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Temperature and structure measurements of heavy-ion-heated diamond using in situ X-ray diagnostics

Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 80-89页

作者： J.Lutgert P.Hesselbach M.Schorner V.Bagnoud R.Belikov P.drechsel B.Heuser O.SHumphries P.Katrik B.Lindqvist C.Qu R.Redmer d.Riley G.Schaumann S.Schumacher A.Tauschwitz d.Varentsov K.Weyrich X.Yu B.Zielbauer Zs.Major P.Neumayer d.kraus Institut fur Physik Universitat RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str.2318059 RostockGermany GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung Planckstr.164291 DarmstadtGermany Institut für Angewandte Physik Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainMax-von-Laue-Str.160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany Institut fur Geowissenschaften Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am MainAltenhoferallee 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany Helmholtz-Zentrum dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstr.40001328 DresdenGermany European XFEL GmbH Holzkoppel 422869 SchenefeldGermany Centre for Plasma Physics School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastUniversity RoadBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom Institut für Kernphysik Technische Universität DarmstadtSchlossgartenstr.964289 DarmstadtGermany State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Institute of Heavy Ion PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Helmholtz Institut Jena Frobelstieg 307743 JenaGermany

We present in situ measurements of spectrally resolved X-ray scattering and X-ray diffraction from monocrystalline diamond samples heatedwith an intense pulse of heavy *** this way,we determine the samples’heating dynamics and their microscopic and macroscopic structuralintegrity over a timespan of several *** the ratio of elastic to inelastic scattering with state-of-the-art density functionaltheory molecular dynamics simulations allows the inference of average temperatures around 1300 K,in agreement with predictions fromstopping power *** simultaneous diffraction measurements show no hints of any volumetric graphitization of the material,butdo indicate the onset of fracture in the diamond *** experiments pave the way for future studies at the Facility for Antiproton andIon Research,where a substantially increased intensity of the heavy ion beam will be available.

关键词： heated intense structure

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dynamically pre-compressed hydrocarbons studied by self-impedance mismatch

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2020年第2期5卷 26-32页

作者： N.J.Hartley C.Zhang X.duan L.G.Huang S.Jiang Y.Li L.Yang A.Pelka Z.Wang J.Yang d.kraus Helmholtz-Zentrum dresden-Rossendorf 01328 DresdenGermany Laser Fusion Research Center China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyangChina Institute of Fluid Physics China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyangChina European XFEL GmbH 22869 SchenefeldGermany Technische Universitat dresden 01062 DresdenGermany

Using the SG-III prototype laser at China Academy of Engineering Physics,Mianyang,we irradiated polystyrene(CH)samples with a thermal radiation drive,reaching conditions on the principal Hugoniot up to P≈1 TPa(10 Mbar),and away from the Hugoniot up to P≈300 GPa(3 Mbar).The response of each sample was measured with a velocity interferometry diagnostic to determine the material and shock velocity,and hence the conditions reached,and the reflectivity of the sample,from which changes in the conductivity can be *** applying the selfimpedance mismatch technique with the measured velocities,the pressure and density of thermodynamic points away from the principal Hugoniot were *** results show an unexpectedly large reflectivity at the highest shock pressures,while the off-Hugoniot points agree with previous work suggesting that shock-compressed CH conductivity is primarily temperature-dependent.

关键词： impedance reflectivity shock

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汽油机可变涡轮增压器

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汽车与新动力 2019年第1期2卷 74-76页

作者： N.Al-Hasan R.B9ning d.kraus I.Sandor 范明强不详

汽油机因废气温度较高,可采用高效率可变涡轮增压器,若同时与米勒-阿特金森循环相结合,将会获得较为有利的工作条件。目前,德国大陆公司已开发出了Vraax可变涡轮增压器。

关键词：汽油机可变技术涡轮增压器

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Targets for high repetition rate laser facilities:needs,challenges and perspectives

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2017年第3期5卷 10-40页

作者： I.Prencipe J.Fuchs S.Pascarelli d.W.Schumacher R.B.Stephens N.B.Alexander R.Briggs M.Büscher M.O.Cernaianu A.Choukourov M.de Marco A.Erbe J.Fassbender G.Fiquet P.Fitzsimmons C.Gheorghiu J.Hund L.G.Huang M.Harmand N.J.Hartley A.Irman T.Kluge Z.Konopkova S.Kraft d.kraus V.Leca d.Margarone J.Metzkes K.Nagai W.Nazarov P.Lutoslawski d.Papp M.Passoni A.Pelka J.P.Perin J.Schulz M.Smid C.Spindloe S.Steinke R.Torchio C.Vass T.Wiste R.Zaffino K.Zeil T.Tschentscher U.Schramm T.E.Cowan Institute of Radiation Physics Helmholtz–Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf LULI–CNRS Ecole PolytechniqueCEA:UniversitéParis-Saclay European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Ohio State University University of Pennsylvania Inertial Fusion Technologies General Atomics Peter Grünberg Institute PGI-6 Forschungzentrum Jülich Heinrich-Heine-University düsseldorf Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&d in Physics and Nuclear Engineering(IFIN-HH)–Extreme Light Infrastructure–Nuclear Physics(ELI-NP) Institute of Physics ASCR FZUELI-Beamlines project department of Macromolecular Physics Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles University in Prague Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Helmholtz–Zentrum Dresden–Rossendorf Technische Universitüt dresden Institut de minéralogie de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie Schafer Corporation European XFEL Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research(IIR)Tokyo Institute of Technology ELI-ALPS ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd. department of Energy Politecnico di Milano INFN-Sezione di Milano CEA Grenoble INACService des Basses Temperatures Science and Technology Facilities Council Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Scitech Precision Ltd Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona National Center of MicroelectronicSpanish Research Council University of St.Andrews

