on the hydrogen storage properties of MgH_(2)

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第5期172卷 83-93页

作者： samuel Guemou Liuting Zhang Shuai Li Yiqun Jiang Tao Zhong Zichuan Lu Ren Zhou Fuying Wu Qian Li School of Energy and Power Instrumental Analysis CenterJiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys&National Key Laboratory of Advanced Casting Technologies&College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Chongqing Institute of New Energy Storage Materials and Equipment Chongqing 401135China Max Planck Institute for Iron Research Düsseldorf 40237Germany

The design of an excellent active catalyst to improve the sluggish kinetic and thermodynamic properties of magnesium hydride(MgH_(2))remains a great challenge to achieve its practical *** this study,a novel Ni-Nb/rGO nanocomposite catalyst was successfully prepared by one-spot hydrothermal and sub-sequent calcination *** novel Ni-Nb/rGO nanocomposite exhibits an exceptional catalytic effect on improving MgH_(2) sorption ***,the onset desorption temperature of MgH_(2)+10 wt%Ni-Nb/rGO composite is reduced to 198℃,much lower than that of undoped MgH_(2)(330℃).In-terestingly,the composite can release 5.0,5.9,and 6.0 wt%H_(2) within 10 min at 245,260,and 275℃,***,the dehydrogenated MgH_(2)+10 wt%Ni-Nb/rGO composite starts to absorb hydrogen even at room temperature with approximate 2.75 wt%H_(2) uptake at 75℃under 3 MPa H_(2) pressure within 30 min and exhibits excellent stability by maintaining 6.0 wt%hydrogen content after 20 cycles at 300℃.Chou’s model suggests that the de/hydrogenation kinetics of Ni-Nb/rGO-modified MgH_(2) switches from surface penetration model to diffusion model at lower ***,the ac-tivation energies(E a)for the de/hydrogenation of MgH_(2)+10 wt%Ni-Nb/rGO are reduced to 57.8 kJ/mol and 33.9 kJ/mol,which are significantly lower than those of undoped MgH_(2).The work demonstrates that the addition of a novel ternary Ni-Nb/rGO catalyst is an effective strategy to not only boost the sorption kinetics of MgH_(2) but also maintain its cycling property.

关键词： Hydrogen storage materials Magnesium hydride Ni-Nb/rGO Kinetic analysis Catalytic mechanism

Microsphere-assisted hyperspectral imaging:super-resolution,non-destructive metrology for semiconductor devices

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1098-1111页

作者： Jangryul Park Youngsun Choi Soonyang Kwono Youngjun Lee Jiwoong Kim Jae-joon Kim Jihye Lee Jeongho Ahn Hidong kwak Yusin Yang Taeyong Jo Myungjun Lee Kwangrak Kim Metrology and Inspection Equipment R&d Team Mechatronics ResearchSamsung Electronics Co.Ltd.1-1 Samsungjeonja-rohwaseong-siGyeonggi-do18848Republic of Korea Process development department DRAM Process Development TeamSemiconductor R&D CenterSamsung Electronics Co.Ltd.1-1 Samsungjeonja-rohwaseong-siGyeonggi-do18848Republic of Korea Process development department Semiconductor R&D CenterSamsung Electronics Co.Ltd.1-1 Samsungjeonja-rohwaseong-siGyeonggi-do18848Republic of Korea

As semiconductor devices shrink and their manufacturing processes advance,accurately measuring in-cell critical dimensions(Cd)becomes increasingly *** test element group(TEG)measurements are becoming inadequate for representing the fine,repetitive patterns in cell *** non-destructive metrology technologies like optical critical dimension(OCd)are limited due to their large spot diameter of approximately 25μm,which impedes their efficacy for detailed in-cell structural ***,there is a pressing need for small-spot and non-destructive metrology *** address this limitation,we demonstrate a microsphere-assisted hyperspectral imaging(MAHSI)system,specifically designed for small spot optical metrology with *** microsphere-assisted super-resolution imaging,this system achieves an optical resolution of 66 nm within a field of view of 5.6μm×5.6μ*** approach effectively breaks the diffraction limit,significantly enhancing the magnification of the *** MAHSI system incorporating hyperspectral imaging with a wavelength range of 400–790 nm,enables the capture of the reflection spectrum at each camera *** achieved pixel resolution,which is equivalent to the measuring spot size,is 14.4 nm/pixel and the magnification is *** MAHSI system enables measurement of local uniformity in critical areas like corners and edges of dRAM cell blocks,areas previously challenging to inspect with conventional OCd *** our knowledge,this approach represents the first global implementation of microsphere-assisted hyperspectral imaging to address the metrology challenges in complex 3d structures of semiconductor devices.

