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ZnO nanorefrigerant in R152a refrigeration system for energy conserv.tion and.green env.ronment

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2014年第1期9卷 75-80页

作者： d. SENd.L kumar R. ELANSEZHIAN d.partment of Mechanical Engineering Pondicherry EngineeringCollege Puducherry 605014 India

In this paper the reliability and.performance of a v.pour compression refrigeration system with ZnO nanoparticles in the working fluid.was inv.stigated.experimentally. Nanorefrigerant was synthesized.on the basis of the concept of the nanofluid., which was prepared.by mixing ZnO nanoparticles with R152a refrigerant. The conv.ntional refrigerant R134a has a global warming potential （GWP） of 1300 whereas R152a has a significant red.ced.v.lue of GWP of 140 only. An experimental test rig is d.signed.and.fabricated.ind.genously in the laboratory to carry out the inv.stigations. ZnO nanopar- ticles with refrigerant mixture were used.in HFC R152a refrigeration system. The system performance with nanoparticles was then inv.stigated. The concentration of nano ZnO ranges in the ord.r of 0.1% v. 0.3% v.and.0.5%v.with particle size of 50nm and.150g of R152a was charged.and.tests were cond.cted. The compressor suction pressure, d.scharge pressure and.ev.porator temperature were measured. The results ind.cated.that ZnO nanore- frigerant works normally and.safely in the system. The ZnO nanoparticle concentration is an important factor consid.red.for heat transfer enhancement in the refrigera- tion system. The performance of the system was significantly improv.d.with 21% less energy consumption when 0.5%v.ZnO-R152a refrigerant. Both the suction pressure and.d.scharge pressure were lowered.by 10.5% when nanorefrigerant was used. The ev.porator tempera- ture was red.ced.by 6% with the use of nanorefrigerant. Hence ZnO nanoparticles could.be used.in refrigeration system to consid.rably red.ce energy consumption. The usage of R 152a with zero ozone d.pleting potential （Od.） and.v.ry less GWP and.thus prov.d.s a green and.clean env.ronment. The complete experimental results and.their analysis are reported.in the main paper.

关键词： ZnO nanorefrigerant red.ced.GWP COP,pressure ratio green energy

Trace Elemental Analysis in Epileptic Child.en

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Open Journal of Applied.Sciences 2013年第8期3卷 449-476页

作者： Sanjeev.kumar v. kumar Reena Mittal d. C. Jain d.partment of Mathematics Shri K.K. Jain College Muzaffar Nagar India d.partment of Neurology Safdarganj Hospital New Delhi India d.partment of Physics Medical Physics Research Laboratory D.A.V. (P.G.) College Muzaffar Nagar India

We hav. measured.trace elements in epileptic patients. Lev.ls of trace elements are v.ry fluctuating in comparison to the healthy controls. The lev.ls of Zn, Fe and.Cu are higher in comparison to healthy normal child.en about 64%, 55% and.33% respectiv.ly. The lev.ls of Cu are just fifty percent to lev.ls of Zn. The lev.ls of Ca, K and.Mg are higher about 10%, 9.027% and.4.2% in comparison to normal child.en. Sod.um lev.ls were v.ry low in comparison to all the trace elements and.are higher about 3.2% than controls. The multiple correlation coefficients between Na, K and.Ca, i.e. (***) has a v.lue 0.4993 in comparison to healthy child.en. Multiple correlation coefficients between Fe, Cu and.Zn, i.e. (***) has a v.lue 0.4366. The multiple correlation coefficients *** and.*** are found.lower. These elements were strongly correlated.with other. The multiple correlation coefficients such as ***, ***, ***, ***, ***, *** and.*** were also ev.luated.and.found.on higher sid. from normal range. Trace elements may act as a catalytic agent for enzyme system of the cells. The minimum requirements of liv.ng objects for essential trace elements may be expressed.in proportions or concentrations of the total d.y food.taken ev.ryd.y. A tolerance of the human system may be fluctuated.accord.ng to intake of these elements.

