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Friend or foe? Using eye-tracking technology to investigate the visual discrimination ability of giant pandas

Current Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 430-439页

作者： Xinrui Huang Guo Li Guiquan Zhang Zixiang Li Lin Zhao Mengdie Zhu Qinghua Xiang Xuefeng liu Mei Tian Hemin Zhang Christina d.Buesching dingzhen liu Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringDepartment of EcologyCollege of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant PandaSichuan 623004China School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Beijing Key Laboratoryof CaptiveWildlife Technology Beijing ZooBeijing100044China department of Biology Irving K.Barber Faculty of ScienceThe University of British ColumbiaOkanagan CampusKelownaBCCanada

The role that visual discriminative ability plays among giant pandas in social communication and individual discrimination has received less attention than olfactory and auditory ***,we used an eye-tracker technology to investigate pupil fixation patterns for 8 captive male giant pandas Ailuropoda *** paired images(N=26)of conspecifics against:1)sympatric predators(gray wolves and tigers),and non-threatening sympatric species(golden pheasant,golden snub-nosed monkey,takin,and red panda),2)conspecifics with atypical fur colora-tion(albino and brown),and 3)zookeepers/non-zookeepers wearing either work uniform or plain *** each session,we tracked the pan-da's pupil movements and measured pupil first fixation point(FFP),fixation latency,total fixation count(TFC),and duration(TFd)of attention to each ***,pandas exhibited similar attention(FFPs and TFCs)to images of predators and non-threatening sympatric *** of golden pheasant,snub-nosed monkey,and tiger received less attention(TFd)than images of conspecifics,whereas images of takin and red panda received more attention,suggesting a greater alertness to habitat or food competitors than to potential ***'TFCs were greater for images of black-white conspecifics than for albino or brown phenotypes,implying that familiar color elicited more *** reacted differently to images of men versus *** images of women only,pandas gave more attention(TFC)to familiar combinations(uniformed zookeepers and plain-clothed non-zookeepers),consistent with the familiarity *** pandas can use visual perception to discriminate intra-specifically and inter-specifically,including details of human appearance,has applications for panda conservation and captive husband.y.

关键词： eye movement tracker giant panda images total fixation duration total pupil fixation count visual discrimination.

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Li-air batteries:air stability of lithium metal anodes

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第1期67卷 122-136页

作者： Renfei Cao Kai Chen Jianwei liu Gang Huang Wanqiang liu Xinbo Zhang School of Materials Science and Engineering Changchun University of Science and TechnologyChangchun 130022China State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChangchun 130022China

Aprotic rechargeable lithium-air batteries(LABs)with an ultrahigh theoretical energy density(3,500 Wh kg^(-1))are known as the‘holy grail’of energy storage systems and could replace Li-ion batteries as the next-generation high-capacity batteries if a practical device could be ***,only a few researches focus on the battery performance and reactions in the ambient air environment,which is a major obstacle to promote the practical application of ***,we have summarized the recent research progress on LABs,especially with respect to the Li metal *** chemical and electrochemical deteriorations of the Li metal anode under the ambient air are discussed in detail,and the parasitic reactions involving the cathode and electrolyte during the charge-discharge processes are *** also provide stability perspectives on protecting the Li metal anodes and propose design principles for realizing high-performance LABs.

关键词： parasitic reaction lithium metal anode anode protection Li-air batteries

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3d printed silicon-based micro-lattices with ultrahigh areal/gravimetric capacities and robust structural stability for lithium-ion batteries

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2693-2703页

作者： Jie Fu dong Wang yan Li Xianzheng liu Rui Zhang Zhiyuan liu Pengdong liu Lijuan Zhang Xuefei Li Guangwu Wen School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University of TechnologyZibo 255000China Shandong Si-Nano Materials Technology Co. Ltd.Zibo 255000China

Nanostructured silicon anodes have shown extraordinary lithium storage properties for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)but are usually achieved at low areal loadings(<1.5 mg·cm^(-2))with low areal *** sound electrochemical... 详细信息

