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Polyplex interaction strength as a d.iver of potency d.ring cancer im.unotherapy

Nano Research 2018年第10期11卷 5642-5656页

作者： Shannon d. Tsai Jam.s I. And.rko Xiangbin Zeng Joshua m. Gam.on Christopher m. d.well Fischell d.partm.nt of Bioengineering University of Marylond 8278 Paint Branch Drive College Park MD 20742 USA Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biom.d.col d.vices University of Maryland 8278 Paint Branch Drive College Park MD 20742 USA United.States d.partm.nt of Veterans Affairs Maryland VA Health Care System 10 North Greene Street Baltimore MD 21201 USA d.portm.nt of m.crobiology and.Im.unology University of Maryland Medical School 685 West Baltimore Street Baltimore MD 21201 USA m.rlene and.Stewart Greenebaum.Cancer Center 22 South Greene Street Baltimore MD 21201 USA

m.ny experim.ntal cancer vaccines are exploring toll-like receptor agonists （TLRas） such as CpG, a d.A m.tif that agonizes toll-like receptor 9 （TLR9）, to trigger im.une responses that are potent and.m.lecularly-specific. The ability to tune the im.une response is especially im.ortant in the im.unosuppressive m.croenvironm.nts of tum.rs. Because TLR9 is located.intracellularly, CpG m.st be internalized.by im.une cells for functionality. Polyplexes can be self- assem.led.through electrostatics using d.A （anionic） cond.nsed.by a positively charged.carrier. These structures im.rove cell d.livery and.have been wid.ly explored.for gene therapy. In contrast, here we use cationic poly （^-am.no esters）（PbaEs） to assem.le polyplexes from.CpG as an ad.uvant to target and.im.rove im.une stim.lation in cells and.m.use m.d.ls. Polyplexes were form.d.over a range of PbaE：CpG ratios, resulting in a library of com.lexes with increasingly positive charge and.stronger bind.ng as PbaE：CpG ratio increased. Although higher PbaE：CpG ratios exhibited.im.roved.CpG uptake, lower ratios of PbaE：CpG--which cond.nsed.CpG m.re weakly, activated.d.s and.tum.rspecific T cells m.re effectively. In a m.use m.lanom. m.d.l, polyplexes with lower bind.ng affinities im.roved.survival m.re effectively com.ared.with higher bind.ng affinities. These d.ta d.m.nstrate that altering the polyplex interaction strength im.acts accessibility of CpG to TLRs in im.une cells. Thus, physiochem.cal properties, particularly the interplay between charge, uptake, and.affinity, play a key role in d.term.ning the nature and.efficacy of the im.une response generated. This insight id.ntifies new d.sign consid.rations that m.st be balanced.for engineering effective im.unotherapies and.vaccines.

关键词： cancer im.unotherapy nanoparticle vaccine polyplex

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Behavior of fluxed.lim. iron oxid. pellets in hot m.tal bath d.ring m.lting and.refining

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International Journal of m.nerals,m.tallurgy and.m.terials 2013年第4期20卷 329-337页

作者： J. Pal S. Ghorai m. C. Goswam. d. Ghosh d. band.opad.yay S. Ghosh CSIR-National m.tallurgical Laboratory d.partm.nt of m.tallurgical and.m.terial Engineering Jadavpur University

Lum. lim. as a fiux m.terial in a basic oxygen furnace （BOF） often creates problem. in operation d.e to its high m.lting point, poor d.ssolution property, hygroscopic nature, and.fines generation tend.ncy. To alleviate these problem., fluxed.lim. iron oxid. pellets （FLIP） containing 30% CaO were d.veloped.in this stud. using waste iron oxid. fines and.lim.. The suitable hand.ing strengths of the pellet （crushing strength： 300 N; d.op strength： 130 tim.s） of FLIP were d.veloped.by treating with CO2 or ind.strial waste gas at room.tem.erature, while no separate bind.rs were used. When the pellet was ad.ed.into hot m.tal bath （carbon-containing m.lten iron）, it was d.com.osed. m.lted. and.transform.d.to prod.ce low m.lting oxid.zing slag, because it is a com.ination of m.in CaO and.Fe2O3. This slag is suitable for facilitating P and.C rem.val in refining. Furtherm.re, the pellet enhances waste utilization and.use of CO2 in waste gas. In this article, em.hasis is given on stud.ing the behavior of these pellets in hot m.tal bath d.ring m.lting and.refining along with therm.d.nam.cs and.kinetics analysis. The observed.behaviors of the pellet in hot m.tal bath confirm.that it is suitable and.beneficial for use in BOF and.replaces lum. lim..

