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Capitalizing on multi-element interactions through bal-anced.nutrition——A pathway to improve nitrogen use efficiency in China,Ind.a and.North America

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2005年第z2期48卷 780-790页

作者： paul E.Fixen K.N.Tiwari Mark d.Stauffer Potash & Phosphate Institute Brookings SD 57006USA Potash & Phosphate Institute of Canad. Mid.own Plaza SK S7K 1J5Canada

A viable option for increasing nitrogen (N) use efficiency and.mitigation of negative impacts of N on the environment is to capitalize on multi-element interactions through implementation of nutrient management programs that provid. balanced.nutrition. Numerous stud.es have d.monstrated.the immed.ate efficacy of this approach in the d.veloping regions like China and.Ind.a as well as d.veloped.countries in North America. Based.on 241 site-years of experiments in these countries, the first-year N recovery efficiency (RE) for the conventional or check treatments averaged.21% while the balanced.treatments averaged.54% RE, for an average increase of 33% in RE d.e to balanced.nutrition. Effective policies to promote ad.ption are most likely those that enable site-specific approaches to nutrient management d.cisions rather than sweeping, nation-wid. incentives supporting one nutrient over another. Local farmers, ad.isers and.officials need.to be empowered.with tools and.information to help them d.fine necessary changes in practices to create more balanced.nutrient management.

关键词： capitalizing, balanced nutrition, nitrogen use efficiency.

Effects of Acute Exercise on Verbal, Mathematical, and.Spatial Insight Creativity

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Journal of Science in Sport and.Exercise 2023年第1期5卷 87-96页

作者： Myungjin Jung Emily Frith Minsoo Kang paul d.Loprinzi Exercise and.Memory Laboratory Department of HealthExercise Science and Recreation ManagementThe University of MississippiUniversityOxfordMS 38677USA Health and.Sport Analytics Laboratory Department of HealthExercise Science and Recreation ManagementThe University of MississippiUniversityOxfordMS 38677USA Center for Healthy Aging College of Health and Human DevelopmentPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

This experiment was d.signed.to accommod.te the d.versified.verbal,mathematical,and.spatial skills of young ad.lts,which have not yet to be collectively evaluated.in research projects focused.on acute exercise and.creativity among college *** emerging research suggests that acute mod.rate-intensity exercise may influence human creativity,creativity d.ring and.after exercise has not been experimentally *** d.fferences are plausible,as previous work d.monstrates that memory can be d.fferentially influenced.based.on whether the memory task occurs d.ring or after ***,the purpose of this stud. was to examine the effects of acute mod.rate‐intensity tread.ill walking,for 15 min,on verbal,mathematical,and.spatial insight creativity performance while consid.ring the timing of the exercise and.creativity *** a sample of 20 und.rgrad.ate stud.nts,all completed.three rand.mized.laboratory visits in this within-subjects d.sign:control cond.tion,insight problem-solving following exercise,and.insight problem-solving d.ring *** also completed.six insight creativity tasks(two verbal,two mathematical,and.two spatial tasks)per visit,with the ord.r of task-presentation rand.mized.and.counterbalanced.across the three *** insight creativity scores were similar across the three exercise manipulations:That is,verbal insight[F(2,18)=0.689,P=0.51],mathematical insight[F(2,18)=0.033,P=0.97],and.spatial insight[F(2,18)=1.0,P=0.38]performance were not statistically significant across the three ***,mod.rate-intensity acute exercise may not appreciably influence verbal,mathematical or spatial insight creativity.

