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Volatilization of heavy metals during incineration of municipal solid wastes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第4期16卷 635-639页

作者： SUNLu-shi S.Abanades J.d.Lu g.Flamant d.gauthier StateKeylaboratoryofCoalCombustion HuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnologyWuhan430074China InstitutdeScienceetdeg6niedesMat6riauxetProc6d6s（CNRS-IMP） BP50deillo66125Font-RomeuCedexFrance

Incineration experiments with MSW, which had been impregnated with heavy metals, were presented to obtain information on the volatilization behavior of the elements cadmium(Cd), lead(Pb), and zinc(Zn) under different conditions. Experiments were carried out in a bubbling fluid bed system connected to a customized inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES) for analyzing metals in the flue gas. The results indicated that the combustion temperature, the gas atmosphere, and the chlorine content in the flue gas could affect the volatilization behavior of heavy metals. In the fluidized bed combustion, a large surface area was provided by the bed sand particles, and they may act as absorbents for the gaseous ash-forming compound. Comparer with the metals Cd and Pb, the vaporization of Zn was low. The formation of stable compounds such as ZnO·Al 2O 3 could greatly decrease the metals volatilization. The presence of chlorine would enhance the volatilization of heavy metals by increasing the formation of metal chlorides. However, when the oxygen content was high, the chlorinating reaction was kinetically hindered, which heavy metals release would be delayed.

关键词： municipal solid waste incineration heavy metal emission fluidized bed

Effects of laser phase transformation hardening parameters on heat input and hardened-bead profile quality of unalloyed titanium

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2010年第6期20卷 1078-1091页

作者： d.S.BAdKAR K.S.PANdEY g.BUVANASHEKARAN Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Welding Research Institute Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited

Laser transformation hardening(LTH)of unalloyed titanium of 1.6 mm-thick sheet,nearer to ASTM grade 3 of chemical composition was investigated using 2 kW CW Nd:YAg *** effects of laser power(750-1 250 W),scanning speed(1 000-3 000 mm/min)and focal point position(from-10 to-30 mm)on the heat input,and hardened-bead geometry(*** bead width(HBW),hardened depth(Hd)and angle of entry of hardened bead profile with the surface(AEHB))were investigated using response surface methodology(RSM).The experimental plan is based on Box-Behnken design matrix *** and quadratic polynomial equations for predicting the heat input and the hardened bead geometry were *** results indicate that the proposed models predict the responses adequately within the limits of hardening parameters being *** is suggested that regression equations can be used to find optimum hardening conditions for desired criteria.

关键词： laser transformation hardening response surface methodology(RSM) unalloyed titanium titanium hardened-bead profile

On-line Tool Wear Classification in Unmanned-machining Environments

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厦门大学学报（自然科学版） 2002年第S1期41卷 80-81页

作者： A d Hope g A King Systems Engineering Faculty Southampton InstituteSystems Engineering Faculty Southampton Institute Southampton UKSouthampton UK

One of the most important features of the modern ma ch ining system in an "unmanned" factory is to change tools that have been subjec ted to wear and damage. An integrated tool condition monitoring system composed of multi-sensors, signal processing devices and intelligent decision making pla ns is a necessary requirement for automatic manufacturing processes. An intellig ent tool wear monitoring system will be introduced in this paper. The system is equipped with power consumption, vibration, AE and cutting force sensors, signal transformation and collection apparatus and a microcomputer. Tool condition monitoring is a pattern recognition process in which the characte ristics of the tool to be monitored are compared with those of the standard mode ls. The tool wear classification process is composed of the following parts: fea ture extraction; determination of the fuzzy membership functions of the features ; calculation of the fuzzy similarity; learning and tool wear classification. Fe atures extracted from the time domain and frequency domain for the future patter n recognition are as follows. Power consumption signal: mean value; AE-RMS sign al: mean value, skew and kutorsis; Cutting force, AE and vibration signal: mean value, standard deviation and the mean power in 10 frequency ranges. These signa l features can reflect the tool wear states comprehensively. The fuzzy approachi ng degree and the fuzzy distance between corresponding features of different obj ects are combined to describe the closeness of two fuzzy sets more accurately. A unique fuzzy driven neural network based pattern recognition algorithm has bee n developed from this research. The combination of Artificial Neural Networks (A NNs) and fuzzy logic system integrates the strong learning and classification ab ility of the former and the superb flexibility of the latter to express the dist ribution characteristics of signal features with vague boundaries. This methodol ogy indirectly solves the auto

关键词： condition monitoring feature extraction fuzzy logic and neural networks sensor fusion pattern recognition

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF THE LaNi_(5-x)ga_x INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNdS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2008年第3期21卷 157-162页

