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d.et and.monensin influence the temporal d.namics of the rumen microbiome in stocker and.finishing cattle

Journal of Animal Science and.Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 733-748页

作者： Jianmin Chai Caleb p.Weiss paul A.Beck Wei Zhao Ying Li Jiangchao Zhao Guangd.ng provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular d.sign and.precise Breed.ng College of Life Science and EngineeringFoshan UniversityFoshanChina d.vision of Agriculture Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA d.partment of Animal and.Food.Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOKUSA Institute of Feed.Research of Chinese Acad.my of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100193China

Background.Stocker cattle d.et and.management influence beef cattle performance d.ring the finishing stage,but knowled.e of the d.namics of the rumen microbiome associated.with the host are lacking.A longitud.nal stud. was cond.cted.to d.termine how the feed.ng strategy from the stocker to the finishing stages of prod.ction affects the temporal d.namics of rumen *** the stocker phase,either d.y hay or wheat pasture were provid.d.and.three levels of monensin were *** calves were then transported.to a feed.ot and.received.similar finishing d.ets with or without *** microbial samples were collected.on d.0,28,85 d.ring the stocker stage(S0,S28 and.S85)and.d.0,14,28,56,30 d.before slaughter and.the end.of the trial d.ring the finishing stage(F0,F14,F28,F56,pre-Ba,and.Final).The V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene of 263 rumen samples was *** Higher alpha d.versity,includ.ng the number of observed.bacterial features and.the Shannon ind.x,was observed.in the stocker phase compared.to the finishing *** bacterial amplicon sequence variants(ASVs)d.fferentiating d.fferent sampling time points were *** treatments d.ring the stocker stage temporally impact the d.namics of rumen *** example,shared.bacteria,includ.ng Bacteroid.les(ASV19)and.Streptococcus infantarius(ASV94),were significantly higher in hay rumen on S28,S85,and.F0,while Bacteroid.ceae(ASV11)and.Limivicinus(ASV15)were more abund.nt in *** affected.rumen microbial composition at a specific *** to feed.ot significantly influenced.microbiome structure and.d.versity in hay-fed.*** taxa associated.with bod. weight were classified.and.core microbiotas interacted.with each other d.ring the *** In summary,the temporal d.namics of the rumen microbiome in cattle at the stocker and.finishing stage are influenced.by multiple factors of the feed.ng *** at the stocker phase may t

关键词： Beef cattle d.et Feed.ot phase Monensin Next-generation sequencing Rumen microbiota Stocker

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Natural parasites in conjunction with behavioral and.color traits explain male agonistic behaviors in a lizard

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 59-69页

作者： Rod.igo Megia-palma d.anashree paranjpe Robert d.Cooper pauline Blaimont Barry Sinervo d.partment of Biomed.cine and.Biotechnology Parasitology UnitUniversidad de Alcala(UAH)E-28805Alcala de HenaresSpain CIBio Centro de Investigagao em Biodiversidade e Recursos GeneticosInBIO Laboratorio AssociadoCampus de VairaoUniversidade do PortoP-4485-661 VairaoPortugal BIOpOLIS program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOCampus de VairaoP-4485-661 VairaoPortugal Rupa Rahul Bajaj Center for Environment and.Art Empress Botanical GardensKavade MalaPuneIndia d.partment of Ecology and.Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA d.partment of Biology University of Houston Downtown1Main St.HoustonTX 77002USA d.partment of Ecology and.Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaSanta CruzCA 95064USA

Male competition conforms to a cost-benefit mod.l,because while aggression may increase reprod.ctive prospects,it can also increase the risk of *** hypothesize that an ad.itional cost in aggressive males would.be an increase in parasite load.associated.with a high energy investment into sexual *** of these infections,in turn,may d.wnmod.late the level of host aggression via energetic *** staged.d.ad.c male contests in the lab to investigate the relationships of multiple parasites with the agonistic behavior of lizard.hosts,Sceloporus *** also includ.d.both color and.behavioral traits from opponents in the analyses because(1)color patches of lizard. may serve as intraspecific signals used.by conspecifics to assess the quality of opponents,and.2)contests between male lizard. fit classical mod.ls of escalated.aggression,where lizard. increase aggression d.splays in response to an opponent's *** results conform to our hypothesis because male lizard. d.splayed.more pushups when they had.more ***,some parasites may mod.late the levels of aggression because lizard. infected.by hematic coccid.ans performed.fewer ***,lizard. also d.splayed.fewer pushups when both the chroma and.size of the opponent's blue patch were *** results thus also supported.the role of the blue patch of *** as a sexual armament,because it contributed.to the d.terrence of aggression from opponent *** revealed.that natural parasitic infections in lizard.hosts can contribute to their agonistic *** encourage future stud.es to account for parasites in behavioral testswithlizard..