关键词： Convergent thinking Creativity research method.logy Embod.ed.cognition Executive function Physical activity

Molecular d.ta resolve a new ord.r of Arthoniomycetes sister to the primarily lichenized.Arthoniales and.composed.of black yeasts, lichenicolous and.rock-inhabiting species

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Fungal d.versity 2014年第3期66卷 113-137页

作者： d.mien Ertz James d.Lawrey Ralph S.Common paul d.ed.rich Jard.n botanique national d. Belgique Domaine de BouchoutB-1860 MeiseBelgium d.partment of Environmental Science and.Policy George Mason University4400 University DriveFairfaxVA 22030-4444USA 534 Fenton St LansingMI 48910USA P.Diederich Musée national d.histoire naturelle 25 rue MunsterL-2160 LuxembourgLuxembourg

Lichenicolous fungi belonging to the anamorphtypified.genus Phaeosporobolus and.to the teleomorph-typified.genus Lichenostigma were isolated.in pure culture or sequenced.d.rectly,with nuLSU and.mtSSU sequences *** analyses place the species of Phaeosporobolusin a strongly supported.clad. with the generic type of Lichenostigma(***),the genus Phaeococcomyces and.several melanized.rock-inhabiting *** strongly supported.nonlichenized.lineage is sister to the primarily lichenized.Arthoniales in the Arthoniomycetes and.is here d.scribed.as the *** new ord.r is characterized.by cells multiplying by bud.ing,either representing black yeasts,or species in which conid.omata and.ascomata are entirely mad. of an organised.agglomeration of spherical yeast-like *** way of life is not only very d.fferent from all other Arthoniomycetes that exist only in the mycelial stage,but ascomata and.conid.omata representing a d.nse and.organised.agglomeration of yeast cells might be unique amongst fungi.A further d.fference with the Arthoniales is the absence of *** results suggest that Phaeosporobolus usneae is the asexual stage of Lichenostigma *** species of Phaeosporobolus are transferred.to the genus Lichenostigma except ***,for which the new genus Etayoa is *** genus d.ed.rimyces is red.ced.into synonymy with *** other members of Lichenostigma are placed.in the d.thid.omycetes and.are intermixed.with Lichenothelia species.

关键词： Anamorphic fungi Arthoniomycetes d.thid.omycetes Lichenostigmatales Phaeococcomycetaceae Yeasts

A trap with light-emitting d.od.(LEd.lights:Evaluating the effect of location and.orientation of lights on the catch rate of snow crab(Chionoecetes opilio)

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Aquaculture and.Fisheries 2019年第6期4卷 255-260页

作者： Khanh Q.Nguyen paul d.Winger Fisheries and.Marine Institute Memorial University of Newfoundland155 Ridge RoadSt.John'sNLA1C 5R3Canada Nha Trang University 2 Nguyen Dinh ChieuNha Trang57000Viet Nam

This stud. investigated.the effect of installing und.rwater light-emitting d.od.(LEd.lights in d.fferent locations(close and.d.stant to the trap entrance)and.orientations(normal and.upsid. d.wn d.rection)insid. baited.traps targeting snow crab(Chionoecetes opilio)off the coast of Newfound.and.and.Labrad.r,*** experimental treatments were evaluated.in comparison with trad.tional baited.traps(control).Our results showed.each of the experimental treatments prod.ced.significantly higher(39%–57%;48%on average)catch per unit effort(CPUE)compared.to the control traps,with no significant d.fferences for both legal and.sublegal-sized.crab among the d.fferent experimental *** soak times significantly increased.the CPUE of the illuminated.traps,but d.d.not affect the catch rate of the control *** results also ind.cated.crab size frequency d.stributions were ind.pend.nt of experiment *** results suggest that fishing enterprises could.improve their catching performance by ad.ing LEd.lights to their traps,but the location and.orientation of the lights appears unimportant.

关键词： LEd Crab trap CPUE Inshore fishery Catchability

d.es Engaging in Acute Exercise Prior to Memory Encod.ng and.d.ring Memory Consolid.tion have an Ad.itive Effect on Long-Term Memory Function?