Nanostructured silicon anodes have shown extraordinary lithium storage properties for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)but are usually achieved at low areal loadings(d electrochemical performance at high loading requires proportionally higher ion/electron currents and robust structural stability in the thicker ***,we report a three-dimensional(3d)printed silicon-graphene-carbon nanotube(3d-Si/G/C)electrode for simultaneously achieving ultrahigh areal/gravimetric capacities at high mass *** periodically arranged vertical channels and hierarchically porous filaments facilitate sufficient electrolyte infiltration and rapid ion diffusion,and the carbonaceous network provides excellent electron transport properties and mechanical integrity,thus endowing the printed 3d-Si/G/C electrode with fast electrochemical reaction kinetics and reversibility at high mass ***,the 3d-Si/G/C with high areal mass loading of 12.9 mg·cm^(-2) exhibits excellent areal capacity of 12.8 mAh·cm^(-2) and specific capacity of 1007 mAh·g^(-1),***-situ optical microscope and ex-situ scanning electron microscope(SEM)confirm that the hierarchically porous filaments with interconnected carbon skeletons effectively suppress the volume change of silicon and maintain stable micro-lattice architecture.A 3d printed 3d-Si/G/C-1||3d-LiFePO_(4)/G full cell holds excellent cyclic stability(capacity retention rate of 78%after 50 cycles)with an initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)of 96%.This work validates the feasibility of 3d printing on constructing high mass loading silicon anode for practical high energy-density LIBs.

关键词： silicon anode areal capacity three-dimensional(3d)printing lithium-ion batteries

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Temporal and spatial regulation of biomimetic vascularization in 3d-printed skeletal muscles

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Bio-design and Manufacturing 2024年第5期7卷 597-610页

作者： Minxuan Jia Tingting Fan Tan Jia Xin liu Heng liu Qi Gu Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Beijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China department of Orthopaedics Beijing Jishuitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100035China

In the intricate skeletal muscle tissue,the symbiotic relationship between myotubes and their supporting vasculature is pivotal in delivering essential oxygen and *** study explored the complex interplay between skeletal muscle and endothelial cells in the vascularization ofmuscle *** harnessing the capabilities of three-dimensional(3d)bioprinting and modeling,we developed a novel approach involving the co-construction of endothelial and muscle cells,followed by their subsequent *** findings highlight the importance of the interaction dynamics between these two cell ***,introducing endothelial cells during the advanced phases of muscle differentiation enhanced myotube ***,it stimulated the development of the vascular network,paving the way for the early stages of vascularized skeletal muscle *** methodology proposed in this study indicates the potential for constructing large-scale,physiologically aligned skeletal ***,it highlights the need for exploring the delicate equilibrium and mutual interactions between muscle and endothelial *** on the multicell-type interaction model,we can predict promising pathways for constructing even more intricate tissues or organs.

关键词： Skeletal muscle Vascularization 3d bioprinting Cell interaction

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An improved GNSS ambiguity best integer equivariant estimation method with Laplacian distribution for urban low-cost RTK positioning

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Satellite Navigation 2024年第1期5卷 109-124页

作者： ying liu Wanke liu Xiaohong Zhang yantao Liang Xianlu Tao Liye Ma School of Geodesy and Geomatics Hubei Luojia LaboratoryWuhan University129 Luoyu RoadWuhan430079HubeiChina Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping Wuhan University129 Luoyu RoadWuhan430079HubeiChina School of Instrument Science and Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina The 54 Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group CorporationShijiazhuang050081HebeiChina State Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation System and Equipment Technology Shijiazhuang050081HebeiChina

