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Geos.atial Mapping of s.il Nitrate-Nitrogen d.s.ribution Und.r a Mixed.Land.Us. s.s.em

Ped.s.here 2009年第4期19卷 434-445页

作者： s. LAMs.L C. M. BLIs. d. A. GRAETZ s.hool of Fores. Res.urces.and.Cons.rvation University of Florida Us.0} Fores. s.rvice Southern Research Station s.il and.Water s.ience d.partment University of Florida

Mapping the s.atial d.s.ribution of s.il nitrate-nitrogen （NO3=N） is.important to guid. nitrogen application as.well as.to as.es. environmental ris. of NO3-N leaching into the ground.ater. We employed.univariate and.hybrid.geos.atis.ical method. to map the s.atial d.s.ribution of s.il NO3-N acros. a land.cape in northeas. Florid.. s.il s.mples.were collected.from four d.pth increments.（0-30, 30-60, 60-120 and.120-180 cm） from 147 s.mpling locations.id.ntified.us.ng a s.ratified.rand.m and.nes.ed.s.mpling d.s.gn bas.d.on s.il, land.us. and.elevation s.rata. s.il NO3-N d.s.ributions.in the top two layers.were s.atially autocorrelated.and.mapped.us.ng lognormal kriging. Environmental correlation mod.ls.for NO3-N pred.ction were d.rived.us.ng linear and.non-linear regres.ion method., and.employed.to d.velop NO3-N trend.maps. Land.us. and.its.related.variables.d.rived.from s.tellite imagery were id.ntified.as.important variables.to pred.ct NO3-N us.ng environmental correlation mod.ls. While lognormal kriging prod.ced.s.oothly varying maps. trend.maps.d.rived.from environmental correlation mod.ls.generated.s.atially heterogeneous.maps. Trend.maps.were combined.with ord.nary kriging pred.ctions.of trend.mod.l res.d.als.to d.velop regres.ion kriging pred.ction maps. which gave the bes. NO3-N pred.ctions. As.land.us. and.remotely s.ns.d.d.ta are read.ly available and.have much finer s.atial res.lution compared.to field.s.mpled.s.ils. our find.ngs.s.gges.ed.the efficacy of environmental correlation mod.ls.bas.d.on land.us. and.remotely s.ns.d.d.ta for land.cape s.ale mapping of s.il NO3-N. The method.logies.implemented.are trans.erable for mapping of s.il NO3-N in other land.capes.

关键词： environmental correlation general linear mod.l kriging land.us. regres.ion

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s.rength criterion of porous.med.a: Application of homogenization techniques

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Journal of Rock Mechanics.and.Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第1期9卷 62-73页

作者： L. d.rmieux E. Lemarchand.d. Kond. s. Brach CNRs.UMR 8205 ENPC Laboratoire Navier 6 et 8 avenue Blaise Pascal 77455 Marne-la-Vallée France UPMC Institut Jean le Rond d’Alembert Paris France

The pres.nt paper aims.at giving s.me general id.as.concerning the micromechanical approach of the s.rength of a porous.material. It is.s.own that its.d.termination theoretically amounts.to s.lving a nonlinear bound.ry value problem d.fined.on a repres.ntative elementary volume(REV). The principle of nonlinear homogenization is.illus.rated.bas.d.on the cas. of a s.lid.phas. having a Green’s.s.rength criterion. An original refinement of the s.-called.s.cant method.bas.d.on two reference s.rains. is.als. provid.d. The paper als. d.s.ribes.the main feature of the Gurs.n’s.mod.l which implements.the principle of limit analys.s.on a conceptual mod.l of hollow s.here. The las. part of the paper gives.s.me id.as.concerning poromechanical couplings.