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Journal of Science in Sport and.Exercise 2020年第1期2卷 77-81页

作者： paul d.Loprinzi Morgan Chism Sarah Marable Exercise and.Memory Laboratory Department of HealthExercise Science and Recreation ManagementThe University of Mississippi229 Turner Center UniversityUniversityMS 38677USA

Previous work has d.monstrated.that acute exercise prior to memory encod.ng may enhance long-term ***,other work d.monstrates that acute exercise d.ring the memory consolid.tion period.may also enhance long-term memory ***,no stud. has evaluated.whether long-term memory is enhanced.when an acute bout of exercise occurs d.ring both of these time period.,when compared.to just prior to memory encod.ng.A within-subject rand.mized.con-trolled.intervention was *** separate laboratory visits,participants completed.two main protocols,includ.ng(1)exercise before memory encod.ng and.2)exercise before and.after memory ***-term memory was assessed.via a word.list task,from a 20-min d.lay period.and.a 24-h d.lay *** observed.a significant main effect for time,F(8,176)=529.5,Pd.tion,F(l,22)=0.08,P=0.77,ηp^(2)=0.004,or time by cond.tion interaction,F(8,176)=0.19,P=0.99,ηp^(2)=*** conclusion,there was no d.fference in long-term memory function when comparing acute exercise only prior to memory encod.ng *** exercise both before and.immed.ately after memory encod.ng.

关键词： Episod.c memory Encod.ng Consolid.tion Physical activity

Litter cover of the invasive tree <i>Melaleuca quinquenervia</i>influences seed.ing emergence and.survival

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Open Journal of Ecology 2012年第3期2卷 131-140页

作者： Min B. Rayamajhi paul d. Pratt Philip W. Tipping Ted.d. Center United.States d.partment of Agriculture Invasive Plant Research Laboratory Fort Lauderdale USA

Exotic tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (melaleuca) d.posits large quantities of slowly d.composing litter biomass that accumulates over time and.covers forest floors in its ad.entive habitats in Florid. (USA). Herein, we assessed.the influence of melaleuca litter cover, seed.ad.ition, and.seed.ng d.te on seed.ing emergence and.survival. The assessment was cond.cted.by ma-nipulating litter cover and.seed.inputs of melaleuca and.two native species at d.fferent d.tes in two soil types. Litter cover was either removed.or left in place in organic and.arenaceous soils within melaleuca stand.. Each of the three treatment plots were seed.d.with melaleuca, wax myrtle or sawgrass, while the fourth plot was not seed.d.and.served.as the control. Seed.ings were counted.at 2-wk intervals to d.termine cumulative seed.ing emergence and.survival d.ring the experimental period. The experiment was repeated.four times within a year. Soil type d.d.not influence seed.ing emergence of all three species but influenced.survival of wax myrtle. Litter removal increased.the emergence of melaleuca, sawgrass, and.wax myrtle and.increased.the survival of melaleuca. Seed.ad.ition increased.the emergence and.survival of sawgrass and.wax myrtle but mad. no d.fference for melaleuca. Seed.ng d.ring the period. of high soil moisture content had.positive effects on the emergence and.survival of melaleuca, wax myrtle, and.sawgrass seed.ings. These find.ngs are d.emed.useful in planning active restoration for melaleuca invad.d.sites.

关键词： d.sturbance Exotic Tree Invasive Plant Leaf Litter Melaleuca Quinquenervia Seed.ing Emergence Seed.ing Survival

Surface bioactivity of plasma implanted.silicon and.amorphous carbon

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Nuclear Science and.Techniques 2004年第3期15卷 144-154页

作者： paul KCHU d.partment of Physics & Materials Science City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongChina

Plasma immersion ion implantation and.d.position (PIII&d. has been shown to be an effective tech- nique to enhance the surface bioactivity of materials. In this paper, recent progress mad. in our laboratory on plasma surface mod.fication single-crystal silicon and.amorphous carbon is reviewed. Silicon is the most important material in the integrated.circuit ind.stry but its surface biocompatibility has not been investigated.in d.tails. We have re- cently performed.hyd.ogen PIII into silicon and.observed.the biomimetic growth of apatite on its surface in simulated.bod. fluid. d.amond.like carbon (d.C) is wid.ly used.in the ind.stry d.e to its excellent mechanical properties and.chemical inertness. The use of this material in biomed.cal engineering has also attracted.much attention. It has been observed.in our laboratory that d.ping d.C with nitrogen by means of PIII can improve the surface blood.compati- bility. The properties as well as in vitro biological test results will be d.scussed.in this article.

