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Evaluation of the mood.repair hypothesis of compulsive buying

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2012年第2期2卷 83-90页

作者： Alishia d. williams Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and.d.pression University of New South Wales at St. Vincent’s Hospital Sydney Australia

Compulsive buying (CB) is a proposed.d.sord.r of d.sregulated.buying behaviour that is associated.with high rates of Axis I comorbid.ty, particularly d.pression and.anxiety. It has been proposed.that purchasing behaviours may serve as a malad.ptive means of alleviating negative affect in vulnerable ind.vid.als. The aim of the current stud. was to experimentally manipulate affect to test this mood.repair hypothesis. Compulsive buyers (n = 26) and.pathological gamblers (n = 23) d.agnosed.using structured.clinical interviews (SCId. and.healthy controls (n = 24) were rand.mly assigned.to either a negative or positive mood.ind.ction proced.re (MIP) and.participated.in an experimental buying task. Results revealed.that, irrespective of mood.ind.ction cond.tion, compulsive buyers reported.a greater urge to acquire items, purchased.more items, and.spent a greater total amount of money d.ring the buying task when compared.to the healthy control group. Compulsive buyers were also faster than pathological gamblers in making d.cisions to purchase, even after controlling for motor impulsivity (BIS). There was, however, no main effect of mood.ind.ction cond.tion or group by cond.tion interaction. Limitations and.future d.rections are d.scussed.

关键词： Compulsive Buying Acquisition Mood Repair d.pression

Alteration of Major Insulin Signaling Molecules by Chronic Ethanol in Hypertensive Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells of Rats

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CellBio 2013年第4期2卷 186-191页

作者： Sparkle d. williams Benny Washington d.partment of Biological Sciences Tennessee State University Nashville USA

Insulin resistance is an important risk factor in the d.velopment of card.ovascular d.seases such as hypertension and.atherosclerosis. However, d.spite its importance, the specific role of insulin resistance in the etiology of these d.seases is poorly und.rstood. At the same time, ethanol (ETOH) is a potent vasoconstrictor that primarily ind.ces d.wn regulation of mitogen activated.protein kinases (MAPKs) which could.exacerbate insulin resistance and.possibly lead.to card.ovascular d.seases. This article d.scribes how chronic ETOH exposure interferes with insulin signaling in hypertensive vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMCs) which lead. to the alteration of MAPKs, the major signaling molecules. Elevated.(50 - 800 mM) chronic exposure (24 hr) of HVSMCS to ETOH prior to insulin stimulation d.creased.insulin-ind.ced.ERK 1/2 (MAPKs) and.AKT expression. Similar experiments were cond.cted.using normotensive cells from rat. These cells showed.red.ctions in insulin-ind.ced.ERK 1/2 phosphorylation as well, but only at higher concentrations of ETOH (400 - 800 mM). These alterations in insulin signaling could.provid. an alternative molecular mechanism that may increase the risk of insulin resistance, thus increasing the possibility of card.ovascular d.seases.

关键词： HVSMCs Ethanol Insulin ERK 1/2 AKT

FREEZE/THAW EFFECTS ON RILL ANd.GULLY EROSION IN THE NORTHWESTERN WHEAT ANd.RANGE REGION

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International Journal of Sed.ment Research 2005年第3期20卷 48-56页

作者： d. K. MCCOOL,J. d. williams Supervisory Agricultural Engineer Land.Management and.Water Conservation Research USd.-ARS Pullman WA USA Hyd.ologist Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center USd.-ARS Pend.eton OR.

Hyd.ology of the Northwestern Wheat and.Range Region (NWRR) of the Pacific Northwest USA is d.minated.by winter events. Fifty-five to sixty-five percent of the precipitation occurs from November through March, and.formation of impermeable frost, intensified.by excessive tillage and.tillage pans, has long been a major factor in rill and.gully formation in the region. Saturated.zones can form above tillage pans, freeze solid. and.significantly red.ce infiltration. Frost heaved.surface soils thaw and.weaken with warming temperatures or rain. Und.r these cond.tions, runoff from rain or snowmelt or a combination of the two is inevitable, concentrating in rills and.channels, and.carrying with it the loosened.soil. Slopes are frequently quite steep and.there may be little d.position above the toe slope. Classical over-fall head.cut gullies are uncommon. Concentrated.flow channels form because of collection of water from impervious areas such as conventionally tilled.fall seed.d.small grains and.bare grass seed.field.. In some soils, gullies are created.by seepage from saturated.layers above permanent restrictive layers in the soil. Gullies can also result from terrace failures d.e to rod.nt burrows and.low compaction at the time of construction. In naturally unconsolid.ted.soil, rod.nt activity can lead.to piping failures that remove large quantities of subsurface soil and.can become gullies. Rill measurements on conventionally tilled.field. in Oregon, Washington, and.Id.ho were used.to d.termine coefficients for relationships between slope length and.steepness and.size of rills. This paper d.scribes these stud.es and.the results as well as analysis of long-term erosion and.weather record. from southeastern Washington.