作者： d. Chen g.X. Li d.L. Zhang T. gao department of Physics and Electronic Engineering Xinyang Normal University Xinyang 464000 China College of Science Qingdao Agriculture University Qingdao 266109 China Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China

The equilibrium structures and electronic structure of LaNi5-xgax （x=0, 0.5, 1.0） compounds have been investigated by all-electron calculations. Based on the full geometry optimization, the densities of states and electron densities of LaNi5-xgax are plotted and analyzed. It is clear that the substitution of ga at the Ni site leads to a progressive filling of the Ni-d bands, the ionic interaction between Ni and Ni, with ga plays a dominant role in the stability of LaNi5-xgax compounds. The smaller the shift of EF toward higher energy region, the more stable the compounds will be. The increased contribution of the Ni-d-ga-d interactions near EF and the low energy metal-gallium bonding bands indicate that the compounds become more stable. The results are compared with experimental data and discussed in light of previous studies.

关键词： FLAPW and ggA LaNi5-xgax Intermetallie compound Electronic structure

Bayesian model averaging(BMA)for nuclear data evaluation

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第11期35卷 193-218页

作者： E.Alhassan d.Rochman g.Schnabel A.J.Koning SCK CEN(Belgian Nuclear Research Centre) Boeretang 2002400 MolBelgium Laboratory for Reactor Physics and Thermal‑Hydraulics Paul Scherrer Institute5232 VilligenSwitzerland Nuclear data Section International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)ViennaAustria division of Applied Nuclear Physics Department of Physics and AstronomyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden

To ensure agreement between theoretical calculations and experimental data,parameters to selected nuclear physics models are perturbed and fine-tuned in nuclear data *** approach assumes that the chosen set of models accurately represents the‘true’distribution of considered ***,the models are chosen globally,indicating their applicability across the entire energy range of ***,this approach overlooks uncertainties inherent in the models *** this work,we propose that instead of selecting globally a winning model set and proceeding with it as if it was the‘true’model set,we,instead,take a weighted average over multiple models within a Bayesian model averaging(BMA)framework,each weighted by its posterior *** method involves executing a set of TALYS calculations by randomly varying multiple nuclear physics models and their parameters to yield a vector of calculated ***,computed likelihood function values at each incident energy point were then combined with the prior distributions to obtain updated posterior distributions for selected cross sections and the elastic angular *** the cross sections and elastic angular distributions were updated locally on a per-energy-point basis,the approach typically results in discontinuities or“kinks”in the cross section curves,and these were addressed using spline *** proposed BMA method was applied to the evaluation of proton-induced reactions on ^(58)Ni between 1 and 100 *** results demonstrated a favorable comparison with experimental data as well as with the TENdL-2023 evaluation.

关键词： Bayesian model averaging(BMA) Nuclear data Nuclear reaction models Model parameters TALYS code system Covariances

A stable anthraquinone-derivative cathode to develop sodium metal batteries: The role of ammoniates as electrolytes

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第2期77卷 572-580,I0015页

作者： débora Ruiz-Martínez José M.Orts Roberto gómez departament de Química Física i Institut Universitari d’Electroquímica Universitat d’AlacantApartat 99Alicante E-03080Spain

Rechargeable sodium metal batteries constitute a cost-effective option for energy storage although sodium shows some drawbacks in terms of reactivity with organic solvents and dendritic *** we demonstrate that an organic dye,indanthrone blue,behaves as an efficient cathode material for the development of secondary sodium metal batteries when combined with novel inorganic *** electrolytes are ammonia solvates,known as liquid ammoniates,which can be formulated as NaI·3.3NH_(3) and NaBF_(4)·2.5NH_(3).They impart excellent stability to sodium metal,and they favor sodium non-dendritic growth linked to their exceedingly high sodium ion *** advantage is complemented by a high specific *** battery described here can last hundreds of cycles at 10 C while keeping a Coulombic efficiency of 99%from the first *** of the high capacity of the cathode and the superior physicochemical properties of the electrolytes,the battery can reach a specific energy value as high as 210 W h kgIB^(-1),and a high specific power of 2.2 kW kgIB^(-1),even at below room temperature(4℃).Importantly,the battery is based on abundant and cost-effective materials,bearing promise for its application in large-scale energy storage.