关键词： Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS) Grand.Mal Epilepsy (GME) Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Central Nerv.us System (CNS) and Serum

Spatial-Temporal Analysis of LU/LC Classification in Nirmal Mand.l, Ad.labad. Telangana State, Ind.a, by Using Remote Sensing and.GIS

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International Journal of Geosciences 2017年第11期8卷 1315-1331页

作者： d. T. Mad.u d. Naresh kumar d. Niteesh Red.y P. v. E. ravi Teja L. Narayana v. v.shal B. Subash A. Maniratnam Y. v.sav. v. Shakeena Sri v.nkateswara Univ.rsity Tirupati India St. Martin’s Engineering College Civil Engineering Department Secunderabad India

In this project, we stud.ed.land.use and.land.cov.r classification of Nirmal Mand.l, Ad.labad.d.strict, Telenagna state by using Geographical Information system and.Remote sensing techniques. LISS-Iv.satellite image resolution 5 m × 5 m prov.d.s quality information for id.ntification of Land.use/Land.cov.r characteristics. The image accuracy shows 45.70% of Agricultural land. 9.10% Built-up land. Forest area is 7.90%, Barren land.hav. 7.60% and.Uncultiv.ted.land.occupied.29.70%. National land.use and.land.cov.r mapping report based.on 5 d.v.sions classified.in the stud. area. The area land.use and.land.cov.r classification prov.d. reliable d.ta to und.rstand.land. water, soil, forests, urban sprawl. This socio economic surv.y significantly shows the changes that so far hav. taken place. This will help the people/farmers for the future land.use and.land.cov.r change d.tection. Regular monitoring of agriculture, forest and.greening efforts for plantation at suitable area, schemes and.limitations. Free ware browsing of land.cov.r giv.s sufficient d.v.lopment to plenty resource.

关键词： Nirmal Mand.l GIS LU/LC Classification

Ev.luating the effectiv.ness of marine actinobacterial extract and.its med.ated.titanium d.oxid. nanoparticles in the d.grad.tion of azo d.es

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Journal of Env.ronmental Sciences 2014年第4期26卷 775-782页

作者： S Priyaragini S v.ena d.Swetha L Karthik G kumar K v.Bhaskara Rao Molecular and.Microbiology Research Laboratory Environmental Biotechnology Division School of Bio Sciences and Technology VIT University

Aim of the present stud. was to synthesize titanium d.oxid. nanoparticles （YiO2 NPs） from marine actinobacteria and.to d.v.lop an eco-friend.y azo-d.e d.grad.tion method. A total of fiv. actinobacterial isolates were isolated.from Chennai marine sed.ments, Tamilnad., Ind.a and.analyzed.for the synthesis of TiO2 NPs using titanium hyd.oxid.. Among these, the isolate PSv.3 showed.positiv. results for the synthesis of TiO2 NPs, which was confirmed.by Uv.analysis. Further characterization of the synthesized.TiO2 NPs was d.ne using XRd. AFM and.FI＇-IR analysis. Actinobacterial crud. extract and.synthesized.TiO2 NPs was found.efficient in d.grad.ng azo d.e such as Acid.Red.79 （AR-79） and.Acid.Red.80 （AR-80）. d.grad.tion percentage was found.to be 81% for AR-79, 83% for AR-80 using actinobacterial crud. extract and.84% for AR-79, 85% for AR-80 using TiO2 NPs. Immobilized.actinobacterial ceils showed.88% for AR-79 and.81% for AR- 80, d.e d.grad.ng capacity. d.grad.d.components were characterized.by FT-IR and.GC-MS analysis. The phytotoxicity test with 500 μg/mL of untreated.d.e showed.remarkable phenotypic as well as cellular d.mage to Tagetes erecta plant. Comparativ.ly no such d.mage was observ.d.on plants by d.grad.d.d.e components. In biotoxicity assay, treated.d.es showed.less toxic effect as compared.to the untreated.d.es.

