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Technical Perspective:Research on General-Purpose Brain-Inspired Computing Systems

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journal of Computer Science & Technology 2024年第1期39卷 1-3页

作者： Oliver rhodes department of Computer Science University of ManchesterManchester M139PLU.K

Brain-inspired computing is a popular research area with the potential to advance our understanding of brain function,artificial intelligence,and next-generation computing *** referred to as"neuromorphic",these systems and algorithms hope to harness mechanisms present in brains to make step changes in perfor-mance over regular von Neumann based approaches[1].

关键词： artificial computing Brain

Rodent biology and ecologically based rodent management(EBRM)-25 years of progress through promoting multidisciplinary research

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 2-7页

作者： Grant R. SINGLETON Lyn A. HINdS rhodes MAKUNdI Steven R. BELMAIN Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich Kent UK CSIRO Health and Biosecurity Canberra ACT Australia African Centre of Excellence for Innovative Rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology development Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Institute of Pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

“during rodent outbreak years in eastern Africa,lo-cally,more than 80%of the potential harvest may be lost,but even in non-outbreak periods,rodents cause chronic damage to crops….The pest rodent story in Africa in-volves several species embedded in a broad and variable landscape with highly variable densities.”(Leirs et al.2010).

关键词： damage crops

Kinetics of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid sorption onto montmorillonite clays in soil and their translocation to genetically modified corn

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 669-680页

作者： Meichen Wang Kelly j Rivenbark Timothy d Phillips Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityTX 77845USA

The co-occurrence of glyphosate(GLP)and aminomethylphosphonic acid(AMPA)in contaminated water,soil,sediment and plants is a cause for concern due to potential threats to the ecosystem and human health.A major route of exposure is through contact with contaminated soil and consumption of crops containing GLP and AMPA ***,clay-based sorption strategies for mixtures of GLP and AMPA in soil,plants and garden produce have been very *** this study,in vitro soil and in vivo genetically modified corn models were used to establish the proof of concept that the inclusion of clay sorbents in contaminated soils will reduce the bioavailability of GLP and AMPA in soils and their adverse effects on plant *** of chemical concentration(1–10 mg/kg),sorbent dose(0.5%-3%in soil and 0.5%-1%in plants)and duration(up to 28 days)on sorption kinetics were *** time course results showed a continuous GLP degradation to *** inclusion of calcium montmorillonite(CM)and acid processed montmorillonite(APM)clays at all doses significantly and consistently reduced the bioavailability of both chemicals from soils to plant roots and leaves in a dose-and time-dependent manner without detectable *** treated with 0.5%and 1%APM inclusion showed the highest growth rate(p≤0.05)and lowest chemical bioavailability with up to 76%reduction in roots and57%reduction in *** indicated that montmorillonite clays could be added as soil supplements to reduce hazardous mixtures of GLP and AMPA in soils and plants.

关键词： Glyphosate AMPA Adsorption Soil remediation Plant Hydroponic system

Generalized polynomial chaos expansion by reanalysis using static condensation based on substructuring

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第5期45卷 819-836页

作者： d.LEE S.CHANG j.LEE department of Automotive Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea School of Mechanical Engineering Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea department of Mechanical Robotics and Energy EngineeringDongguk UniversitySeoul 04620Republic of Korea

This paper presents a new computational method for forward uncertainty quantification(UQ)analyses on large-scale structural systems in the presence of arbitrary and dependent random *** method consists of a generalized polynomial chaos expansion(GPCE)for statistical moment and reliability analyses associated with the stochastic output and a static reanalysis method to generate the input-output data *** the reanalysis,we employ substructuring for a structure to isolate its local regions that vary due to random *** allows for avoiding repeated computations of invariant substructures while generating the input-output data *** substructuring with static condensation further improves the computational efficiency of the reanalysis without losing ***,the GPCE with the static reanalysis method can achieve significant computational saving,thus mitigating the curse of dimensionality to some degree for UQ under high-dimensional *** numerical results obtained from a simple structure indicate that the proposed method for UQ produces accurate solutions more efficiently than the GPCE using full finite element analyses(FEAs).We also demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the proposed method by executing UQ for a large-scale wing-box structure under ten-dimensional(all-dependent)random inputs.