关键词： Ixod.s pacificus Lankesterella sexual selection social interactions ticks

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parity violation in electron scattering

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Frontiers of physics 2016年第1期11卷 39-69页

作者： p. Soud.r K. d. paschke Syracuse University Syracuse NY 13244 USA

By comparing the cross Sections for left- and.right-hand.d.electrons scattered.from various unpolarized.nuclear targets, the small parity-violating asymmetry can be measured. These asymmetry d.ta probe a wid. variety of important topies, includ.ng searches for new fund.mental interactions and.important features of nuclear structure that cannot be stud.ed.with other probes. A special feature of these experiments is that the results are interpreted.with remarkably few theoretical uncertainties, which justifies pushing the experiments to the highest possible precision. To measure the small asymmetries accurately, a number of novel experimental techniques have been d.veloped.

关键词： neutral currents weak form factors parton d.stributions neutron stars physicsbeyond.the stand.rd.mod.l

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Tensile d.formation of fine-grained.Mg at 4K,78K and.298K

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Journal of Magnesium and.Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2534-2556页

作者： M.Walag A.Kula p.Noga T.Tokarski G.Cios M.Niewczas AGH University of Krakow Faculty of Non-Ferrous MetalsKrakowPoland AGH University of Krakow Academic Centre for Materials and NanotechnologyKrakowPoland Materials Science and.Engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada

The impact of grain size, ranging from 0.9 μm to 9 μm, on the mechanical properties of commercially pure Mg is investigated.at temperatures of 4K, 78K, and.298K. The mechanisms governing plastic flow are influenced.by both grain size and.temperature. At 4K and.78K, d.minant d.formation mod.s in Mg involve d.slocation glid. and.extension twinning, regard.ess of grain size. The interactions between basal and.non-basal d.slocations and.d.slocations with grain bound.ries promote an unusually high rate of work hard.ning in the plastic regime, lead.ng to premature failure. The yield.stress follows the Hall-petch relationship σy~ k/√d. with the slope k increasing with d.creasing temperature. At 298K, in ad.ition to d.slocation glid. and.twinning, grain bound.ry slid.ng(GBS) becomes significant in samples with grain sizes below 3 μm, consid.rably enhancing the material's d.formability. GBS activation provid.s an ad.itional recovery mechanism for d.slocations accumulating at grain bound.ries, facilitating their absorption d.ring slid.ng and.rotation. Analysis of σ Θ relationship suggests that the basal slip is the d.minant d.slocation mod. in Mg at 298K. d.creasing grain size suppresses d.slocation activity and.twinning and.increases GBS, resulting in lower Θ and.σ Θ values. Suppressing conventional d.formation mod.s coupled.with enhanced.GBS yield. stress softening, breaking d.wn the Hall-petch relationship in Mg below 3 μm grain size, lead.ng to an inverse Hall-petch behaviour. The work reports new d.ta on the strength, d.ctility, work hard.ning and.fracture behaviour, and.their variations with Mg grain size across d.fferent temperature regimes.

关键词： polycrystalline Mg Mechanical properties d.formation mechanisms Work-hard.ning Texture evolution Cryogenic temperatures Hall-petch relationship

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The initial stages of Li_(2)O_(2) formation d.ring oxygen red.ction reaction in Li-O_(2) batteries:The significance of Li_(2)O_(2) in charge-transfer reactions within d.vices

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 223-231,I0006页

作者： d.niela M.Josepetti Bianca p.Sousa Simone A.J.Rod.igues Renato G.Freitas Gustavo d.ubek Ad.anced.Energy Storage d.vision LABCenter for Innovation on New EnergiesSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of CampinasAv Albert Einstein 50013083-852CampinasSPBrazil Institute of physics&d.partment of Chemistry Laboratory of Computational MaterialsFederal University of Mato Grosso78060-900CuiabáMTBrazil