A number of laser facilities coming online all over the world promise the capability of high-power laser experiments with shot repetition rates between 1 and 10 Hz. Target availability and technical issues related to the interaction environment could become a bottleneck for the exploitation of such facilities. In this paper, we report on target needs for three different classes of experiments: dynamic compression physics, electron transport and isochoric heating, and laser-driven particle and radiation sources. We also review some of the most challenging issues in target fabrication and high repetition rate operation. Finally, we discuss current target supply strategies and future perspectives to establish a sustainable target provision infrastructure for advanced laser facilities.

关键词： high-energy density physics target design and fabrication

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Population Attributable Fractions for Modifiable Factors of Longevity and Healthy Longevity Among the Late-Elderly Aged 75 Years or Older—China,1998-2018

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China CdC weekly 2023年第2期5卷 25-30,I0001-I0003页

作者： Jinhui Zhou Xiang Gao Yuan Wei Chen Chen Jun Wang Zhenwei Zhang Xinwei Li Lihong Ye Jiaming Ye Sixin Liu Xiaochang Zhang Feng Zhao Juan Zhang Virginia Byers kraus Yuebin Lyu Chen Mao Xiaoming Shi China CdC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health National Institute of Environmental HealthChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public HealthInstitute of NutritionFudan UniversityShanghaiChina department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina School of Population Medicine and Public Health Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina division of Non-communicable disease and Aging Health Management Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina duke Molecular Physiology Institute and division of Rheumatology Department of MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Center for Global Health School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Limited evidence on healthy longevity was provided in the world,and no studies investigated the fractions of healthy longevity attributed to modifiable *** is added by this report?Incidences of longevity and healthy longevity in China are *** reveals that the total weighted population attributable fractions for lifestyles and all modifiable factors were 32.8% and 83.7% for longevity,respectively,and 30.4% and 73.4% for healthy longevity,*** are the implications for public health practice?China has a high potential for longevity and healthy *** may be targeted at education and residence in early life as well as healthy lifestyles,disease prevention,and functional optimization in late life.

关键词： prevention attributed education

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Bumblebees adjust protein and lipid collection rules to the presence of brood

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 437-446页

作者： Stephane kraus Tamara Gomez-Moracho Cristian Pasquaretta Gerard Latil Audrey dussutour Mathieu Lihoreau Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA) Center for Intergrative Biology (CBI)CNRS University Paul Sabatier Toulouse France

Animals have evolved foraging strategies to acquire blends of nutrients that maximize fitness traits. In social insects, nu trie nt regulation is complicated by the fact that few in dividuals, the foragers, must address the diverge nt nutritional n eeds of all colony members simulta neously, includi ng other workers, the reproductives, and the brood. Here we used 3d nutritional geometry design to examine how bumblebee workers regulate their collection of 3 major macronutrients in the presence and absenee of brood. We provided small colonies artificial nectars (liquid diets) and pollens (solid diets) varying in their compositions of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates during 2 weeks. Colo nies give n a choice betwee n nutrition ally complementary diets self-selected foods to reach a target ratio of 71% proteins, 6% carbohydrates, and 23% lipids, irrespective of the presenee of brood. Whe n con fined to a single nutrition ally imbalanced solid diet, colonies without brood regulated lipid collection and over-collected protein relative to this target ratio, whereas colonies with brood regulated both lipid and protein collection. This brood effect on the regulation of nutrient collection by workers suggests that protein levels are critical for larval development. Our results highlight the importa nee of con sidering bee nu trition as a multidimensi onal phe no men on to better assess the effects of environmental impoverishment and malnutrition on population declines.

