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high Power Laser Science and Engineering 2015年第3期3卷 20-27页

作者： d.T.Michel A.K.davis W.Armstrong R.Bahr R.Epstein V.N.Goncharov M.hohenberger I.V.Igumenshchev R.Jungquist d.d.Meyerhofer P.B.Radha T.C.Sangster C.Sorce d.h.froula Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester

Self-emission x-ray shadowgraphy provides a method to measure the ablation-front trajectory and low-mode nonuniformity of a target imploded by directly illuminating a fusion capsule with laser beams. The technique uses time-resolved images of soft x-rays(>1 ke V) emitted from the coronal plasma of the target imaged onto an x-ray framing camera to determine the position of the ablation front. Methods used to accurately measure the ablation-front radius(δ R= ±1.15 μm), image-to-image timing(δ( t)= ±2.5 ps) and absolute timing(δt= ±10 ps) are *** averaging of the images provides an average radius measurement of δ( Rav)= ±0.15 μm and an error in velocity of δV / V= ±3%. This technique was applied on the Omega Laser Facility [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495(1997)] and the National Ignition Facility [Campbell and hogan, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 41, B39(1999)].

关键词： low mode nonuiformity nuclear fusion self-emission shadowgraphy shell trajectory

Implementation of a Faraday rotation diagnostic at the OMEGA laser facility

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high Power Laser Science and Engineering 2018年第3期6卷 102-111页

作者： A.Rigby J.Katz A.F.A.Bott T.G.White P.Tzeferacos d.Q.Lamb d.h.froula G.Gregori department of Physics University of Oxford Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PU UK Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester 250 E. River Rd Rochester NY 14623 USA department of Physics University of Nevada Reno NV 89557 USA department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago 5640 S. Ellis Ave Chicago IL 60637 USA

Magnetic field measurements in turbulent plasmas are often difficult to perform. here we show that for kG magnetic fields, a time-resolved Faraday rotation measurement can be made at the OMEGA laser facility. This diagnostic has been implemented using the Thomson scattering probe beam and the resultant path-integrated magnetic field has been compared with that of proton radiography. Accurate measurement of magnetic fields is essential for satisfying the scientific goals of many current laser–plasma experiments.

关键词： alignment controls diagnostics high energy density physics high power laser laser-plasma interaction

Conceptual design of a 15-TW pulsed-power accelerator for high-energy-densityephysics experiments

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2017年第4期2卷 204-223页

作者： R.B.Spielman d.h.froula G.Brent E.M.Campbell d.B.Reisman M.E.Savage M.J.Shoup III W.A.Stygar M.L.Wisher Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of RochesterRochesterNY14623USA Sandia National Laboratories AlbuquerqueNM 87185USA

We have developed a conceptual design of a 15-TW pulsed-power accelerator based on the linear-transformer-driver(LTd)architecture described by Stygar[*** et al.,*** *** 18,110401(2015)].The driver will allow multiple,high-energy-density experiments per day in a university environment and,at the same time,will enable both fundamental and integrated experiments that are scalable to larger *** this design,many individual energy storage units(bricks),each composed of two capacitors and one switch,directly drive the target load without additional pulse *** LTd modules in parallel drive the *** module consists of 16 LTd cavities connected in series,where each cavity is powered by 22 bricks connected in *** design stores up to 2.75 MJ and delivers up to 15 TW in 100 ns to the constant-impedance,water-insulated radial transmission *** transmission lines in turn deliver a peak current as high as 12.5 MA to the physics *** maximize its experimental value and flexibility,the accelerator is coupled to a modern,multibeam laser facility(four beams with up to 5 kJ in 10 ns and one beam with up to 2.6 kJ in 100 ps or less)that can provide auxiliary heating of the physics *** lasers also enable advanced diagnostic techniques such as X-ray Thomson scattering and multiframe and three-dimensional *** coupled accelerator-laser facility will be the first of its kind and be capable of conducting unprecedented high-energy-densityephysics experiments.