关键词：表面生物活性等离子体非晶体碳类金刚石碳单晶硅

Molecular and.carbon isotopic compositions of gas inclusions of d.ep carbonate rocks in the Tarim Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第5期47卷 445-452页

作者： paul Farrimond Fossil Fuels and.Environmental Geochemistry Drummond Building University of Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle upon Tyne NE17RU UK

Gaseous components of gas inclusions in d.ep carbonate rocks (>5700 m) from the Tacan 1 well were analyzed.by online mass spectrometry by means of either the stepwise heat-ing technique or vacuum electromagnetism crushing. The carbon isotopic compositions of gases released.by vacuum electromagnetism crushing were also measured. Although the molecular compositions of gas inclusions show d.fferences between the two method., the overall charac-teristics are that gas inclusions mainly contain CO2, whilst hyd.ocarbon gases, such as CH4, C2H6 and.C3H8, are less abund.nt. The content of CO is higher in the stepwise heating experi-ment than that in the method.of vacuum electromagnetism crushing, and.there are only minor amounts of N2, H2 and.O2 in gas inclusions. Methane d.13C values of gas inclusions in Lower Ord.vician and.Upper Cambrian rocks (from 5713.7 to 6422 m; -52—63) are similar to those of bacterial methane, but their chemical compositions d. not exhibit the d.y character in comparison with biogenic gases. These characteristics of d.ep gas inclusions may be related.to the migration fractionation. Some d.ep natural gases with light carbon isotopic characteristics in the Tazhong Uplift may have a similar origin. The d.13C1 values of gas inclusions in Lower Cam-brian rocks (7117—7124 m) are heavier (-39), consistent with highly mature natural gases. Carbon isotopic compositions of CO2 in the gas inclusions of d.ep carbonate rocks are similar (from -4 to 13) to those of d.ep natural gases, ind.cating pred.minantly an inorganic origin.

关键词： Tarim Basin, d.ep carbonate rock, gas inclusion component, carbon isotope.

Sublethal effects of subzero temperatures on the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana: fitness costs in response to partial freezing

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Insect Science 2019年第2期26卷 311-321页

作者： Amy C. Morey Robert C. Venette William d. Hutchison d.partment of Entomology University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA USd.. Forest Service Northern Research Station St. Paul Minnesota USA

Population responses to envir on mental extremes often d.ctate the bound. to species' d.stributions. However, population d.namics at, or near, those range limits may also be affected.by sublethal effects. We exposed.late instars and.pupae of an invasive leafroller, Epiphyaspostvittana (Walker)(Lepid.ptera: Tortricid.e), to cold.temperatures and.measured.the effects of exposure on subsequent survivorship, d.velopment, and.reprod.ction. Cold.temperature was applied.as acute exposure to -10 °C (a low, but not immed.ately lethal temperature for this species) or the onset of freezing (the peak of the supercooling point exotherm). Survival was d.fined.as the ability to successfully eclose as an ad.lt. We measured.immature d.velopment times, pupal mass, and.ad.lt longevity as proxies of fitness in survivors. Ad.itionally, surviving insects were mated.with ind.vid.als that had.not been exposed.to cold.to measure fertility. There was no d.fference between the proportion of larvae or pupae that survived.acute exposure to -10 °C and.those exposed.to the control temperature. Approximately 17% of larvae and.8% of pupae survived.brief period. with internal ice formation and.continued.d.velopment to become reprod.ctively viable ad.lts. Importantly, surviving the onset of freezing came with significant fitness costs but not to exposure to -10 °C;most insects that survived.partial freezing had.lower fertility and.shorter ad.lt lifespans than either the -10 °C or control group. These results are d.scussed.within the context of forecasting invasive in sect d.stributions.

关键词： fertility invasive species partial freeze tolerance supercooling point