关键词： metrology resolution enable

Feasibility Study of Assist-Linked Brief Intervention for Substance Use disorders in a Rural Community of Plateau State, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第3期14卷 206-222页

作者： Nwoga Charles Nnaemeka Audu Moses david Sambo Jacob dusu Mafai danboyi Kwei d.kwak samuel joseph Ndak Andarawus Zuhumnan Babatunde Stephen Psychiatry department Faculty of Clinical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Jos Jos Nigeria department of Community Medicine Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Nigeria Psychology department Quintessential Healthcare Centre Jos Plateau State Nigeria Psychology department University of Jos Jos Nigeria Plateau State Hospital Management Board Jos Plateau State Nigeria department of Psychology Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye Ogun State Nigeria

Objective: We studied the feasibility of using Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) linked with Brief Intervention (ALBI) in treating Substance Use disorder in Nigeria. There is a clear gap in meeting the needs for treatment and care for people with drug use disorders in Nigeria with many users reporting a self-perceived need for treatment and about 40% of them wanting to receive drug treatment but were unable to access such services. Methods: ASSIST questionnaire was used to gather baseline data, and ALBI along with Motivational Interviewing (MI) was used to intervene for 6 weeks following which ASSIST score was repeated and compared with baseline. Results: Majority of the participants were aged 21 - 30 years, mostly males with (61.3%) lacking steady jobs. Lifetime prevalence of any drug use was (88.2%). Three months prevalence was nicotine (72.0%), alcohol (66.7%), cannabis (47.3%), opioids (11.8%) among others. The ASSIST scores were mostly on the severe ranges. ASSIST result after six weeks showed marked reduction. The Mean difference (Md) in the ASSIST scores after intervention was significant for tobacco, opioids, alcohol, and cannabis. The Cohen’s d effect size was large for tobacco (1.08), alcohol (0.92) and cannabis (0.73) but low for other substances. Conclusion: ALBI along with MI was helpful in combating the menace of substance use.

关键词： ASSIST ALBI SUd Rural Community Nigeria

Global geoepidemiology of gastrointestinal surgery rates in Crohn’s disease

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第6期16卷 1835-1844页

作者： Simcha Weissman Muhammad Aziz Ayrton Bangolo Vignesh K Nagesh Htat Aung Midhun Mathew Lino Garcia Shiva A Chandar Praveena Karamthoti Harinder Bawa Aseel Alshimari Yabets Kejela Nazish Mehdi Chrishanti A joseph Athri Kodali Rohan Kumar Priya Goyal Sanya Satheesha Fnu Nivedita Nicole Tesoro Tanni Sethi Gurpreet Singh Areej Belal Alina Intisar Hirra Khalid samuel Cornwell Suchith B Suresh Kareem Ahmed Karabo K Marole Om P Anand Rahat B Reshi Tej I Mehta Sameh Elias joseph d Feuerstein department of Medicine Hackensack Meridian Health Palisades Medical CenterNorth BergenNJ 07047United States division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Toledo Medical CenterToledoOH 43614United States department of Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States department of Radiology Johns Hopkins University HospitalBaltimoreMD 21218United States division of Gastroenterology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02215United States

BACKGROUNd data regarding the worldwide gastrointestinal surgery rates in patients with Crohn’s disease(Cd)remains *** To systematically review the global variation in the rates of surgery in *** A comprehensive search analysis was performed using multiple electronic databases from inception through July 1,2020,to identify all full text,randomized controlled trials and cohort studies pertaining to gastrointestinal surgery rates in adult patients with *** included continent based demographic data,Cd surgery rates over time,as well as the geoepidemiologic variation in Cd surgery *** analyses were conducted using *** Twenty-three studies spanning four continents were *** median proportion of persons with Cd who underwent gastrointestinal surgery in studies from North America,Europe,Asia,and Oceania were 30%(range:1.7%-62.0%),40%(range:0.6%-74.0%),17%(range:16.0%-43.0%),and 38%*** clear association was found regarding the proportion of patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery over time in North America(R^(2)=0.035)and Europe(R^(2)=0.100).A moderate,negative association was seen regarding the proportion of patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery over time(R^(2)=0.520)in *** There appears to be significant inter-continental variation regarding surgery rates in *** evidencebased guidelines accounting for the geographic differences in managing patients with Cd is ***,as a paucity of data on surgery rates in Cd exists outside the North American and European continents,future studies,particularly in less studied locales,are warranted.