The integer least squares(ILS)estimation is commonly used for carrier phase ambiguity resolution(AR).More recently,the best integer equivariant(BIE)estimation has also attracted an attention for complex application scenarios,which exhibits higher reliability by a weighted fusion of integer ***,traditional BIE estimation with Gaussian distribution(GBIE)faces challenges in fully utilizing the advantages of BIE for urban low-cost positioning,mainly due to the presence of outliers and unmodeled *** this end,an improved BIE estimation method with Laplacian distribution(LBIE)is proposed,and several key issues are discussed,including the weight function of LBIE,determination of the candidates included based on the OIA test,and derivation of the variance of LBIE solutions for reliability *** results show that the proposed LBIE method has the positioning accuracy similar to the BIE using multivariate t-distribution(TBIE),and significantly outperforms the ILS-PAR and GBIE *** an urban expressway test with a Huawei Mate40 smartphone,the LBIE method has positioning errors of less than 0.5 m in three directions and obtains over 50%improvements compared to the ILS-PAR and GBIE *** an urban canyon test with a low-cost receiver STA8100 produced by STMicroelectronics,the positioning accuracy of LBIE in three directions is 0.112 m,0.107 m,and 0.252 m,respectively,with improvements of 17.6%,27.2%,and 26.1%compared to GBIE,and 23.3%,28.2%,and 30.6%compared to ***,its computational time increases by 30–40%compared to ILS-PAR and is approximately half of that using TBIE.

关键词： Ambiguity resolution Best integer equivariant estimation Laplacian distribution Urban environments Low-cost GNSS receivers Real-time kinematic

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Accelerating H^(*)desorption of hollow Mo_(2)C nanoreactor via in-situ grown carbon dots for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第9期96卷 464-471页

作者： Mengmeng liu yuanyuan Jiang Zhuwei Cao Lulu liu Hong Chen Sheng ye School of Materials and Chemistry Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036AnhuiChina

Molybdenum carbide(Mo_(2)C)is a promising non-noble metal electrocatalyst with electronic structures similar to Pt for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).However,strong H^(*)adsorption at the Mo sites hinders the improvement of HER ***,we synthesized monodisperse hollow Mo_(2)C nanoreactors,in which the carbon dots(Cd)were in situ formed onto the surface of Mo_(2)C through carburization *** to finite element simulation and analysis,the Cd@Mo_(2)C possesses better mesoscale diffusion properties than Mo_(2)C *** optimized Cd@Mo_(2)C nanoreactor demonstrates superior HER performance in alkaline electrolyte with a low overpotential of 57 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2),which is better than most Mo_(2)C-based ***,Cd@Mo_(2)C exhibits excellent electrochemical stability during 240 h,confirmed by operando Raman and X-ray diffraction(XRd).density functional theory(dFT)calculations show that carbon dots cause the d-band center of Cd@Mo_(2)C to shift away from Fermi level,promoting water dissociation and the desorption of H^(*).This study provides a reasonable strategy towards high-activity Mo-based HER eletrocatalysts by modulating the strength of Mo–H bonds.

关键词： Mo_(2)C nanoreactor Carbon dots H^(*)desorption Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution

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Investigating the impact of dynamic structural changes of Au/rutile catalysts on the catalytic activity of CO oxidation

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Carbon Energy 2024年第4期6卷 222-232页

作者： Xiaochun Hu Qianwenhao Fan Mingwu Tan yuqing Luo Xianyue Wu Manoel y.Manuputty Jie ding Tej S.Choksi Markus Kraft Rong Xu Zhiqiang Sun Wen liu School of Energy Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangshaChina School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education SingaporeSingapore Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and EnvironmentJurong IslandSingapore College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South UniversityChangshaChina department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgeCambridgeUK

The surface properties of oxidic supports and their interaction with the supported metals play critical roles in governing the catalytic activities of oxide‐supported metal *** metals are supported on reducible oxides,dynamic surface reconstruction phenomena,including strong metal–support interaction(SMSI)and oxygen vacancy formation,complicate the determination of the structural–functional relationship at the active ***,we performed a systematic investigation of the dynamic behavior of Au nanocatalysts supported on flame‐synthesized TiO_(2),which takes predominantly a rutile phase,using CO oxidation above room temperature as a probe *** analysis conclusively elucidated a negative correlation between the catalytic activity of Au/TiO_(2) and the oxygen vacancy at the Au/TiO_(2) *** the reversible formation and retracting of SMSI overlayers have been ubiquitously observed on Au/TiO_(2) samples,the catalytic consequence of SMSI remains *** functional theory suggests that the electron transfer from TiO_(2) to Au is correlated to the presence of the interfacial oxygen vacancies,retarding the catalytic activation of CO oxidation.