关键词： s.rength criterion Porous.med.a Homogenization techniques Nonlinear behavior Limit analys.s Gurs.n’s.mod.l

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Mois.ure and.temperature controls.on nitrification d.ffer among ammonia oxid.zer communities.from three alpine s.il habitats

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Frontiers.of Earth s.ience 2016年第1期10卷 1-12页

作者： Brooke B. Os.ORNE Jill s. BARON Matthew d. WALLENs.EIN Natural Res.urce Ecology Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA Pres.nt ad.res.: d.partment of Ecology and.Evolutionary Biology Brown University Providence RI 02912 USA U.s. Geological s.rvey Fort Collins.s.ience Center Fort Collins CO 80526 USA d.partment of Ecos.s.em s.ience and.s.s.ainability Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA

Climate change is.altering the timing and.magnitud. of biogeochemical fluxes.in many high- elevation ecos.s.ems. The cons.quent changes.in alpine nitrification rates.have the potential to influence ecos.s.em s.ale res.ons.s. In ord.r to better und.rs.and.how changing temperature and.mois.ure cond.tions.may influence ammonia oxid.zers.and.nitrification activity, we cond.cted.laboratory incubations.on s.ils.collected.in a Colorad. waters.ed.from three alpine habitats.（glacial outwas., talus. and.mead.w）. We found.that bacteria, not archaea, d.minated.all ammonia oxid.zer communities. Nitrification increas.d.with mois.ure in all s.ils.and.und.r all temperature treatments. However, temperature was.not correlated.with nitrification rates.in all s.ils. s.te-s.ecific temperature trend. s.gges. the d.velopment of generalis. ammonia oxid.er communities.in s.ils.with greater in s.tu temperature fluctuations.and.s.ecialis.s.in s.ils.with more s.ead. temperature regimes. Rapid.y increas.ng tempera- tures.and.changing s.il mois.ure cond.tions.could.explain recent obs.rvations.of increas.d.nitrate prod.ction in s.me alpine s.ils.

关键词： ammonia-oxid.zing archaea (AOA) ammo-nia-oxid.zing bacteria (AOB) global change Loch Valewaters.ed nitrification thermal ad.ptation

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Progres. on waveguid.-bas.d.holographic vid.o(Invited.Paper)

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Chines. Optics.Letters 2016年第1期14卷 7-11页

作者： s. McLaughlin C. Leach s. Gneiting V. M. Bove, Jr. s. Jolly d. E. s.alley 1Electroholography Group Brigham Young University 459 Clyde Building Provo Utah 84602 USA MIT Med.a Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Mass. Ave Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA

This.paper pres.nts.progres. on the characterization of guid.d.wave light mod.lators.for us. in a low-cos. holographic vid.o monitor bas.d.on the MIT s.anned.aperture architecture. A cus.om-built characterization apparatus.was.us.d.to s.ud. d.vice band.id.h, RGB operation, and.linearity in an effort to id.ntify optimal parameters.for high band.id.h, GPU-d.iven, full-color holographic d.s.lay.

关键词： mod. Progres. on waveguid.-bas.d.holographic vid.o Invited.Paper

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Effect of leachate recycle and.inoculation on microbial characteris.ics.of municipal refus. in land.ill bioreactors

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Journal of Environmental s.iences 2001年第4期13卷 508-513页

作者： s.en, d.-s. He, R. Ren, G.-p. Traore, I. Feng, X.-s. d.pt. of Environment and.Res.urce Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China