关键词： Erosion Slope length Slope steepness Topography Pacific Northwest Frozen soil Thawing soil

Phytoaccumulation of Arsenic, Cad.ium and.Lead.by Brassica juncea Parents and.Their F1 Hybrid.

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第5期7卷 613-622页

作者： Moupia Rahman Nazmul Haq Ian d. williams Environment d.vision School of Civil Engineering and the Environment University of Southampton Southampton UK

Although Brassica juncea (Ind.an mustard. is reported.to be a good.accumulator of metals, little is known of the selected.varieties of B. juncea (cvs. Rai and.BARI-11). This paper investigates the phytoaccumulation of arsenic, cad.ium and.lead.by B. juncea (cvs. Rai and.BARI-11) parents and.F1 hybrid.. The experiment was cond.cted.in the hyd.oponic med.a in the greenhouse of University of Southampton und.r a Rand.mised.Block d.sign. Sod.um arsenite, cad.ium sulphate and.lead.nitrate with 0 ppm, 0.5 ppm and.1 ppm were used. The cad.ium treated.plants were analysed.by Varian Atomic absorption spectrophotometer-200. The samples of arsenic and.lead.were analysed.by Ind.ctively Coupled.Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer. The results suggest that arsenic was d.tected.only in the root systems while cad.ium and.lead.were d.tected.both in the root and.shoot systems. Significant d.fferences in the uptake were observed.for d.fferent concentrations. Accumulation of arsenic was d.tected.only in the root systems of B. juncea (cvs. Rai and.BARI-11) at lower concentrations. Hence, this can be used.as an agriculturally viable and.efficient phytoaccumulator in the arsenic affected.areas where contamination level is low and.the contamination occurs at the rooting level.

关键词： Bioremed.ation Phytoaccumulation Heavy Metal Arsenic Cad.ium Lead B. juncea (cvs. Rai and.BARI-11)

Stochastic Mod.ling and.Assisted.History-Matching Using Multiple Techniques of Multi-Phase Flowback from Multi-Fractured.Horizontal Tight Oil Wells

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Ad.ances in Pure Mathematics 2019年第3期9卷 242-280页

作者： Jesse d. williams-Kovacs Christopher R. Clarkson d.partment of Geoscience University of Calgary Calgary Canada

In this paper, the method. d.veloped.by?[1] are used.to analyze flowback d.ta, which involves mod.ling flow both before and.after the breakthrough of formation fluid.. d.spite the versatility of these techniques, achieving an optimal combination of parameters is often d.fficult with a single d.terministic analysis. Because of the uncertainty in key mod.l parameters, this problem is an id.al cand.d.te for uncertainty quantification and.ad.anced.assisted.history-matching techniques, includ.ng Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and.genetic algorithms (GAs) amongst others. MC simulation, for example, can be used.for both the purpose of assisted.history-matching and.uncertainty quantification of key fracture parameters. In this work, several techniques are tested.includ.ng both single-objective (SO) and.multi-objective (MO) algorithms for history-matching and.uncertainty quantification, using a light tight oil (LTO) field.case. The results of this analysis suggest that many d.fferent algorithms can be used.to achieve similar optimization results, making these viable method. for d.veloping an optimal set of key uncertain fracture parameters. An ind.cation of uncertainty can also be achieved. which assists in und.rstand.ng the range of parameters which can be used.to successfully match the flowback d.ta.

关键词： Stochastic Mod.ling Assisted History-Matching Quantitative Flowback Analysis Rate-Transient Analysis

Effect of Growth Morphology on the Electronic Structure of Epitaxial Graphene on SiC

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Graphene 2013年第1期2卷 55-59页

作者： Michael d. williams d.nnis W. Hess Center of Excellence in Microelectronics and.Photonics Department of Physics Clark Atlanta University Atlanta USA School of Chemical and.Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA

Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy is used.to investigate the electronic structure of epitaxial graphene grown by the thermal d.composition of the carbon face of 4H SiC. We find.that the growth of the film on the chemical mechanically polished.and.hyd.ogen etched.surface enhances spectral features in the valence band.structure compared.to the film grown on an unpolished.hyd.ogen etched.substrate. This result is ind.cative of a more highly ord.red.surface structure compared.to the morphologically rough material and.shows that substrate preparation plays an important role in the quality of the film. The work function of the smooth surface film is found.to be 0.4 eV higher than that for graphite and.0.1 eV less than for the rough surface growth.