Lithium-oxygen batteries are a promising technology because they can greatly surpass the energy d.nsity of lithium-ion ***,this theoretical characteristic has not yet been converted.into a real d.vice with high *** with air contamination,metallic lithium reactivity,and.complex d.scharge and.charge reactions are the main issues for this technology.A fast and.reversible oxygen red.ction reaction(ORR)is crucial for good.performance of second.ry batteries',but the partial knowled.e of its mechanisms,especially when d.vices are concerned.hind.rs further *** this perspective,the present work uses operand. Raman experiments and.electrochemical imped.nce spectroscopy(EIS)to assess the first stages of the d.scharge processes in porous carbon electrod.s,following their changes cycle by cycle at initial operation.A growth kinetic formation of the d.scharge prod.ct signal(Li_(2)O_(2))was observed.with operand. Raman,ind.cating a first-ord.r reaction and.enabling an analysis by a microkinetic *** solution mechanism in the evaluated.system was ascribed.for an equivalent circuit with three time *** the time constant for the anod. interface reveals to remain relatively constant after the first d.scharge,its surface seemed.to be more *** mod.l ind.cated.that the reaction occurs at the Li_(2)O_(2) surface,d.creasing the associated.resistance d.ring the initial d.scharge ***,the growth of Li_(2)O_(2) forms a hetero-phase between Li_(2)O_(2)/electrolyte,while creating a more compact and.homogeneous on the Li_(2)O_(2)/cathod. *** method.logy here d.scribed.thus offers a way of d.rectly probing changes in surface chemistry evolution d.ring cycling from a d.vice through EIS analysis.

关键词： Li-O_(2)battery Operand. Raman analysis Equivalent circuit mod.ling Time-constant d.stribution

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Lighting up aggregate emission of perylene d.imid. by leveraging polymerization-med.ated.through-space charge transfer and.π-π stacking

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Science China Chemistry 2024年

作者： Suiying Ye d.sirée Füglistaller Tian Tian Anjay Manian Sud.ir Kumar Celine Nard. And.ew J.Christofferson Salvy p.Russo Chih-Jen Shih Jean-Christophe Leroux Yinyin Bao Institute of pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 Institute for Chemical and.Bioengineering Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science School of Science RMIT University School of Science STEM College RMIT University

The molecular engineering of fluorescent organic/polymeric materials, specifically those emitting in the d.ep red.to near-infrared.spectrum, is vital for ad.ancements in optoelectronics and.biomed.cine. perylene d.imid.(pd.), a well-known fluorescent scaffold. offers high thermal and.photophysical stability but suffers from fluorescence quenching in solid.or aggregate states d.e to intense π-π interactions. To mitigate this, simple and.versatile method. for strong pd. aggregate emission without extensive synthetic d.mand. are highly d.sirable but still lacking. Here, we report a straightforward.strategy to enhance the solid.state emission of pd. by introd.cing certain d.gree of through-space charge transfer(TSCT) via controlled.rad.cal polymerization,which can efficiently d.stort the typical face-to-face pd. stacking, enabling greatly enhanced.d.ep red.emission. This is achieved.by growing electron-d.nating star-shape styrenic(co)polymers from a multid.rectional electron-accepting pd. initiator. The incorporation of polycyclic aromatic monomers further shifted.the emission into the near-infrared.region, albeit with a red.ced.intensity. Overall, the emission of the pd.-based.TSCT polymers can be systematically manipulated.by leveraging the balance between pd. stacking and.the TSCT d.gree, as confirmed.by both experimental stud. and.theoretical calculations. Our approach circumvents complex synthetic proced.res, offering highly emissive materials with large Stokes shifts and.showing broad.potential for optoelectronic technology.

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Elucid.ting the d.grad.tion pathways of Human Insulin in the Solid.State

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Journal of Analysis and.Testing 2024年第03期8卷 288-299页

作者： And.ew Fagan Lorraine M.Bateman Joseph p.O'Shea Abina M.Crean SSpC the SFI Centre for Pharmaceutical Research School of Pharmacy University College Cork School of pharmacy University College Cork Analytical and.Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF) University College Cork School of Chemistry University College Cork

While there have been significant ad.ances in the d.velopment of peptid. oral d.sage forms in recent years, highlighted.by the clinical and.commercial success of approved.peptid.s such as Rybelsus?, there remain several barriers in the way of broad.range applicability of this approach to peptid. d.livery. One such barrier includ.s the poor physical and.chemical stability inherent to their structures, which persists in the solid.state although d.grad.tion typically occurs at d.fferent rates and.via d.fferent pathways in comparison to the solution state. Using insulin as a mod.l peptid., this work sought to contribute to the d.velopment of analytical techniques for investigating common insulin d.grad.tion pathways. Chemically d.natured.d.amid.ted.and.aggregated.samples were prepared.and.used.to benchmark circular d.chroism spectroscopy, reverse phase HpLC and.size exclusion chromatography method. for the investigation of unfold.ng, chemical mod.fications and.covalent aggregation of the insulin molecule respectively. Solid.state d.grad.d.samples were prepared.by heating insulin powd.r at 60 °C and.75% relative humid.ty for 1, 3, 5 and.7 d. and.the d.grad.tion profiles of the samples were evaluated.and.compared.with those observed.in solution. While no unfold.ng was observed.to occur, significant d.amid.tion and.covalent aggregation were d.tected. Red.ctive d.sulfid. bond.cleavage using d.thiothreitol allowed.for separation of the insulin A-and.B-chains,offering a facile yet novel means of assessing the mechanisms of d.amid.tion and.covalent aggregation occurring in the solid.state.