关键词： forward uncertainty quantification(UQ) generalized polynomial chaos expansion(GPCE) static reanalysis method static condensation substructuring

Insm1:orchestrating cellular mimicry in the thymus medulla

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 414-416页

作者： K.d.james j.E.Cowan UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation The Pears BuildingRowland Hill StreetLondonNW32PPUK

The thymus is the primary production site for a functional and self-tolerant T-cell *** establishment of immune tolerance is mediated by the generation and presentation of tissue-restricted self-antigens(TRAs)by medullary thymic epithelial cells(mTECs),which screen T-cell receptors for self-reactivity to eliminate autoreactive T *** studies have extended our understanding of mTEC heterogeneity by examining the mechanisms by which mTECs mimic the peripheral self[1].

关键词： medullary eliminate restricted

Racial and Ethnic differences in Orthorexia Nervosa Symptomatology and Other disordered Eating

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Open journal of Psychiatry 2024年第4期14卷 287-299页

作者： dilan H. Arreguin Kendria S. Shields-rhodes Melissa L. Harel Crystal d. Oberle department of Psychology Texas State University San Marcos TX USA

While some research has explored racial and ethnic differences in disordered eating, this study may be the first to examine these differences in orthorexia nervosa, involving obsessive-compulsive thoughts and behaviors concerning healthy eating, which negatively impact one’s life. Adult participants, recruited from college courses and social media, completed an online survey with the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI) and the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). Regarding racial and ethnic background, 743 were White, 249 were Hispanic, 87 were Black, 61 were Asian or Pacific Islander, and 110 were biracial/multiracial. A MANCOVA revealed that the racial and ethnic groups did not differ on the ONI subscales assessing orthorexic behaviors, impairments, and emotions, after accounting for gender, BMI, and EAT-26 total scores that were covariates. In contrast, a second MANCOVA did reveal group differences on the EAT-26 subscales, after accounting for gender, BMI, and ONI total scores that were covariates. Black participants scored significantly lower than the other racial and ethnic groups on the subscale assessing dieting behaviors characteristic of anorexia nervosa, and the subscale assessing binge-eating and purging behaviors characteristic of bulimia nervosa. Further, Hispanic participants scored significantly lower than White participants on the latter subscale. These findings suggest that while orthorexic symptomatology does not differ based on race and ethnicity, a Black race and Hispanic ethnicity may be protective factors against disordered eating, perhaps related either to cultural norms concerning body image or to the resiliency and social support among the Black and Hispanic communities.

关键词： Race Ethnicity Orthorexia disordered Eating

Mucopolysaccharidosis typeⅢB:a current review and exploration of the AAV therapy landscape

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 355-359页

作者： Courtney j.Rouse Victoria N.jensen Coy d.Heldermon Lacerta Therapeutics AlachuaFLUSA University of Florida College of Medicine GainesvilleFLUSA

Mucopolysaccharidoses typeⅢB is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the gene that encodes for *** results in the aggregation of heparan sulfate polysaccharides within cell lysosomes that leads to progressive and severe debilitating neurological *** treatment options are expensive,limited,and presently there are no approved cures for mucopolysaccharidoses typeⅢ***-associated virus gene therapy has significantly advanced the field forward,allowing researchers to successfully design,enhance,and improve potential *** group recently published an effective treatment using a codon-optimized triple mutant adeno-associated virus 8 vector that restores N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase levels,auditory function,and lifespan in the murine model for mucopolysaccharidoses typeⅢB to that seen in healthy ***,we review the current state of the field in relation to the capsid landscape,adeno-associated virus gene therapy and its successes and challenges in the clinic,and how novel adenoassociated virus capsid designs have evolved research in the mucopolysaccharidoses typeⅢB field.