关键词： CO oxidation electronic metal-support interactions flame‐synthesis metal-support interactions oxygen vacancy strong metal-support interaction

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Electron vortex generations in photoionization of hydrogen atoms by circularly-polarized chirped attosecond pulses

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第1期76卷 111-118页

作者： Bingshuang Zhang Xiaoyu liu Fengzheng Zhu Liguang Jiao Aihua liu Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China School of Mathematics and Physics Hubei Polytechnic UniversityHuangshi 435003China College of Physics Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Helmholtz-Institut Jena D-07743 JenaGermany State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics Chinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710119China

By numerically solving the time-dependent Schr?dinger equation and employing the analytical perturbative model,we investigated the chirp-induced electron vortex in the photoionization of hydrogen atoms by a pair of counter-rotating circularly polarized chirped attosecond extremely ultraviolet *** demonstrated that single-photon ionization of hydrogen atoms generates photoelectron momentum distributions(PMds)with distinct helical vortex structures either with or without a time delay between two counter-rotating circularly polarized laser *** structures are highly sensitive to both the time delay between the pulses and their chirp *** analytical model reveals that the splitting of vortex spirals is caused by the sign changing of the chirp-induced frequency-dependent time *** showed that to obtain the counterpart of the PMd under a pair of counter-rotating circularly polarized chirped pulses,both chirp parameters and ordering of pulses need to be reversed.

关键词： photoionization ultrafast processes ultrafast dynamics electron vortex

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Understory seedlings of Quercus mongolica survive by phenological escape

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第2期11卷 236-246页

作者： Shixiong Wu ying liu Lulu He Wei Zeng Qijing liu College of Forestry Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China

Understanding understory seedling regeneration mechanisms is important for the sustainable development of temperate primary forests in the context of increasingly intense climate warming *** poor regeneration of dominant tree species,however,is one of the biggest challenges it faces at the ***,the regeneration of the shade-intolerant Quercus mongolica seedling is difficult in primary forests,which contrasts with the extreme abundance of understory seedlings in secondary *** mechanism behind the interesting phenomenon is still *** study used in-situ monitoring and nursery-controlled experiment to investigate the survival rate,growth performance,as well as nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations and pools of various organ tissues of seedlings for two consecutive years,further analyze the understory light availability and simulate the foliage carbon (C) gain in the secondary and primary *** suggested that seedlings in the secondary forest had greater biomass allocation aboveground,height and specific leaf area (SLA) in summer,which allowed the seedling to survive longer in the canopy closure *** light availability and positive C gain in early spring and late autumn are key factors affecting the growth and survival of understory seedlings in the secondary forest,whereas seedlings in the primary forest had annual negative carbon *** the growing season,the total NSC concentrations of seedlings gradually decreased,whereas those of seedlings in the secondary forest increased significantly in autumn,and were mainly stored in roots for winter consumption and the following year's summer shade period,which was verified by the nursery-controlled experiment that simulated autumn enhanced light availability improved seedling survival rate and NSC *** conclusion,our results revealed the survival trade-off strategies of Quercus mongolica seedlings and highlighted the necessity of high light availability d

关键词： Carbon gain Nonstructural carbohydrate Recruitment Trade-off Biomass allocation

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y-Tuning: an efficient tuning paradigm for large-scale pre-trained models via label representation learning

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第4期18卷 107-116页

作者： yitao liu Chenxin AN Xipeng QIU School of Computer Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

With current success of large-scale pre-trained models(PTMs),how efficiently adapting PTMs to downstream tasks has attracted tremendous attention,especially for PTMs with billions of *** work focuses on designing parameter-efficient tuning paradigms but needs to save and compute the gradient of the whole computational *** this paper,we propose y-Tuning,an efficient yet effective paradigm to adapt frozen large-scale PTMs to specific downstream tasks.y-Tuning learns dense representations for labels y defined in a given task and aligns them to fixed feature *** computing the gradients of text encoder at training phrase,y-Tuning is not only parameterefficient but also *** results show that for deBERTaxxL with 1.6 billion parameters,y-Tuning achieves performance more than 96%of full fine-tuning on GLUE Benchmark with only 2%tunable parameters and much fewer training costs.

关键词： pre-trained model lightweight fine-tuning paradigms label representation

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