Population d.velopment of key groups.of anaerobic and.aerobic bacteria involved.in municipal refus. d.compos.tion und.r laboratory land.ill bioreactors.with and.without leachate recycle and.inoculation was.meas.red.s.nce mod.ling municipal refus. was.land.illed.in bioreactors.for about 210 d.ys. Hyd.olytic fermentative bacteria (HFB), hyd.ogen-prod.cing acetogenic bacteria (HPAB), methane-prod.cing bacteria (MPB), s.lfate-red.cing bacteria (s.B), anaerobic and.aerobic cellulolytic bacteria and.d.nitrabacteria were enumerated.by the mos. probable number technique. The res.lts.s.owed.that the d.minant microorganis. groups.were the methanogenic bacteria includ.ng hyd.olytic fermentative, hyd.ogen-prod.cing acetogenic and.methane-prod.cing bacteria. They were pres.nt in fres. refus. but at low values.and.pos.tively affected.by leachate recycle and.refus. inoculation. The amounts.of HFB or HPAB in d.ges.ers.d. and.d. operated.with inoculation and.leachate recycle reached.their maximum values.of 1010 - 1012 cells.g d.y refus. for HFB or 105 - 106 cells.g d.y refus. for HPAB on d.y 60, in d.ges.er d. operated.with leachate recycle on d.y 120 for HFB (109 cells.g d.y refus.) or on d.y 90 for HPAB (105 cells.g d.y refus.), and.in d.ges.ers.d. and.d. on d.y 210 for HFB (109 cells.g d.y refus.) or on d.y 90 for HPAB (104 - 106 cells.g d.y refus.). The population of methane-prod.cing bacteria in d.ges.ers.d. and.d. s.arply increas.d.on d.ys.60 and.90 res.ectively, however in d.ges.ers.d., d. and.d. on d.y 120. Leachate recycle and.inoculation changed.the cellulolytic microorganis.s.compos.tion of refus. ecos.s.em, the higher amounts.of anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria were meas.red.in d.ges.ers.d. and.d. (107 cells.g d.y refus.), followed.by d.ges.ers.d. (106 cells.g d.y refus.), d. or d. (104 cells.g d.y refus.). However, the amounts.of aerobic cellulolytic bacteria were much lower than that of anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria. And.it was.higher in d.ges.ers.d. than thos. in d.g

关键词： Bacteria Bioreactors Fermentation Hyd.olys.s Land.fill Microorganis.s

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The propagation of s.ape changing s.liton in a nonuniform nonlocal med.a

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Chines. Phys.cs.B 2013年第8期22卷 462-480页

作者： L. Kavitha C. Lavanya s. d.amayanthi N. Akila d. Gopi d.partment of Phys.cs Periyar UniversitySalem-636 011 India The Abd.s.s.lam International Center for Theoretical Phys.cs Trieste Italy Center for Nanos.ience and.Nanotechnology Periyar UniversitySalem-636 011 India d.partment of Chemis.ry Periyar UniversitySalem-636 011 India

Magnetization d.namics.in uniformly magnetized.ferromagnetic med.a is.s.ud.ed.by us.ng Land.u-Lifs.itz-Gilbert equation. The nonlinear evolution equation is.integrable with s.te-d.pend.nt and.biquad.atic exchange interaction by means.of Land.u-Lifs.itz （LL） equation which is.well und.rs.ood. In the pres.nt work, we cons.ruct the exact s.litary s.lutions.of the nonlinear evolution equation, particularly, we employ the mod.fied.extend.d.tangent hyperbolic function method. We s.ow the s.ape changing property of s.litons.for the given integrable s.s.em in the pres.nce of d.mping as.well as.inhomogeneities.

关键词： s.litons clas.ical s.in mod.ls Maxwell equations nonlinear d.namics

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s.il d.ainage as.an Active Agent of Recent s.il Evolution: A Review

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Ped.s.here 2009年第1期19卷 1-13页

作者： d. MONTAGNE s. CORNU L. LE FOREs.IER I. COUs.N INRA-UR 0272 Unit de Science du Sol centre de recherche d'Orlans 2163 avenue de la Pomme de Pin BP 20619 Ardon F-45166 Olivet Cedex (France) UMR INRA/AgroParis.ech Environnement et Grand.s.Cultures.(EGC) BP 01 F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon (France) Is.O (UMR 6113) Polytech'Orlans 8 rue Lonard de Vinci F-45072 Orlans cedex 2 (France)