关键词： Sodium metal batteries Anthraquinone-based cathode Vat dye Indanthrone blue Inorganic electrolytes Liquid ammoniates

Nonlinear numerical assessment of the seismic response of hillside RC buildings

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2021年第2期20卷 423-440页

作者： Miguel A.gómez Edgar giovanny díaz-Segura Juan Carlos Vielma Civil Engineering School Pontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoValparaíso 2340000Chile

Major damage has been reported in hilly areas after major earthquakes,primarily because of two special conditions:the variation in the seismic ground motion due to the inclined ground surface and the irregularities caused by a stepped base level in the *** aim of this study is to evaluate possible differences in the responses of Chilean hillside buildings through numerical linear-elastic and nonlinear *** the first step,a set of response-spectrum analyses were performed on four simplified 2d structures with mean base inclination angles of 0°,15°,30°,and 45°.The structures were designed to comply with Chilean seismic codes and standards,and the primary response parameters were *** assess the seismic performance of the buildings,nonlinear static(pushover)and dynamic(time-history)analyses were performed with SeismoStruct *** analyses were used to compare the nonlinear response at the maximum roof displacement and the damage ***-history analyses were performed to assess the nonlinear dynamic response of the structures subjected to seismic ground motions modified by topographic *** consider the topographic modification,acceleration records were obtained from numerical models of soil,which were calculated using the rock acceleration record of the Mw 8.01985 Chilean *** differences in the structure responses(roof displacements and maximum element forces and moments)were caused by the topographic effects in the seismic input motion,with the highly predominant ones being the differences caused by the step-back configuration at the base of the *** concentrations of shear forces in short walls were observed,corresponding to the walls located in the upper zone of the foundation *** response of the structures with higher angles was observed to be more prone to fragile failures due to the accumulation of shear *** though hillside buildings gain stiffness in the lower stories,resulting

关键词： topographic effect hillside buildings nonlinear analyses shear-wall buildings

Spatio-temporal patterns and changes in environmental attitudes and place attachment in gauteng, South Africa

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geo-Spatial Information Science 2021年第4期24卷 666-677页

作者： Simangele dlamini Solomon g.Tesfamichael gregory d.Breetzke Tholang Mokhele department of geography Environmental Management and Energy StudiesUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa geospatial Analytics eResearch Knowledge CentreHuman Sciences Research CouncilPretoriaSouth Africa department of geography Geoinformatics and MeteorologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa

In this study,we employed a number of geospatial techniques to examine the spatiotemporal patterns and changes of environmental attitudes and place attachment values in the gauteng province of South *** data were obtained from the gauteng City Region Observatory’s Quality of Life Survey collected at three separate points in time,namely 2013,2015,and *** indicated that wards(smallest administrative and analysis units)located on the urban periphery of gauteng,which are generally less affluent,largely held more negative environmental attitudes and place attachment values during the three time *** contrast,centrally located wards,which are generally more affluent,expressed more positive environmental attitudes but less place attachment values,especially in *** findings of this research not only highlight the complex spatio-temporal distribution of environmental attitudes and place attachment values throughout gauteng but also empha-size the need for spatially targeted state interventions for future environmental planning within the province.

关键词： Spatio-temporal changes environmental attitudes place attachment gauteng spatial patterns

Effect of Sodium Metasilicate on Structural, Optical, dielectric and Mechanical Properties of AdP Crystal

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2016年第1期32卷 62-67页

作者： Mohd Anis M.d. Shirsat S.S. Hussaini B.Joshi g.g. Muley department of Physics Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Amravati 444602 Maharashtra India Crystal growth Laboratory Department of Physics MiUiya Arts Science and Management Science College Beed 431122 Maharashtra India Intelligent Materials Research Laboratory Department of Physics Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad 431005 Maharashtra India Science and Engineering Research Board New Delhi 110016 India

For the first time, sodium metasilicate （SMS） doped ammonium dihydrogen phosphate （AdP） crystal was grown by slow evaporation solution technique. The unit cell parameters of grown crystal were deter- mined by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The qualitative analysis of SMS doped AdP crystal was carried out using energy dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The in- crease in optical transparency of doped AdP crystal was ascertained in the range of 200-900 nm using the UV-visible spectral analysis. The vital optical constants were evaluated using the transmittance data to explore various optical device applications of crystal. The assertive influence of SMS on mechanical and dielectric behavior of AdP crystal was investigated by means of Vickers microhardness analysis and dielectric studies, respectively. The enhancement in second harmonic generation （SHg） efficiency of SMS doped AdP crystal with reference to potassium dihydrogen phosphate （KdP） and AdP was confirmed from Kurtz-Perry SHg test. The Kerr lensing nonlinearity in SMS doped AdP crystal was identified by means of Z-scan analysis and the third order nonlinear optical susceptibility （χ3） was found to be 6.19 × 10-5 esu, which vitalizes its application for laser stabilization systems.

关键词： Crystal growth Nonlinear optical materials dielectric properties Optical properties