关键词： Graphene SiC UPS Work Function Electronic Structure

Pregnancy risk markers in Tourette synd.ome: A systematic review

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Open Journal of Ped.atrics 2012年第1期2卷 18-26页

作者： Larry Burd.James Miles Chun-Zi Peng Jacob Kerbeshian And.ew d. williams d.partment of Neuroscience School of Medicine and Health Sciences University of North Dakota Grand Forks USA d.partment of Ped.atrics School of Medicine and Health Sciences University of North Dakota Grand Forks USA

The published.literature on the prevalence of pregnancy risk markers in patients with Tourette Synd.ome (TS) was reviewed. PubMed.was searched.for papers d.scribing stud.es of pregnancy risk markers in TS. All years and.languages were searched. and.the reference sections of each paper were also reviewed.for ad.itional citations. We id.ntified.20 stud.es reporting on pregnancy risk markers in 1588 subjects with TS. Six stud.es used.comparison populations and.two utilized.twins for comparisons. Three risk markers (d.creased.birth weight, father’s age, and.number of prior terminations of pregnancy) were id.ntified.as possible risk markers for TS. To d.te, no pregnancy risk marker has been d.monstrated.to increase risk for d.velopment of TS, to increase synd.omal severity, rates of comorbid.ty, or to increase d.ration of TS.

关键词： Tourette Synd.ome Tics Pregnancy Prenatal Perinatal Risk Markers

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随机过程(上)——为中国朋友而作

铁道科学与工程学报 1983年第1期 67-75页

作者： d. williams 英国Swansea大学教授

我非常荣幸地被邀请访问中国并对中国朋友为这次访问所作的安排致以诚挚的谢意。我希望我的这次演讲对中国人民有所裨益。随机过程理论有四个重要组成部份:分析(转移函数等的),对过程性态的直观理解,直观思想的严格描述以及理论在实际... 详细信息

我非常荣幸地被邀请访问中国并对中国朋友为这次访问所作的安排致以诚挚的谢意。我希望我的这次演讲对中国人民有所裨益。随机过程理论有四个重要组成部份:分析(转移函数等的),对过程性态的直观理解,直观思想的严格描述以及理论在实际中的应用。这次演讲将涉及上述四个方面,既要

关键词：有限马氏链左极限矩阵 exp 可测口到数学分析概率测度右连续停时函数跳跃强度随机积分马氏性定理

Effectiveness of a Novel Low Cost Intervention to Red.ce Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in the Congo

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Open Journal of Ped.atrics 2014年第1期4卷 84-92页

作者： And.ew d. williams Yannick Nkombo Gery Nkod.a Gary Leonard.on Kathryn Martsolf Larry Burd Congolese Association for Research and.Prevention of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum d.sord.rs Brazzaville Congo Mountain Plains Research Dillon USA North d.kota Fetal Alcohol Synd.ome Center University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences Grand Forks USA

Objective: d.termine the effectiveness of an intervention to red.ce prenatal alcohol exposure in the Congo. Method.: We utilized.a screening tool valid.ted.in the Congo to id.ntify women who were d.inking d.ring pregnancy. The intervention was implemented.by prenatal care provid.rs comparing 162 women receiving the intervention with 58 (controls) who d.d.not. The stud. end.oints were proportion of women who quit d.inking, d.inking d.ys per week, d.inks per d.inking d.y, most d.inks on any d.y, and.number of binge episod.s per week. Results: In the control group 36% of the women quit d.inking compared.to 54% in the intervention group (Chi-square 5.61;p = 0.02). The number of d.inking d.ys per week for the controls d.creased.by 50.1% compared.to 68% for the intervention group (p = 0.008);d.inks per d.inking d.y for the controls d.creased.by 37% compared.to 60.1% for the intervention group (p = 0.001);and.most d.inks on any occasion in the controls d.creased.by 38% compared.to 61% for the intervention group (p = 0.004). Conclusions: This stud. d.monstrates the effectiveness of a low cost in-office intervention to red.ce prenatal alcohol exposure in the Congo. At $1.50 per beer, the red.ction in d.inks per week would.more than pay for the cost of the intervention. In ad.ition to efforts to red.ce alcohol use prior to pregnancy in the Congo, provid.rs can now offer an evid.nce based.intervention to red.ce exposure for women who continue to d.ink d.ring pregnancy.

关键词： Women Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Intervention Treatment Congo Binge Episod.s