关键词： adeno-associated virus central nervous system gene therapy heparan sulfate immune response mucopolysaccharidoses type IIIB N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase newborn screening

Particle elasticity influences polymeric artificial antigen presenting cell effectiveness in vivo via Cd8+T cell activation,macrophage uptake,and the protein corona

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9052-9064页

作者： Savannah E.Est-Witte Sydney R.Shannon dennis H.Gong Kaitlyn G.Calabresi jawaun j.Harris Kaitlyn Storm Edwin j.Yoo Ariel Isser Vivek P.jani Natalie K.Livingston Mary O.Omotoso Kelly rhodes Elana Ben-Akiva Randall A.Meyer Zoe T.Hsieh Simone Sidoli Stephany Y.Tzeng jonathan P.Schneck jordan j.Green Translational Tissue Engineering Center Institute for NanobiotechnologyDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins School of Medicine400 N BroadwayBaltimoreMD 21231USA Institute for Cell Engineering Department of PathologyJohns Hopkins School of Medicine733 N BroadwayBaltimoreMD 21205USA department of Biochemistry Albert Einstein College of MedicineThe BronxNew York CityNY 10461USA

Adoptive cell therapy(ACT)is an immunotherapy strategy for cancer that has seen widespread clinical *** ACT,patient-derived lymphocytes are stimulated with the antigen of interest ex vivo,proliferated,then returned to the patient to initiate an antigen-specific antitumor *** effective,this process is resource-intensive and logistically impossible for many *** artificial antigen presenting cells(aAPCs)offer a potential“off-the-shelf”alternative to ex vivo *** particulate aAPCs perform well in vitro,they have had limited success in vivo due to poor bioavailability after *** to bioavailability include rapid clearance,unfavorable biodistribution,and inadequate interactions with Cd8+T cells at sites of *** properties such as elasticity have been shown to vastly impact the bioavailability and particle-cell interactions,but this has yet to be investigated in the context of aAPCs for in vivo T-cell *** literature likewise indicates that biomaterial properties,especially elasticity,can modulate T-cell activation in *** the goal of creating a more biomimetic,next-generation particulate aAPC,we developed a poly(ethylene)glycol hydrogel particle platform with tunable elasticity to investigate the impact of elasticity on antigen-specific T cell activation for in vivo adoptive *** this knowledge,we were able to gain more precise control over in vivo T cell activation and investigate possible mechanisms including the effects of aAPC elasticity on T cell binding,macrophage uptake,and the protein corona.

关键词： adoptive cell therapy artificial antigen presenting cells particle drug delivery elasticity protein corona poly(ethylene glycol)

Generalized time-dependent generator coordinate method for induced fission dynamics

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第4期19卷 1-12页

作者： B.Li d.Vretenar T.Nikšić j.Zhao P.W.Zhao j.Meng State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Physics department Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Zagreb10000 ZagrebCroatia Center for Circuits and Systems Peng Cheng LaboratoryShenzhen 518055China

The generalized time-dependent generator coordinate method(Td-GCM)is extended to include pairing *** correlated GCM nuclear wave function is expressed in terms of time-dependent generator states and weight *** particle–hole channel of the effective interaction is determined by a Hamiltonian derived from an energy density functional,while pairing is treated dynamically in the standard BCS approximation with time-dependent pairing tensor and single-particle occupation *** the inclusion of pairing correlations,various time-dependent phenomena in open-shell nuclei can be described more *** model is applied to the description of saddle-to-scission dynamics of induced *** generalized Td-GCM charge yields and total kinetic energy distribution for the fission of 240Pu,are compared to those obtained using the standard time-dependent density functional theory(Td-dFT)approach,and with available data.

关键词： nuclear density functional theory generator coordinate method fission dynamics