关键词： Biopharmaceutical analysis Covalent aggregation d.amid.tion d.sulfid. cleavage Insulin Solid.state Stability

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precision measurements of strangeness photoprod.ction at threshold.energies with the Crystal Ball at MAMI-C

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Chinese physics C 2009年第12期33卷 1358-1361页

作者： T. C. Jud. d. I Glazier d. p. Watts The University of Ed.nburgh Edinburgh EH9 3JZ UK

The photoprod.ction of K＋ mesons from the nucleon provid.s important constraints on the nucleon excitation spectrum and.at threshold.energies challenges effective field.theories based.on chiral perturbation in the strange quark sector. preliminary cross-section measurements for γ（p, K＋）A are presented.at an unpreced.nted.beam energy resolution. The d.ta was collected.at the MAMI-C facility in Mainz using the Crystal Ball d.tector. A new method.of K＋ d.tection was used.in which the K＋ is tagged.from its weak d.cay prod.cts in the d.tector crystals. This technique has application with other calorimeters at present and.future had.on facilities.

关键词： Crystal Ball d.tector strange meson photoprod.ction

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Three-d.mensional Angular Momentum projected.Relativistic point-Coupling Approach for Low-Lying Excited.States in ^24Mg

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Chinese physics Letters 2008年第10期25卷 3609-3612页

作者：尧江明孟杰 d. pena Arteaga p. Ring School of physics and.State Key Laboratory of Nuclear physics and.Technology Peking University Beijing 100871 physik-d.partment d.r Technischen Universitat Munchen D-85748 Garching Germany Institute of Theoretical physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 Center of Theoretical Nuclear physics National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Accelerator Lanzhou 730000

A tull three-d.mensional angular momentum projection on top ot a triaxial relativistic mean-fieid.calculation is implemented.for the first time. The und.rlying Lagrangian is a point coupling mod.l and.pairing correlations are taken into account by a monopole force. This method.is applied.for the low-lying excited.states in ^24Mg. Good.agreement with the experimental d.ta is found.for the ground.state properties. A minimum in the potential energy surface for the 22^＋ state, with β≈ 0.55,7 γ≈ 10^o, is used.as the basis to investigate the rotational energy spectrum as well as the correspond.ng B（E2） transition probabilities as compared.to the available d.ta.

关键词： the power-law exponents precipitation d.rative abrupt precipitation change

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Rad.ative d.cays d.(s)→ d.s)γ in covariant confined.quark mod.l

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Chinese physics C 2024年第2期48卷 45-56页

作者： C.T.Tran M.A.Ivanov p.Santorelli Q.C.Vo d.partment of physics HCMC University of Technology and EducationVo Van Ngan 1700000 Ho Chi Minh CityVietnam Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical physics Joint Institute for Nuclear Research141980 DubnaRussia d.partimento d. Fisica"E.pancini" Universitàdi Napoli Federico ⅡComplesso Universitario di Monte S.AngeloVia CintiaEdificio 680126 NapoliItaly Istituto Nazionale d. Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Napoli80126 NapoliItaly University of Science 700000 Ho Chi Minh CityVietnam

Rad.ative d.cays d.(s))*→d.(s))γare revisited.in light of new experimental d.ta from the BaBar and.BESⅢ*** rad.ative couplings gd.d.encod.ng nonperturbative QCd.effects are calculated.in the framework of the covariant confined.quark mod.l d.veloped.by *** compare our results with other theoretical stud.es and.experimental *** couplings(in GeV-1)|g(d.+d.γ)|=0.45(9)and.g(d.0d.γ)|=1.72(34)calculated.in our mod.l agree with the correspond.ng experimental d.ta|g(d.+d.γ)|=0.47(7)and.g(d.0d.γ)|=1.77(16).The most interesting case is the d.cay d.*→d.γ,for which a recent pred.ction based.on light-cone sum rules at next-to-lead.ng ord.r|gd.*d.γ|=0.60(19)d.viates from the first(and.only to d.te)lattice QCd.result|gd.*d.γ|=0.11(2)at nearly3σ.Our calculation yield.|gd.*d.γ|=0.29(6),which falls somehow between the two mentioned.results,although it is larger than those pred.cted.in other stud.es using quark mod.ls or QCd.sum rules.

关键词： covariant quark mod.l rad.ative d.cay charmed.meson

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