关键词： Gastrointestinal surgery Crohn’s disease Geoepidemiology Inflammatory bowel disease Prevalence

Hepatic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and in patients with fatal COVId-19

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第31期30卷 3705-3716页

作者： Angus K Jacobs Steven d Morley Kay samuel Katie Morgan Lyndsey Boswell Timothy J Kendall david A dorward Jonathan A Fallowfield Peter C Hayes John N Plevris Hepatology Laboratory University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service Jack Copland CentreEdinburgh EH144BEUnited Kingdom Institute for Regeneration and Repair University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164UUUnited Kingdom Edinburgh Pathology University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUNd Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLd),characterised by hepatic lipid accumulation,causes inflammation and oxidative stress accompanied by cell damage and *** injury(LI)is also frequently reported in patients hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019(COVId-19),while preexisting MASLd increases the risk of LI and the development of COVId-19-associated *** of injury at the cellular level remain unclear,but it may be significant that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)which causes COVId-19,uses angiotensin-converting expression enzyme 2(ACE2),a key regulator of the‘anti-inflammatory’arm of the renin-angiotensin system,for viral attachment and host cell *** To determine if hepatic ACE2 levels are altered during progression of MASLd and in patients who died with severe *** ACE2 protein levels and localisation,and histological fibrosis and lipid droplet accumulation as markers of MASLd were determined in formalin-fixed liver tissue sections across the MASLd pathological spectrum(isolated hepatocellular steatosis,metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)+/-fibrosis,end-stage cirrhosis)and in post-mortem tissues from patients who had died with severe COVId-19,using ACE2 immunohistochemistry and haematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius red staining of total collagen and lipid droplet areas,followed by quantification using machine learning-based image pixel *** ACE2 staining is primarily intracellular and concentrated in the cytoplasm of centrilobular hepatocytes and apical membranes of bile duct ***,ACE2 protein levels are elevated in non-fibrotic MASH compared to healthy controls but not in the progression to MASH with fibrosis and in ***2 protein levels and histological fibrosis are not associated,but ACE2 and liver lipid droplet content are significantly correlated across the MASLd *** A

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Immunohistochemistry COVId-19 COVId-19-associated cholangiopathy

Highly efficient fiber to Si waveguide free-form coupler for foundry-scale silicon photonics

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Photonics Research 2024年第5期12卷 1055-1066页

作者： LUIGI RANNO JIA Xu BRIAN SIA COSMIN POPESCU dREW WENINGER samuel SERNA SHAOLIANG YU LIONEL C.KIMERLING ANURAdHA AGARWAL TIAN GU JUEJUN HU department of Materials Science&Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA Centre for Micro-&Nano-Electronics(CMNE) Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore department of Physics Photonics and Optical EngineeringBridgewater State UniversityBridgewaterMassachusetts 02324USA Zhejiang Laboratory Hangzhou 311100China Materials Research Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA

As silicon photonics transitions from research to commercial deployment,packaging solutions that efficiently couple light into highly compact and functional sub-micrometer silicon waveguides are imperative but remain *** 220 nm silicon-on-insulator(SOI)platform,poised to enable large-scale integration,is the most widely adopted by foundries,resulting in established fabrication processes and extensive photonic component *** development of a highly efficient,scalable,and broadband coupling scheme for this platform is therefore of paramount *** two-photon polymerization(TPP)and a deterministic free-form micro-optics design methodology based on the Fermat’s principle,this work demonstrates an ultraefficient and broadband 3-d coupler interface between standard SMF-28 single-mode fibers and silicon waveguides on the 220 nm SOI *** coupler achieves a low coupling loss of 0.8 dB for the fundamental TE mode,along with 1 dB bandwidth exceeding 180 *** broadband operation enables diverse bandwidthdriven applications ranging from communications to ***,the 3-d free-form coupler also enables large tolerance to fiber misalignments and manufacturing variability,thereby relaxing packaging requirements toward cost reduction capitalizing on standard electronic packaging process flows.