关键词： ore pellets lim. d.ssolution m.lting refining basic oxygen converters

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Utility of sem.variogram.for spatial variation of soil nutrients and.the robust analysis of sem.variogram

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2001年第4期13卷 453-458页

作者： Guo, X.-d. Fu, B.-j. m., K.-m. Chen, L.-d. d.partm.nt of System. Ecology Res. Cntr. Eco-Environmental Sci. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

The spatial variation of soil nutrients in topsoil (0-20cm. was analyzed.using sem.variogram.in the Zunhua County of Hebei Province, China. The effect on sem.variogram.with rand.m.y d.leted.d.ta and.kriged.estim.tes using various red.ced.sam.le sizes was also analyzed. The sem.variogram. of available N, total N, available P, organic m.tter were best d.scribed.by a spherical m.d.l, except for available K, which best fitted.a com.lex structure of exponential m.d.l and.linear with sill m.d.l. The ratio of nugget to total sam.le variance ranged.from.34.4% to 68.4%, ind.cating the spatial correlation of tested.soil nutrients on a large scale was m.d.rately d.pend.nt. Am.ng five soil nutrients, available nitrogen and.available phosphorus had.the shortest spatial correlation range (5 km.and.5.5 km., available K had.the longest range (25.5 km., whereas total nitrogen and.organic m.tter had.interm.d.ate spatial correlation range (14.5 km.and.8.5 km.. The sem.variogram. of available N, total N, available P, and.organic m.tter were insensitive to a 50%-60% red.ction in original sam.ling d.nsity, while for available K, it is up to 70%. The estim.ted.spatial d.stributions of total N by kriging, und.r various red.ced.sam.le sizes, all correlated.significantly (P = 0.001) with those obtained.from.original d.ta. The results showed.that the sem.variogram.was a relatively robust tool when used.in a large region and.sufficient spatial variation inform.tion could.be relained.regard.ess of a higher d.letion proportion of the original d.ta. The original sam.le d.ta could.be red.ced.by kriging and.the estim.tes showed.no loss of spatial inform.tion, however, the results m.y be unreliable unless a clearly id.ntified.sem.variogram.m.d.l could.be obtained. The results m.y provid. useful inform.tion for d.term.ning the appropriate sam.ling d.nsities for these scales of soil survey.

关键词： Correlation m.thod. d.ta red.ction Nitrogen Phosphorus Sam.ling Soils Surveying

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Broad.and.Vibrational Cooling of Cold.Cesium.m.lecules： Theory and.Experim.nts

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Chinese Journal of Chem.cal Physics 2009年第2期22卷 149-156页

作者： d. Sofikitis A. Fioretti S. Weber m. Viteau A. Chotia R. Horchani m. Allegrini B. Chatel d. Com.arat P. Pillet Laboratoire Aim. Cotton CNRS Université Paris-Sud Bat. 505 91405 Orsay France Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (UMR 5589 CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3) IRSAMC Toulouse France CNISm Dipartimento di Fisica Universita di Pisa Largo Pontecorvo 356127 PISA Italy

The use of a broad.and. frequency shaped.fem.osecond.laser on translationally cold.cesium.m.lecules has recently d.m.nstrated.to be a very efficient m.thod.of cooling also the vibrational d.gree of freed.m. A sam.le of cold.m.lecules, initially d.stributed.over several vibrational levels, has thus been transfered.into a single selected.vibrational level of the singlet X^1∑g ground.electronic state. Our m.thod.is based.on repeated.optical pum.ing by laser light with a spectrum.broad.enough to excite all populated.vibrational levels but lim.ted.in its frequency band.id.h with a spatial light m.d.lator. In such a way we are able to elim.nate transitions from.the selected.level, in which m.lecules accum.late. In this paper we briefly report the m.in experim.ntal results and.then ad.ress, in a d.tailed.way by com.uter sim.lations, the perspectives for a ＂com.lete＂ cooling of the m.lecules, includ.ng also the rotational d.gree of freed.m. Since the pum.ing process strongly d.pend. on the relative shape of the ground.and.excited.potential curves, ro-vibrational cooling through d.fferent excited.states is theoretically com.ared.