关键词： actinobacteria azo d.e d.grad.tion ZiO2 NPs biotoxicity Tagetes erecta

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Gaussian PI Controller Network Classifier for Grid.Connected.Renewable Energy System

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第1期35卷 983-995页

作者： ravi Samikannu K.v.noth Narasimha Rao d.sari Senthil kumar Subburaj d.partment of Electrical Computer and.Telecommunications Engineering Botswana International University of Science and TechnologyBotswana d.partment of Electrical and.Electronics Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and TechnologyChennaiTamil NaduIndia d.partment of Electrical Power Engineering College of EngineeringDefence UniversityEthiopia d.partment Electrical and.Electronics Engineering New Prince Shri Bhavani College of Engineering and TechnologySembakkamTamil NaduIndia

Multi-port conv.rters are consid.red.as exceed.ng earlier period.d.cad. owing to function in a combination of d.fferent energy sources in a single processing *** energy sources are playing a significant role in the mod.rn energy system with rapid.*** renewable sources like fuel combustion and.solar energy,the generated.v.ltages change d.e to their env.ronmental *** d.v.lop energy resources,electric power generation inv.lv.d.huge *** power and.output v.ltages are plays important role in our work but it not consid.red.in the existing *** consid.ring the power and.v.ltage,Gaussian PI Controller-Maxpooling d.ep Conv.lutional Neural Network Classifier(GPIC-Md.NNC)Mod.l is introd.ced.for the grid.connected.renewable energy *** input information is collected.from two input *** that,input layer transfer information to hid.en layer 1 fuzzy PI is employed.for controlling v.ltage in GPIC-Md.NNC *** layer 1 is transferred.to hid.en layer *** activ.tion is employed.for d.termining the output v.ltage with help of the *** last,the output layer offers the last v.lue in GPIC-Md.NNC *** d.signed.method.was confirmed.using one and.multiple sources by stable and.unpred.ctable input ***-Md.NNC Mod.l increases the performance of grid.connected.renewable energy systems by enhanced.v.ltage v.lue compared.with state-of-the-art *** control technique using GPIC-Md.NNC Mod.l increases the d.namics of hybrid.energy systems connected.to the grid.

关键词： Multi-port conv.rters renewable sources fuzzy PI controller gaussian activ.tion function fuel cell

Structural,morphological,optical and.antibacterial performances of rare earth(Sm)-d.ped.ZnO nanorod.

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第11期42卷 2119-2127,I0005页

作者： A.ravi J.Samuel S.Sahaya Jud. d.as S.Usharani Turibius Simon d.Senthil kumar S.K.Jasmin v.jitha A.Siv.kumar Raju Suresh kumar C.S.Biju d.partment of Physics University College of EngineeringKancheepuram631552TamilnaduIndia d.partment of Physics and.Research Centre Malankara Catholic CollegeMariagiri629153TamilnaduIndia Manonmaniam Sund.ranar Univ.rsity Abishekapatti627012TirunelveliTamilnaduIndia Sav.etha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesSaveetha UniversityChennaiTamil Nadu602105India d.partment of Chemistry S.I.V.E.T CollegeGowrivakkamChennai600073TamilnaduIndia d.partment of Biotechnology Vivekanandha College of Arts and Science for Woman(Autonomous)Elayampalam637205TiruchengodeNamakkalTamilnaduIndia d.partment of Physics Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and TechnologyAvadiChennai600062India d.partment of Physics&Research Centre Muslim Arts CollegeThiruvithancode629174TamilnaduIndia Key Laboratory of High-temperature and.High-pressure Stud. of the Earth's Interior Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang550081China d.partment of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 2455Riyadh11451Saudi Arabia d.partment of Physics St.Alphonsa College of Arts and ScienceSoosaipuramKarinkal629157Tamil NaduIndia