关键词： Pulsed power accelerator high energy density physics Conceptual design

Insensitivity of a turbulent laser-plasma dynamo to initial conditions

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2022年第4期7卷 50-64页

作者： A.F.A.Bott L.Chen P.Tzeferacos C.A.J.Palmer A.R.Bell R.Bingham A.Birkel d.h.froula J.Katz M.W.Kunz C.-K.Li h-S.Park R.Petrasso J.S.Ross B.Reville d.Ryu F.h.Séguin T.G.White A.A.Schekochihin d.Q.Lamb G.Gregori department of Physics University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom department of Astrophysical Sciences University of PrincetonPrincetonNew Jersey 08544USA department of Physics and Astronomy University of RochesterRochesterNew York 14627USA Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of RochesterRochesterNew York 14623USA School of Mathematics and Physics Queens University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ChiltonDidcotUnited Kingdom department of Physics University of StrathclydeGlasgowUnited Kingdom Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMassachusetts 02139USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94550USA Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik HeidelbergGermany department of Physics School of Natural SciencesUNISTUlsanSouth Korea department of Physics University of NevadaRenoNevada 89557USA department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of ChicagoChicagoIllinois 60637USA

It has recently been demonstrated experimentally that a turbulent plasma created by the collision of two inhomogeneous,asymmetric,weakly magnetized,laser-produced plasma jets can generate strong stochastic magnetic fields via the small-scale turbulent dynamo mechanism,provided the magnetic Reynolds number of the plasma is sufficiently *** this paper,we compare such a plasma with one arising from two pre-magnetized plasma jets whose creation is identical save for the addition of a strong external magnetic field imposed by a pulsed magnetic field *** investigate the differences between the two turbulent systems using a Thomson-scattering diagnostic,x-ray selfemission imaging,and proton *** Thomson-scattering spectra and x-ray images suggest that the external magnetic field has a limited effect on the plasma dynamics in the *** the external magnetic field induces collimation of the flows in the colliding plasma jets and although the initial strengths of the magnetic fields arising from the interaction between the colliding jets are significantly larger as a result of the external field,the energies and morphologies of the stochastic magnetic fields post-amplification are *** conclude that,for turbulent laser-plasmas with supercritical magnetic Reynolds numbers,the dynamo-amplified magnetic fields are determined by the turbulent dynamics rather than the seed fields or modest changes in the initial flow dynamics of the plasma,a finding consistent with theoretical expectations and simulations of turbulent dynamos.

关键词： turbulent initial stochastic

Laser-direct-drive program: Promise, challenge, and path forward

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2017年第2期2卷 37-54页

作者： E.M.Campbell V.N.Goncharov T.C.Sangster S.P.Regan P.B.Radha R.Betti J.F.Myatt d.h.froula M.J.Rosenberg I.V.Igumenshchev W.Seka A.A.Solodov A.V.Maximov J.A.Marozas T.J.B.Collins d.Turnbull F.J.Marshall A.Shvydky J.P.Knauer R.L.McCrory A.B.Sefkow M.hohenberger P.A.Michel T.Chapman L.Masse C.Goyon S.Ross J.W.Bates M. Karasik J.Oh J.Weaver A.J.Schmitt K.Obenschain S.P.Obenschain S.Reyes B.Van Wonterghem Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of RochesterRochesterNYUSA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCAUSA Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonDCUSA

Along with laser-indirect(X-ray)-drive and magnetic-drive target concepts,laser direct drive is a viable approach to achieving ignition and gain with inertial confinement *** the United States,a national program has been established to demonstrate and understand the physics of laser direct *** program utilizes the Omega Laser Facility to conduct implosion and coupling physics at the nominally 30-kJ scale and lasereplasma interaction and coupling physics at the MJ scale at the National Ignition *** article will discuss the motivation and challenges for laser direct drive and the broad-based program presently underway in the United States.