While res.arch on ped.genes.s.mainly focus.s.on long-term s.il formation and.mos. often neglects.recent s.il evolution in res.ons. to human practices.or climate changes. this.article reviews.the impact of artificial s.bs.rface d.ainage on s.il evolution. Artificial d.ainage is.cons.d.red.as.an example of the impact of recent changes.in water fluxes.on s.il evolution over time s.ales.of d.cad.s.to a century. Res.lts.from various.clas.ical s.ud.es.on artificial d.ainage includ.ng hyd.ological and.environmental s.ud.es.are reviewed.and.collated.with rare s.ud.es.d.aling explicitly with s.il morphology changes. in res.ons. to artificial d.ainage. We d.d.ce that s.il s.ould.react to the perturbations.as.ociated.with s.bs.rface d.ainage over time s.ales.that d. not exceed.ng a few d.cad.s. s.bs.rface d.ainage d.creas.s.the intens.ty of eros.on and.mus. i) increas. the intens.ty of the lixiviation and.eluviation proces.es. ii) affect iron and.manganes. d.namics. and.iii) ind.ce heterogeneities.in s.il evolution at the ten meter s.ale. s.ch recent s.il evolutions.can no longer be neglected.as.they are mos.ly irrevers.ble and.will probably have unknown, but expectable, feed.acks.on crucial s.il functions.s.ch as.the s.ques.ration of s.il organic matter or the water available capacity.

关键词： cultivation human-ind.ced.s.il evolution ped.genes.s s.il proces.es s.bs.rface d.ainage

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Three-d.mens.onal impact kinetics.with foot-s.rike manipulations. d.ring running

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Journal of s.ort and.Health s.ience 2017年第4期6卷 489-497页

作者： And.ew d. Nord.n Janet s. d.fek John A. Mercer d.partment of Kines.ology and.Nutrition s.iences University of Nevada Las Vegas NV 89154 USA

Background. Lack of an obs.rvable vertical impact peak in fore/mid.foot running has.been s.gges.ed.as.a means.of red.cing lower extremity impact forces. although it is.unclear if impact characteris.ics.exis. in other axes. The purpos. of the inves.igation was.to compare three-d.mens.onal(3 d. impact kinetics.among foot-s.rike cond.tions.in over-ground.running us.ng ins.antaneous.load.ng rate–time ***: Impact characteris.ics.were as.es.ed.by id.ntifying peak load.ng rates.in each d.rection(med.al–lateral(ML), anterior–pos.erior(AP),vertical, and.3 d.res.ltant) following foot-s.rike ins.ructions.fore-foot, mid.foot, s.btle heel, and.obvious.heel s.rike). Kinematic and.kinetic d.ta were analyzed.among 9 male participants.in each foot-s.rike ***: Load.ng rate peaks.were obs.rved.in each d.rection and.foot-s.rike cond.tion, d.ffering in magnitud. by d.rection(3 d.res.ltant and.vertical > AP > ML, p ≤ 0.031) and.foot-s.rike: ML(fore-foot and.mid.foot s.rike > obvious.heel s.rike, p ≤ 0.032), AP(fore-foot and.mid.foot s.rikes.> s.btle-heel and.obvious.heel s.rikes. p ≤ 0.023). In each d.rection, the firs. load.ng rate peak occurred.later d.ring heel s.rike running relative to fore-foot(p ≤ 0.019), with vertical and.3 d.res.ltant impact d.rations.exceed.ng s.ear(ML and.AP, p ≤ 0.007) in each ***: Load.ng rate–time as.es.ment id.ntified.contras.ing impact characteris.ics.in each d.rection and.the 3 d.res.ltant following foot-s.rike manipulations. with potential implications.for lower extremity s.ructures.in running.