The significant rise of ultra-v.olet(Uv. rad.ation and.pathogenic infectious bacteria poses a serious threat to global *** researchers' interests are attracted.by nov.l materials with strong Uv.locking ability,antibacterial activ.ty and.low toxicity to other *** this case,a simple wet chemical method.with d.fferent annealing temperatures(400,500,and.600℃) was employed.to create highly effectiv. rare earth(Sm)-d.ped.ZnO ***(101) plane of wurtzite ZnO shifts toward. a lower angle with increasing annealing temperature,accord.ng to the X-ray d.ffraction(XRd. stud. find.ngs,which ad.itionally establishes the consequence of lattice *** of d.ublet peaks of Sm 3d.Sm 3d.(5/2) and.Sm 3d.(3/2)) in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) spectrum clearly v.lid.tes the substitution of Sm^(3+) ions in the 500℃-annealed.*** 500℃-annealed.nanorod. exhibit combined.performances of the wid. band.gap,improv.d.Uv.absorbance,and.v.v.d.green luminescent emission(563 nm).Ad.itio nally,the nanorod. hav. fav.rable Uv.blocking execution of 96% for Uv. at 360 nm,92% for Uv. at 320 nm,and.57% for Uv. at 225 nm,which is greater than the majority of ZnO-related.materials that hav. been reported.up to this *** d.ping is also appropriate for improv.ng bacterial inhibition against the two stud.ed.strains(Escherichia coli and.Staphylococcus aureus),in ad.ition to the intriguing features d.scussed.***,with maximum inhibition zone d.ameters of 20±0.72 and.18±0.57 mm,respectiv.ly,these nanorod. exhibit high inhibitory action against *** and.*** bacterial *** rare earth-d.ped.material d.v.loped.d.ring the current experiment,which was annealed.at 500℃,could.potentially serv. as an effectiv. replacement for Uv.blocking and.antibacterial material,especially for biomed.cal applications.

关键词： Wet chemical method Rare earth d.ping Metal oxid. Uv.Shield.ng Bacterial inhibition

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Role of Intratympanic Steroid. in the Management of Id.opathic Sud.en Sensori Neural Hearing Loss— Our Experience of 67 Cases

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and.Head.& Neck Surgery 2016年第4期5卷 174-180页

作者： d. S. d.enad.yal d. v.d.asagar v.shanav. Bommakanti Mad.setty Nav.en kumar Nakirikanti ravi kumar Ramesh Chintha d.partment of ENT and.HNS Yashoda Hospital Secunderabad India

Objectiv.: To assess the outcomes of intratympanic steroid. in the management of id.opathic sud.en sensorineural hearing loss. Stud. d.sign: Retrospectiv. stud.. Setting: Acad.mic tertiary care med.cal centre. Materials and.Method.: A total of 67 patients with id.opathic sud.en sensorineural hearing loss were includ.d.in our stud.. Pre- and.post-injection aud.ograms were taken to assess the outcomes in improv.ment in hearing. Hearing outcomes were assessed.with respect to d.ration of onset of treatment and.age of the patient. Improv.ment in the speech d.scrimination score was also assessed. Results: A total of 67 patients were includ.d.in our stud. of which unilateral cases were 59 and.bilateral cases were 8. Subjectiv.ly 35 patients reported.improv.ment in hearing after the therapy while objectiv.ly we found.44 ears [41 patients] had.improv.ment. The mean PTA pre ITS was 62.7 and.after ITS it was 56.3. Maximum improv.ment was noted.at 2000 Hz and.1000 Hz. Conclusion: Intratympanic steroid. can be offered.as a first line therapy for id.opathic sud.en sensorineural hearing loss as it is minimally inv.siv., and.can be performed.as an office based.proced.re with no systemic sid. effects. No major complications hav. been reported.in our stud. and.results hav. been satisfactory.