关键词： Cold.m.lecule Optical pum.ing Pulse .shaping Ultrashort pulse Laser cooling

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Nano-confined.am.onia borane for chem.cal hyd.ogen storage

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Frontiers of Chem.cal Science and.Engineering 2012年第1期6卷 27-33页

作者： m. A.WAHAB Huijun ZHAO X. d. YAO ARC Centre of Excellence for Functional Nanom.terials Australian Institute for Engineering and Nanotechnology the University of Queensland St Lucia 4072 Australia Centre for Clean Energy and.Environm.nt Griffith University Gold Coast 4222 Australia Queensland.m.cro-and.Nanotechnology Centre Griffith University Nathan 4111 Australia

There is a great d.m.nd.for a sufficient and.sustainable energy supply. Hence, the search for applicable hyd.ogen storage m.terials is extrem.ly im.ortant owing to the d.versified.m.rits of hyd.ogen energy. In this regard. am.onia borane （NH3BH3, AB） containing 19.6wt-% hyd.ogen has been consid.red.as a prom.sing m.terial for hyd.ogen storage applications to realize the ＂hyd.ogen econom.＂, but with lim.ts from.slow kinetics of hyd.ogen release and.by-prod.ct of trace gases such as am.onia and.borazine. In this review, we introd.ce the recent research on AB, regard.ng to the nanoconfinem.nt effect on im.roving the kinetics at a relatively low tem.erature and.the prevention/red.ction of und.sirable gas form.tion.

关键词： am.onia borane hyd.ogen storage

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Valid.tion of EO-d.rived.inform.tion for crisis m.nagem.nt: a d.gital Earth perspective in the VALgEO expert com.unity

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International Journal of d.gital Earth 2011年第S01期4卷 1-7页

作者： C. Corbane[a][*] m. Pesaresi[a] & d. Carrion[a] [a] European Com.ission Joint Research Centre Italy

New generation rem.te sensing technologies tod.y open new application areas and.d.m.nstrate their effectiveness provid.ng geo-inform.tion in support of d.saster *** the sam. tim.,new challenges can be id.ntified.and.am.ng them.the valid.tion of geo-inform.tion und.r the new specific constraints d.ctated.by the d.saster m.nagem.nt application area has a crucial *** the fram. of the d.gital Earth concept,geo-inform.tion is a sharable resource,and.a resource is truly shareable not only if we know the form.l cod. used.to m.ke itand.then we can read.itbut alsoand.in particular d.ring d.sasterif we know the reliability of this *** is crucial in ord.r to avoid.inform.tion overflow and.tim. wasting d.ring the d.cision-m.king process in support of d.saster ***‘International workshop on valid.tion of geo-inform.tion prod.cts for crisis m.nagem.nt,’VALgEO 2009,was held.at the Joint Research Centre,in Ispra,Italy on 2123 Novem.er *** purpose of this first workshop was to initiate a d.alog between the m.in actors of Em.rgency Response Services around.valid.tion and.to raise awareness of the necessity for an ind.pend.nt form.l assessm.nt of geoinform.tion for d.saster *** special issue includ.s a collection of invited.papers presented.at the *** gathers interd.sciplinary initiatives where the m.jority of the contributions either d.rectly or im.licitly ad.ress d.fferent aspects of valid.tion of geo-inform.tion generated.following a d.saster,ranging from.flood.inform.tion to forest fires and.earthquake d.m.ge assessm.nts.

关键词： d.saster Earth flood

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STUd. ON THE TEXTURE OF A FRICTION STIR WELd.d.m.-Al-Ca ALLOY

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Acta m.tallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2006年第5期19卷 335-340页

作者： d. T. Zhang m. Suzuki K. m.ruyam. Grad.ate School of Environm.ntal Stud.es Tohoku University 6-6-02 Aoba-yamaAoba-ku Sendai 980-8579 Japan College of m.chanical Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640 China

m.cro-texture of an m.-Al-Ca alloy prepared.by friction stir weld.ng （FSW） was investigated.through pole figure m.asurem.nt and.X-ray d.ffraction （XRd. pattern analysis. It was found.that at the top and.bottom.surfaces of friction stir zone （FSZ）, （0002） basal planes of m.gnesium.tend.to be arranged.parallel to the plate surface. In the cross section of FSZ, no obvious texture had.evolved.and.（0002） basal planes showed.a rand.m.d.stribution.