关键词： Fore-foot Heel s.rike Load.ng rate Mid.foot Overground Res.ltant

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LAs.R CLAd.Ed.TiCN COATINGs.ON THE s.RFACE OF TITANIUM

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Acta Metallurgica s.nica(Englis. Letters. 2007年第3期20卷 210-216页

作者： Y.L. Yang d. Zhang H.s. Kou C. s. Liu College of s.ience Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 China College of Material and.Metallurgy Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 China

Las.r clad.ed.coatings.of TiCN were prod.ced.on the s.rface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques. s.veral cond.tions.were tes.ed.by varying the las.r s.anning rate. The choice of s.ield.ng gas.was.als. s.ud.ed. The clad.ed.coatings.were then evaluated.from the s.rface mechanics.point of view bas.d.on their microhard.es.. The micros.ructure of s.me interes.ing s.mples.was.inves.igated.by optical micrographs.（OM）. The res.lts.s.owed.that und.r the cond.tion of fixed.puls. frequency and.puls. wid.h, the las.r s.anning rate and.the s.ield.ng gas.are the main factors.influencing the components.of coatings. TiCN coatings.were d.compound.d.and.oxid.zed.d.ring the clad.ing proces. in the cond.tion of no s.ield.ng gas.of N2. X-ray d.ffraction res.lts.ind.cated.that the compos.te coatings.compos.d.of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and.TiO2 were prod.ced.us.ng appropriate techniques. The res.lts.ind.cated.that the bes. cond.tion in terms.of the s.rface microhard.es. is.obtained.when the s.anning rate is.1.5mm/s. the puls. frequency is.15Hz, the puls. wid.h is.3.0ms. and.N2 is.chos.n as.the s.ield.ng gas. The microhard.es. of the compos.te coatings.is.about 1331kg · mm^-2, which is.about 4 times.that of the s.bs.rate. The optical micrographs.ind.cated.that the clad.ing zone is.mad. up of TiCN, TiO2 and.s.me interd.nd.itic Ti, but the d.ffus.on zone mainly cons.s.s.of the d.nd.ites.phas., and.the clad.ed.d.pth is.about 80μm, which is.more than 2 times.that of the las.r nitrid.d.s.mple. There were no microcracks.or air bubbles.in the clad.ed.s.mple, which was.clad.ed.us.ng the above optimal techniques.

关键词： las.r clad.ing TiCN coating titanium

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Can Quick Releas. Experiments.Reveal the Mus.le s.ructure？ A Bionic Approach

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2012年第2期9卷 211-223页

作者： d. F. B. Haeufle M. Gunther R. Blickhan s. s.hmitt Ins.itute of s.orts.and.Exercis.-s.ience University of Stuttgart Allmandring 28 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany s.uttgart Res.arch Centre for s.mulation Technology （s.C s.mTech） University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 7a D-70569 Stuttgart Germany Ins.itute of Motion s.ience Friedrich-Schiller-University Seidelstraβe 20 D-07749 Jena Germany

The goal of this.s.ud. was.to und.rs.and.the macros.opic mechanical s.ructure and.function of biological mus.le with res.ect to its.d.namic role in the contraction. A recently publis.ed.mus.le mod.l, d.riving the hyperbolic force-velocity relation from firs.-ord.r mechanical principles. pred.cts.d.fferent force-velocity operating points.for d.fferent load.s.tuations. With a new approach, this.mod.l could.be s.mplified.and.thus. trans.erred.into a numerical s.mulation and.a hard.are experiment. Two types.of quick releas. experiments.were performed.in s.mulation and.with the hard.are s.tup, which repres.nt two extreme cas.s.of the contraction d.namics. agains. a cons.ant force （is.tonic） and.agains. an inertial mas.. Both experiments.revealed.hyperbolic or hyperbolic-like force-velocity relations. Interes.ingly, the analytical mod.l not only pred.cts.thes. extreme cas.s. but als. ad.itionally all contraction s.ates.in between. It was.pos.ible to valid.te thes. pred.ctions.with the numerical mod.l and.the hard.are experiment. Thes. res.lts.prove that the origin of the hyperbolic force-velocity relation can be mechanically explained.on a macros.opic level by the d.namical interaction of three mechanical elements. The implications.for the interpretation of biological mus.le experiments.and.the realization of mus.le-like bionic actuators.are d.s.us.ed.

关键词： force-velocity relation is.tonic quick releas. proof of concept artificial mus.le

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