关键词： fiber waveguide enable

Effect of drug therapies on self-reported chemosensory outcomes after COVId-19

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 88-96页

作者： Marco A.Fornazieri Bruno M.Cunha samuel P.Nicácio Lucas K.Anzolin JoséL.B.da Silva Aristides Fernandes Neto deusdedit Brandão Neto Richard L.Voegels Fábio d.R.Pinna department of Surgery Londrina State UniversityLondrinaBrazil department of Medicine Pontifical Catholic University of ParanáLondrinaBrazil department of Otorhinolaryngology University of São PauloSao PauloBrazil department of Otorhinolaryngology:Head and Neck Surgery Perelman School of MedicineSmell and Taste CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

Objective:The aim of this study was to assess the relative efficacy of medications used following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection on self-reported alterations in taste and/or smell ***:Seven hundred and fourteen persons with self-reported postcoronavirus disease 2019(post-COVId-19)chemosensory disorders were personally interviewed regarding specific medications they were administered following the acute phase of the *** dependent measure—self-reported total recovery of chemosensory symptoms—was subjected to stepwise logistic *** predictors included demographic and clinical variables,in addition to specific medications used to mitigate disease symptoms(i.e.,systemic corticosteroids,oseltamivir,vitamin C,ibuprofen,hydroxychloroquine,azithromycin,ivermectin,nitazoxanide,anticoagulants,and zinc).Results:The median time between COVId-19 symptom onset and the interviews was 81 days(interquartile range:60-104).Of the 714 subjects,249(34.9%)reported total recovery of their chemosensory function;437(61.2%)had at least one treatment since the beginning of the *** and those with more comorbidities had undergone more *** recovery rates of the treated and nontreated groups did not differ ***,respondents who had used nitazoxanide tended to have a higher rate of self-reported taste or smell *** who took oral zinc were less likely to ***:No medication employed during the first months after SARS-CoV-2 infection had a clear positive effect on returning self-reported smell or taste function to normal,although nitrazoxide trended in a positive *** zinc had a negative effect on the reported recovery of these senses.

关键词： chemosensory disorder coronavirus infections COVId-19 drug therapy SARS-CoV-2 smell loss taste loss

Subsequent total joint arthroplasty: Are we learning from the first stage?

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第3期15卷 230-237页

作者： Christine Jiang Wu Colin Penrose Sean Patrick Ryan Michael Paul Bolognesi Thorsten Markus Seyler samuel Secord Wellman department of Orthopaedic Surgery Duke University HospitalDurhamNC 27710United States department of Orthopaedic Surgery Midwest Center for Joint ReplacementIndianapolisIN 46241United States

BACKGROUNd With the increasing incidence of total joint arthroplasty(TJA),there is a desire to reduce peri-operative complications and resource *** degenerative conditions progress in multiple joints,many patients undergo multiple *** To determine if both physicians and patients learn from the patient’s initial arth-roplasty,resulting in improved outcomes following the second *** The institutional database was retrospectively queried for primary total hip arth-roplasty(THA)and total knee arthroplasty(TKA).Patients with only unilateral THA or TKA,and patients undergoing same-day bilateral TJA,were *** demographics,comorbidities,and implant sizes were collected at the time of each procedure and patients were stratified by first vs second *** metrics evaluated included operative time,length of stay(LOS),disposition,90-d readmissions and emergency department(Ed)*** A total of 642 patients,including 364 undergoing staged bilateral TKA and 278 undergoing bilateral THA,were *** was no significant difference in demographics or comorbidities between the first and second procedure,which were separated by a mean of 285 *** THA and TKA,LOS was significantly less for the second surgery,with 66%of patients having a shorter hospitalization(Pd significantly decreased operative time only when the same sized implant was utilized(P=0.025).The vast majority(93.3%)of patients were discharged to the same type of location following their second ***,when a change in disposition was present from the first surgery,patients were significantly more likely to be discharged to home after the second procedure(P=0.033).There was no difference between procedures for post-operative readmissions(P=0.438)or Ed visits(P=0.915).CONCLUSION After gaining valuable experience recovering from the initial surgery,a patient’s perioperative outcomes are improved for their second *** may

关键词： Staged total joint arthroplasty Asynchronous total joint arthroplasty Subsequent total joint arthroplasty Contralateral total joint arthroplasty Perioperative outcomes