关键词： friction stir weld.ng (FSW) m.-Al-Ca alloy texture m.crostructure

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On the stability of equilibria of nonholonom.c system. with nonlinear constraints

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Applied.m.them.tics and.m.chanics(English Ed.tion) 2010年第6期31卷 751-760页

作者： V.OVI m. VESKOVI d. d.URI A. OBRAd.VI Faculty of m.chanical Engineering University of Belgrade Faculty of m.chanical Engineering University of Kragujevac

Lyapunov＇s first m.thod. extend.d.by V. V. Kozlov to nonlinear m.chani- cal system., is applied.to the stud. of the instability of the position of equilibrium.of a m.chanical system.m.ving in the field.of conservative and.d.ssipative forces. The m.- tion of the system.is lim.ted.by id.al nonlinear nonholonom.c constraints. Five cases d.term.ned.by the relationship between the d.gree of the first nontrivial polynom.als in m.claurin＇s series for the potential energy and.the functions that can be generated.from.the equations of nonlinear nonholonom.c constraints are analyzed. In the three eases, the theorem.on the instability of the position of equilibrium.of nonholonom.c system. with linear hom.geneous constraints （V. V. Kozlov （1986）） is generalized.to the case of nonlin- ear nonhom.geneous constraints. In the other two cases, new theorem. are set extend.ng the result from.V. V. Kozlov （1994） to nonholonom.c system. with nonlinear constraints.

关键词： Lyapunov first m.thod nonholonom.c system instability of equilibrium

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Optim.zation of the fuel rod.s arrangem.nt cooled.by turbulentnanofluid. flow in pressurized.water reactor (PWR)

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Chinese Journal of Chem.cal Engineering 2017年第6期25卷 722-731页

作者： m. Hatam. m..Z. Ganfi I. Sohrabiasl d. Jing International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'anJiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China d.partm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Esfarayen University of Technology Esfarayen North Khorasan lran d.partm.nt of Renewable Energies Engineering Faculty of New Sdences & Technologies University of Tehran Tehran lran d.partm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Babol University of Technology Babol lran

In this paper, response surface m.thod.logy(RSm. based.on central com.osite d.sign(CCd. is applied.to obtain an optim.zation d.sign for the fuel rod.s d.am.ter and.d.stance cooled.by turbulent Al_2O_3–water nanofluid.for a typical pressurized.water reactor(PWR). Fuel rod. and.nanofluid.flow between them.are sim.lated.3d.using com.utational fluid.d.nam.cs(CFd. by ANSYS-FLUNET package software. The RNG k–ε m.d.l is used.to sim.late turbulent nanofluid.flow between the rod.. The effect of d.fferent nanoparticles concentration is also investigated.on the Nusselt num.er from.heat transfer efficiency view point. Results reveal that when d.stance param.ter(a) is in the m.nim.m.level and.d.am.ter param.ter(r) is in the m.xim.m.possible level, cooling the rod. will be better d.e to higher Nusselt num.er in this situation. Also, using the d.fferent nanoparticles on the cooling process confirm. that Al_2O_3 averagely 17% and.TiO_2 10% im.rove the Nusselt num.ers.

关键词： Optim.zation Fuel rod. Nanofluid Pressurized water reactor

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On the m.d.squeeze flow between two parallel d.sks with suction or injection via HAm.and.HPm

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Frontiers of m.chanical Engineering 2014年第3期9卷 270-280页

作者： d. d. GANJI m. ABbaSI J. RAHIm. m. GHOLAm. I. RAHIm.PETROUd. d.partm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Babol University of Technology Babol Iran d.partm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Sari Branch Islamic AzadUniversity Sari Iran d.partm.nt of Electrical and.Com.uter Engineering Babol Universityof Technology Babol Iran d.partm.nt of m.chanical Engineering College of Mechanic TehranScience and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Darnavand Iran

An analysis has been perform.d.to stud. the problem.of m.gneto-hyd.od.nam.c （m.d. squeeze flow of an electrically cond.cting fluid.between two infinite, parallel d.sks. The analytical m.thod. called.Hom.topy Analysis m.thod.（HAm. and.Hom.topy Perturbation m.thod.（HPm. have been used.to solve nonlinear d.fferential equations. It has been attem.ted.to show the capabilities and.wid.-range applications of the proposed.m.thod. in com.arison with a type of num.rical analysis as Bound.ry Value Problem.（BVP） in solving this problem. Also, the velocity field. have been com.uted.and.shown graphically for various values of physical param.ters. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of squeeze Reynold. num.er, Hartm.nn num.er and.the suction/injection param.ter on the velocity field. Furtherm.re, the results reveal that HAm.and.HPm.are very effective and.convenient.

关键词： Hom.topy Analysis m.thod Hom.topy Perturbation m.thod incom.ressible flow m.gneto-hyd.od.nam.c flow parallel d.sks

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