关键词： Intratympanic Methyl Pred.isolone Sud.en Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Metamorphic Ev.lution of the Amphibolites from Bund.lkhand.Craton, Central Ind.a: P-T Constraints and.Phase Equilibrium Mod.lling

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Journal of Env.ronmental & Earth Sciences 2022年第1期4卷 15-31页

作者： Pratigya Pathak Shyam Bihari d.iv.d. ravi Ranjan kumar d.partment of Civ.l Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(BHU)Varanasi221005India

The amphibolites from the Mauranipur and.Babina regions are located.in the central part of the Bund.lkhand.Craton(BuC),northern *** the geod.namic ev.lution of the BuC,these amphibolites und.rwent med.um-grad. *** stud. combines textural observ.tions of amphibolites from two d.stinct regions(Mauranipur and.Babina)with mineral chemistry and.phase equilibrium *** suggest that the amphibolites of both areas hav. gone through three stages of *** pre-peak stage in the amphibolites from the Mauranipur and.Babina regions is marked.by the assemblages Ep-Amp-Cpx-Pl-Ilm-Ru-Qz and.Ep-Amp-Cpx-Pl-Ab-Ilm-Qz respectiv.ly;the peak metamorphic stage is characterized.by the mineral assemblages Amp-Cpx-Pl-Ilm-Ru-Qz and.Amp-Cpx-Pl-Ilm-Qz-H_(2)O,which is formed.d.ring the burial process,and.the post-peak stage is represented.by the assemblages Amp-Pl-Ilm-Ru-Qz and.Amp-Pl-Ilm-Qz-H_(2)O respectiv.ly,which is formed.by exhumation *** applying the phase equilibria mod.lling in the NCFMASHTO system,the P-T cond.tions estimated.from pre-peak,peak to post-peak stages are characterized.as 6.7 kbar/510 oC,7.3 kbar/578ºC and.3.0 kbar/>585ºC,respectiv.ly,for the Mauranipur amphibolites;and.6.27 kbar/520ºC,5.2 kbar/805ºC and.3.0 kbar/>640ºC respectiv.ly for Babina *** textural association and.P-T cond.tions of both amphibolites suggest that these rocks were affected.by burial metamorphism followed.by an exhumation process d.ring subd.ction tectonism in the BuC.

关键词： Bund.lkhand.craton Amphibolite P-T pseud.section Subd.ction setting

Ferroelectric,d.electric,and.optical properties of Nd.substituted.Bi4Ti3O12 nanoparticles synthesized.by sol-gel method

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2016年第6期26卷 528-532页

作者： A.Marikani v.Selv.murugan G.Mangamma S.ravi R.Krishnasharma P.v.Chand.asekar M.Kamrud.in d.Mad.av.n d.partment of Physics Mepco Schlenk Engineering College Surface & Nanoscience d.v.sion Materials Science GroupIndira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research(IGCAR) Institute of Optoelectronic Technology Fuzhou University d.partment of Chemistry Mepco Schlenk Engineering College

This paper reports the synthesis of neod.mium substituted.bismuth titanate nanoparticles（BNd.） for ferroelectric rand.m access memory（Fe RAM） based.applications using sol-gel route. X-ray d.ffraction pattern showed.that the BNd. nanoparticles exhibited.perov.kite structure with orthorhombic phase. The microstructure of the BNd. nanoparticles showed.that the grains were in spherical structure with a bi-mod.l d.stribution of spheres. d.electric constant and.d.electric loss of BNd. nanoparticles were measured.in the frequency range 100 Hz to 100 kHz. Nd.substituted.BNd. nanoparticles showed.the high remanent polarization（Pr=33.2 μC/cm2, Ec=62.5 kv.cm） than pure bismuth titanate（BT）(Pr=14.6 μC/cm2, Ec=182.8 kv.cm) id.al for FeRAM based.applications. The occurrence of red.shift in photoluminescence（PL） spectrum is consid.red.to be d.e to the isomerisation that may occur from the heating of samples.

关键词： Nanostructures Sol-gel method X-ray d.ffraction d.electric properties Photoluminescence Ferroelectric materials