关键词： artificial diets Bombus terrestris bumble bees nutritional geometry rule of compromise

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神经探测仪在甲状腺手术中的应用与评价

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中华普通外科杂志 2003年第12期18卷 731-732页

作者：潘凯 Gebhardt C kraus d 暨南大学医学院第二附属医院暨深圳市人民医院普外科深圳518020 德国爱尔兰根大学医学院纽伦堡医院普外科

目的探索甲状腺复杂手术中应用神经探测仪探寻和保护喉返神经的方法。方法应用神经探测仪在 2 0例复杂甲状腺手术中探寻和保护喉返神经。结果 2 0例复杂甲状腺手术患者术后无一例出现喉返神经受损的临床症状。结论神经探测仪应用于复杂... 详细信息

目的探索甲状腺复杂手术中应用神经探测仪探寻和保护喉返神经的方法。方法应用神经探测仪在 2 0例复杂甲状腺手术中探寻和保护喉返神经。结果 2 0例复杂甲状腺手术患者术后无一例出现喉返神经受损的临床症状。结论神经探测仪应用于复杂的甲状腺手术中 ,对于保护喉返神经免于误伤有着较大的临床意义。其方法简便易行 ,可靠有实效。

关键词：神经探测仪甲状腺手术应用评价

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Recruitment of additional corticospinal pathways in the human brain with state-dependent paired associative stimulation

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中华物理医学与康复杂志 2019年第5期41卷 387-387页

作者： kraus d Naros G Guggenberger R 不详

BACKGROUNd ANd OBJECTIVE Standard brain stimulation protocols modify human motor cortex excitability by modulating the gain of the activated corticospinal pathways. However, the restoration of motor function following lesions of the corticospinal tract requires also the recruitment of additional neurons to increase the net corticospinal output. For this purpose, we investigated a novel protocol based on brain state-dependent paired associative stimulation.

关键词： event-related desynchronization(ERd) activated corticospinal pathways additional neurons

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Avian introgression in the genomic era

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Avian Research 2017年第4期8卷 181-191页

作者： Jente Ottenburghs Robert H.S.kraus Pim van Hooft Sipke E.van Wieren Ronald C.Ydenberg Herbert H.T.Prins Resource Ecology Group Wageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 3a6708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands department of Biology University of Konstanz78457 ConstanceGermany department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology Max Planck Institute for OrnithologyAm Obstberg 178315 RadolfzellGermany Centre of Wildlife Ecology Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBC V5A 1S6Canada

Introgression,the incorporation of genetic material from one(sub)species into the gene pool of another by means of hybridization and backcrossing,is a common phenomenon in birds and can provide important insights into the speciation *** the last decade,the toolkit for studying introgression has expanded together with the development of molecular *** this review,we explore how genomic data,the most recent step in this methodological progress,impacts different aspects in the study of avian ***,the detection of hybrids and backcrosses has improved *** most widely used software package is *** discordance(*** loci resulting in discordant gene trees) is another means for the detection of introgression,although it should be regarded as a starting point for further analyses,not as a definitive proof of ***,disentangling introgression from other biological processes,such as incomplete lineage sorting,remains a challenging endeavour,although new techniques,such as the d-statistic,are being *** addition,phylogenetics might require a shift from trees to ***,the study of hybrid zones by means of geographical or genomic cline analysis has led to important insights into the complex interplay between hybridization and ***,because each hybrid zone study is just a single snapshot of a complex and continuously changing interaction,hybrid zones should be studied across different temporal and/or spatial scales.A third powerful tool is the genome *** debate on which evolutionary processes underlie the genomic landscape is still ongoing,as is the question whether loci involved in reproductive isolation cluster together in ‘islands of speciation' or whether they are scattered throughout the *** genomic landscapes across the avian tree of life will be an exciting field for further ***,the findings from these different methods shoul

关键词： Admixture Cline theory d-statictic Genomic landscape Hybridization Phylogenetic discordance

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Psychiatric side effects of pegylated interferon alfa-2b as compared to conventional interferon alfa-2b in patients with chronic hepatitis C

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第12期11卷 1769-1774页

作者： Michael R kraus Arne Sch(a|¨)fer Herbert Csef Michael Scheurlen Medizinische Poliklinik

AIM: To assess systematically the spectrum and extent of depressive symptoms comparing patient groups receiving peginterferon or conventional ***: Ninety-eight patients with chronic hepatitis C and interferon-based therapy (+ribavirin) were consecutively enrolled in a longitudinal study. Patients were treated with conventional interferon alfa-2b (48/98patients; 5 MIU interferon alfa-2b thrice weekly) or peginterferon alfa-2b (50/98 patients; 80-150 μgpeginterferon alfa-2b) in combination with weight-adapted ribavirin (800-1 200 mg/d). Repeated psychometric testing was performed before, three times during and once after antiviral therapy: depression was evaluated by the Hospital Anxiety and depression Scale (HAdS), anger/hostility by the Symptom Checklist-90 Items Revised (SCL-90-R).RESULTS: Therapy with pegylated interferon alfa-2bproduces comparable scores for depression (ANOVA:P = 0.875) as compared to conventional *** of depression scores were even higher and cases of clinically relevant depression were frequent during therapy with peginterferon. Scores for anger/hostility were comparable for both therapy ***: Our findings suggest that the extent and frequency of depressive symptoms in total are not reduced by peginterferon. Monitoring and management of neuropsychiatric toxicity especially depression have to be considered as much as in antiviral therapy with unmodified interferon.

关键词：精神病学干扰素α-2b 慢性丙型肝炎抑郁症状

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