关键词： Inertial fusion direct drive Laser interactions hydrodynamics Omega National ignition facility

dynamic stress concentration in an infinitely long cylindrical cavity due to a point spherical source embedded within a fluid-saturated poroelastic formation of infinite extent

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 139-156页

作者： h.hOSSEINI O.BALILAShAKI department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringGolestan University

The effects of a harmonically exciting monopole source on an infinitely long cylindrical cavity embedded entirely within a fluid-saturated poroelastic formation of infinite extent are examined theoretically. It is assumed that the source is located outside the cavity at a specified distance from the borehole axis. The magnitudes of the hoop and radial stresses beside the pore pressures exerted on the interface and inside the porous medium surrounding the borehole are calculated and discussed. Biot's poroelastic modeling along with three types of boundary conditions for the cylindrical interface including the ideal fluid, empty borehole, and rigid inclusion with a hard boundary is employed for the analysis. Utilizing a proper translational addition theorem for expressing the incident spherical wave in terms of cylindrical wave expansions, the proposed boundary conditions at the interface are satisfied. Stresses are formulated by means of wave potential functions in a three-dimensional(3d) manner. The effects of the frequency and the radial distance between the source and borehole on the induced stresses are examined for the first cylindrical modes over frequency spectra. Two permeability conditions for the interface and three types of soils for the porous formation are considered throughout the analysis. To give an overall outline of the study, a numerical example is presented. The results clearly indicate that the distance is a key parameter and has considerable effects on the induced stress values. In addition, the interface permeability condition and soil characteristics play an important role in determining the dynamic response of the borehole. Finally,the obtained results are compared with the relevant analyses existing in the literature for some limit cases, and good agreement is achieved.

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Neuroinflammation as a therapeutic target in huntington's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 817-818页

作者： Andrea Kwakowsky Thulani h.Palpagama Center for Brain Research and department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of MedicineGalway Neuroscience CentreUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland

In 1872, George huntington presented his essay “On Chorea” to the Meigs and Mason Academy of Medicine and, in doing so, detailed a disease that would later bear his name. huntington's disease(hd) is a genetic, neurodegenerative disease that manifests as the loss of motor control,cognitive impairment,and mood and psychiatric changes in paents.

关键词： huntington inflammation Medicine

Glial response in the midcingulate cortex in huntington’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 207-208页

作者： Thulani h.Palpagama Andrea Kwakowsky Center for Brain Research and department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of MedicineGalway Neuroscience CenterUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland

huntington’s disease(hd)is a genetic disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of the striatum and *** can present with a variety of symptoms that can broadly be classified into motor symptoms,inclusive of choreatic movements and rigidity,mood and psychiatric symptoms,such as depression and apathy,and cognitive symptoms,such as cognitive *** causal mutation underlying hd results from an expansion of a CAG repeat sequence on the IT15 gene,resulting in the formation and accumulation of a mutant huntingtin protein.

关键词： huntington degeneration cortex

does mesenchymal stem cell’s secretome affect spinal sensory circuits?Implication for pain therapies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 181-183页

作者： Francesco Ferrini Esri h.Juárez Adalberto Merighi department of Veterinary Sciences University of TurinGrugliascoTOItaly department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience UniversitéLavalQuébec CityQCCanada

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are multipotent adult stem cells of mesodermal origin that can be isolated from various tissues,including bone marrow,tooth pulp,adipose tissue,and umbilical *** have gained significant attention in regenerative medicine due to their ability to modulate the immune system and favor tissue *** enrich the medium in which they are cultivated with a broad range of bioactive molecules,including growth factors,cytokines,chemokines,enzymes,nucleic acids,and extracellular vesicles that collectively compose the MSC *** increasing number of pre-clinical studies suggest that delivering in vivo an MSC-conditioned medium(i.e.,the medium collected from MSC cultures after at least 3 days of exposure)exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of neurological conditions.

关键词： protective clinical collective

The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jennifer M.Colón-Mercado Aranza I.Torrado-Tapias Iris K.Salgado Jose M.Santiago Samuel E.Ocasio Rivera dina P.Bracho-Rincon Luis h.Pagan Rivera Jorge d.Miranda department of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA National Institutes of health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad Central del Caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA Institute of Neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

In addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain EAAT-1/GLAST EAAT-2/GLT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma