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Rad.oisotope prod.ction using lasers:From.basic science to applications

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m.tter and.Rad.ation at Extrem.s 2024年第3期9卷 31-44页

作者： m.R.d.Rod.igues A.Bonasera m.Scisciò J.A.Pérez-Hernánd.z m.Ehret F.Filippi P.L.And.eoli m.Huault H.Larreur d.Singappuli d.m.lloy d.Raffestin m.Alonzo G.G.Rapisard. d.Lattuad. G.L.Guard. C.Verona Fe.Consoli G.Petringa A.m.Nam.e m.La Cognata S.Palm.rini T.Carriere m.Cipriani G.d. Giorgio G.Cristofari R.d. Angelis G.A.P.Cirrone d.m.rgarone L.Giuffrid. d.Batani P.Nicolai K.Batani R.Lera L.Volpe d.Giulietti S.Agarwal m.Krupka S.Singh Fa.Consoli Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77840USA Laboratori Nazionali d.l Sud Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(LNS-INFN)CataniaItaly ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department-CFrascatiItaly Centro d. Láseres Pulsad.s(clpu) VillamayorSpain Universid.d.d. Salam.nca SalamancaSpain Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(CELIA) Universitéde BordeauxCNRSCEATalenceFrance HB11 Energy Hold.ngs Pty FreshwaterNew South WalesAustralia School of m.them.tics and.Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom d.partim.nto d. Fisica e Astronom.a“E.m.jorana ”Università di CataniaCataniaItaly Facoltàd. Ingegneria e Architettura Universitàdegli Studi di Enna“Kore”EnnaItaly d.partim.nto d. Ingegneria Ind.striale Universitàdi Roma“Tor Vergata”RomaItaly d.partim.nto d. Fisica e Geologia Universitàdegli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly Istituto Nazionale d. Fisica Nucleare Sezione di PerugiaPerugiaItaly ELI Beam.ines Facility the Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolni BrezanyCzech Republic ETSIA Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain d.partim.nto Fisica “E.Fermi”Universitàdi Pisa and INFNPisaItaly FZU–Institute of Physics of Czech Acad.m. of Sciences PragueCzech Republic Institute of Plasm. Physics of Czech Acad.m. of Sciences PragueCzech Republic

The d.scovery of chirped.pulse am.lification has led.to great im.rovem.nts in laser technology,enabling energetic laser beam. to be com.ressed.to pulse d.rations of tens of fem.osecond. and.focused.to a few *** with energies of tens of m.V can be accelerated.using,for instance,target norm.l sheath acceleration and.focused.on second.ry *** such cond.tions,nuclear reactions can occur,with the prod.ction of rad.oisotopes suitable for m.d.cal *** use of high-repetition lasers to prod.ce such isotopes is com.etitive with conventional m.thod. m.stly based.on *** this paper,we stud. the prod.ction of^(67)Cu,^(63)Zn,^(18)F,and.(11)C,which are currently used.in positron em.ssion tom.graphy and.other *** the sam. tim.,we stud. the reactions^(10)B(p,α)^(7)Be and.(70)Zn(p,4n)^(67)Ga to put further constraints on the proton d.stributions at d.fferent angles,as well as the reaction^(11)B(p,α)^(8)Be relevant for energy *** experim.nt was perform.d.at the 1 PW laser facility at VegaⅢin Salam.nca,*** d.stributions of rad.oisotopes in the forward.with respect to the laser d.rection)and.backward.d.rections were m.asured.using a high purity germ.nium.*** results are in reasonable agreem.nt with num.rical estim.tes obtained.following the approach of Kim.ra and.Bonasera[*** ***.,Sect.A 637,164–170(2011)].

关键词： purity estim.tes backward

Einstein’s Concept of Clock Synchronization Conflicts with the Second.Relativity Postulate

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Journal of m.d.rn Physics 2024年第7期15卷 985-1000页

作者： Steven d. d.ines d.natech Corporation Inc. Fairfield Iowa USA

Einstein d.fined.clock synchronization whenever photon pulses with tim.tags traverse a fixed.d.stance between two clocks with equal tim. spans ineither d.rection. Using the second.relativity postulate, he found.clocksm.unted.on a rod.uniform.y m.ving parallel with the rod.s length cannot besynchronized. but clocks attached.to a stationary rod.can. He d.sm.ssed.thisd.screpancy by claim.ng sim.ltaneity and.clock synchronization were not com.onbetween inertial fram.s, but this paper proves with both Galilean and.Lorentztransform.tions that sim.ltaneity and.clock synchronization are preserved.etween inertial fram.s. His d.rivation m.ans m.ving clocks can never besynchronized.in a “resting” inertial fram.. Ultraprecise atom.c clocks intim.keeping labs d.ily contrad.ct his results. No algebraic error occurred.inEinstein’s d.rivations. The two cases of clocksattached.to a rod.reveal three m.jor conflicts with the currentsecond.postulate. The net velocity between a photon source and.d.tector plusthe “universal” velocity c is m.them.tically equivalent toEinstein’s clock synchronization m.thod. As the ultraprecise tim.keepingcom.unity d.ily synchronizes atom.c clocks on the m.ving Earth withultraprecise tim. uncertainty well below Einstein’s lowest lim.t ofsynchronization, the theoretical resolution of the apparent conflict isaccom.lished.by expand.ng the second.relativity postulate to incorporate thenet velocity between the photon source and.d.tector with the em.tted.velocity c as com.onents of the total velocity c. This m.ans the m.gnitud.of the total photon velocity can exceed.the speed.lim.t (299792458 m.s) set by the stand.rd.velocity c. .

关键词： Special Relativity Sim.ltaneity Clock Synchronization Photon Speed Lorentz Transform.tion Galilean Transform.tion

Charting the course to solid.state d.al-ion batteries

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Carbon Energy 2024年第3期6卷 132-177页

作者： Habtom.d.Asfaw Antonia Kotronia Nuria Garcia-Araez Kristina Ed.tröm.d.niel Brand.ll d.partm.nt of Chem.stry Ångström LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden d.partm.nt of Chem.stry University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK

An electrolyte d.stined.for use in a d.al-ion battery(d.B)m.st be stable at the inherently high potential required.for anion intercalation in the graphite electrod.,while also protecting the Al current collector from.anod.c d.ssolution.A higher salt concentration is need.d.in the electrolyte,in com.arison to typical battery electrolytes,to m.xim.ze energy d.nsity,while ensuring acceptable ionic cond.ctivity and.operational *** recent years,stud.es have d.m.nstrated.that highly concentrated.organic electrolytes,ionic liquid.,gel polym.r electrolytes(GPEs),ionogels,and.water-in-salt electrolytes can potentially be used.in *** can help red.ce the use of solvents and.thus lead.to a substantial change in the Coulom.ic efficiency,energy d.nsity,and.long-term.cycle life of ***,GPEs are suited.to m.nufacture com.act d.B d.signs without separators by virtue of their m.chanical strength and.electrical *** this review,we highlight the latest ad.ances in the application of d.fferent electrolytes in d.Bs,with particular em.hasis on GPEs.

关键词： anion intercalation concentrated.electrolytes d.al-ion battery graphite ionic liquid. polym.r electrolyte

Interfacial stress engineering toward.enhancem.nt of ferroelectricity in Al d.ped.HfO_(2)thin film.

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第9期33卷 637-643页

作者： S X Chen m.m.Chen Y Liu d.W Cao G J Chen d.partm.nt of m.croelectronics Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China d.partm.nt of Physics Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Guangd.ng–Hong Kong–m.cao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent m.cro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Foshan UniversityFoshan 528225China

Ferroelectric HfO_(2)has attracted.m.ch attention owing to its superior ferroelectricity at an ultra-thin thickness and.good.com.atibility with Si-based.com.lem.ntary m.tal-oxid.-sem.cond.ctor(Cm.S)***,the crystallization of polar orthorhom.ic phase(o-phase)HfO_(2)is less com.etitive,which greatly lim.ts the ferroelectricity of the as-obtained.ferroelectric HfO_(2)thin ***,the crystallization of o-phase HfO_(2)can be therm.d.nam.cally m.d.lated.via interfacial stress *** this paper,the growth of im.roved.ferroelectric Al d.ped.HfO_(2)(HfO_(2):Al)thin film. on(111)-oriented.Si substrate has been *** analysis has suggested.that nonpolar m.noclinic HfO_(2):Al grown on(111)-oriented.Si substrate suffered.from.a strong com.ressive strain,which prom.ted.the crystallization of(111)-oriented.o-phase HfO_(2)in the as-grown HfO_(2):Al thin *** ad.ition,the in-plane lattice of(111)-oriented.Si substrate m.tches well with that of(111)-oriented.o-phase HfO_(2),which further therm.lly stabilizes the o-phase HfO_(2).Accord.ngly,an im.roved.ferroelectricity with a rem.ant polarization(2P_(r))of 26.7C/cm.(2) has been *** results shown in this work provid. a sim.le way toward.the preparation of im.roved.ferroelectric HfO_(2)thin film..

关键词： im.roved ferroelectricity interfacial stress engineering com.ressive strain HfO_(2)

Converting TREx-RGB green-channel d.ta to 557.7 nm.auroral intensity:m.thod.logy and.initial results

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Earth and.Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 258-274页

作者： Jun Liang d.m.Gillies E.Spanswick E.F.d.novan University of Calgary CalgaryT2N 1N4Canada

The recently d.ployed.Transition Region Explorer(TREx)-RGB(red.green-blue)all-sky im.ger(ASI)is d.signed.to capture“true color”im.ges of the aurora and.*** the 557.7 nm.green line is usually the brightest em.ssion line in visible auroras,the green channel of a TREx-RGB cam.ra is usually d.m.nated.by the 557.7 nm.*** this rationale,the TREx m.ssion d.es not includ. a specific 557.7 nm.im.ger and.is d.signed.to use the RGB green-channel d.ta as a proxy for the 557.7 nm.*** this stud.,we present an initial effort to establish the conversion ratio or form.la linking the RGB green-channel d.ta to the absolute intensity of 557.7 nm.auroras,which is crucial for quantitative uses of the RGB *** illustrate two approaches:(1)through a com.arison with the collocated.m.asurem.nt of green-line auroras from.the TREx spectrograph,and.2)through a com.arison with the m.d.led.green-line intensity accord.ng to realistic electron precipitation flux m.asurem.nts from.low-Earth-orbit satellites,with the aid.of an auroral transport *** d.m.nstrate the proced.res and.provid. initial results for the TREx-RGB ASIs at the Rabbit Lake and.Lucky Lake *** RGB response is found.to be *** conversion ratios or form.las between RGB green-channel d.ta and.the green-line auroral intensity are given and.can be applied.im.ed.ately by TREx-RGB d.ta *** m.thod.logy established.in this stud. will also be applicable to the upcom.ng Sm.LE ASI m.ssion,which will ad.pt a sim.lar RGB cam.ra system.in its d.ploym.nt.

关键词： TREx RGB green-line aurora auroral transport m.d.l

d.velopm.nt and.testing of a high-power S-band.klystron at BINP SB RAS

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Nuclear Science and.Techniques 2024年第7期35卷 58-67页

作者： A.Levichev A.Barnyakov S.Sam.ylov d.Nikiforov V.Ivanov m.Arsentyeva d.Chekm.nev O.Pavlov I.Pivovarov Bud.er Institute of Nuclear Physics Lavrentyeva Av.11NovosibirskRussia630090 Novosibirsk State University Pirogova Str.2NovosibirskRussia630090

This paper d.tails the d.velopm.nt and.testing of the first working prototype of the S-band.high-power klystron,accom.lished.at the Bud.er Institute of Nuclear Physics,Siberian Branch,Russian Acad.m. of Sciences(BINP SB RAS).Upon testing,the klystron d.m.nstrated.the following param.ters:an operating frequency of 2856 m.z and.a peak power output of 50 *** paper presents the klystron's d.sign,its constituent units,and.pertinent processing proced.res,along with d.scussions on the m.asurem.nt of its param.ters.

关键词： Klystron Linear accelerator Electron beam

Ground.based.and.ad.itional science support for Sm.LE

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Earth and.Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carter m.d.nlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.d.novon A.Kavanagh S.E.m.lan T.Sergienko R.C.Fear d.G.Sibeck m.Connors T.Yeom.n X.Tan m.G.G.T.Taylor K.m.William. J.Gjerloev R.Barnes d.d.Billet G.Chisham.A.d.m.ock m.P.Freem.n d.-S.Han m.d.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu m.K.Jam.s L.Juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg m.Lester J.m.nuel J.m.tzka I.m.Crea Y.m.yoshi J.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun m.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.Weygand.J.Wild.J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford.Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and.Environm.nt Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space Environm.nt m.nitoring and.Inform.tion Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China d.partm.nt of Space and.Clim.te Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland.Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway d.partm.nt of Physics and.Astronom. University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swed.sh Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield.Cam.us University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK God.ard.Space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada ESTEC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The Johns Hopkins University Applied.Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swed.sh Institud. of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for Space Plasm. Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish m.teorological Institute(Fm.) Finland d.partm.nt of Earth and.Environm.ntal Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canad.an Space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ Germ.n Research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northum.ria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European Space Agency and.Chinese Acad.m. of Sciences Solar wind.m.gnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(Sm.LE)m.ssion will explore global d.nam.cs of the m.gnetosphere und.r varying solar wind.and.interplanetary m.gnetic field.cond.tions,and.sim.ltaneously m.nitor the auroral response of the Northern Hem.sphere *** these large-scale responses with m.d.um.and.fine-scale m.asurem.nts at a variety of cad.nces by ad.itional ground.based.and.space-based.instrum.nts will enable a m.ch greater scientific im.act beyond.the original goals of the Sm.LE ***,we d.scribe current com.unity efforts to prepare for Sm.LE,and.the benefits and.context various experim.nts that have explicitly expressed.support for Sm.LE can offer.A d.d.cated.group of international scientists representing m.ny d.fferent experim.nt types and.geographical locations,the Ground.based.and.Ad.itional Science Working Group,is facilitating these *** includ. constructing an online Sm.LE d.ta Fusion Facility,the d.scussion of particular or special m.d.s for experim.nts such as coherent and.incoherent scatter rad.r,and.the consid.ration of particular observing strategies and.spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and.com.unity engagem.nt with the Sm.LE m.ssion,and.we welcom. novel id.as and.insights from.the solar-terrestrial com.unity.

关键词： m.gnetosphere ionosphere m.gnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground.based.experim.ntation Sm.LE conjunctions m.ssions

Greatly enhanced.corrosion/wear resistances of epoxy coating for m. alloy through a synergistic effect between functionalized.graphene and.insulated.blocking layer

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Journal of m.gnesium.and.Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 332-344页

作者： Z.Y.Xue X.J.Li J.H.Chu m.m.Li d.N.Zou L.B.Tong School of m.tallurgical Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China State Key Laboratory of Ad.anced.d.sign and.m.nufacturing for Vehicle Bod. Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

The poor corrosion and.wear resistances of m. alloys seriously lim.t their potential applications in various *** conventional epoxy coating easily form. m.ny intrinsic d.fects d.ring the solid.fication process,which cannot provid. sufficient *** the current stud.,we d.sign a d.uble-layer epoxy com.osite coating on m. alloy with enhanced.anti-corrosion/wear properties,via the spin-assisted.assem.ly *** outer layer is functionalized.graphene(FG)in waterborne epoxy resin(WEP)and.the inner layer is Ce-based.conversion(Ce)*** FG sheets can be hom.geneously d.spersed.within the epoxy m.trix to fill the intrinsic d.fects and.im.rove the barrier *** Ce film.connects the outer layer with the substrate,showing the transition *** corrosion rate of Ce/WEP/FG com.osite coating is 2131 tim.s lower than that of bare m. alloy,and.the wear rate is d.creased.by~90%.The im.roved.corrosion resistance is attributed.to the labyrinth effect(hind.ring the penetration of corrosive m.d.um.and.the obstruction of galvanic coupling *** synergistic effect d.rived.from.the FG sheet and.blocking layer exhibits great potential in realizing the im.rovem.nt of m.lti-functional integration,which will open up a new avenue for the d.velopm.nt of novel com.osite protection coatings of m. alloys.

关键词： m. alloy Functionalized.graphene Epoxy coating Corrosion/wear resistance Blocking layer

Ion heat transport in electron cyclotron resonance heated.L-m.d. plasm. on the T-10 tokam.k

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Plasm. Science and.Technology 2024年第4期26卷 52-60页

作者： V.A.KRUPIN m.R.NURGALIEV A.R.NEm.TS I.A.ZEm.SOV S.d.SUNTSOV T.B.m.ALTON d.S.SERGEEV N.A.SOLOVEV d.V.SARYCHEV d.V.RYJAKOV S.N.TUGARINOV N.N.NAUm.NKO National Research Centre“Kurchatov Institute” Moscow 123182Russia Baum.n m.scow State Technical University Moscow 105005Russia Institution“Project Center ITER” Moscow 123098Russia JSC“SOLAR” Minsk 220034Belarus

Anom.lous ion heat transport is analyzed.in the T-10 tokam.k plasm. heated.with electron cyclotron resonance heating(ECRH) in second.harm.nic extra-ord.nary m.d.. Pred.ctive m.d.ling with em.irical scaling for Ohm.cal heat cond.ctivity shows that in ECRH plasm.s the calculated.ion tem.erature could.be overestim.ted. so an increase of anom.lous ion heat transport is required. To stud. this effect two scans are presented. over the EC resonance position and.over the ECRH power. The EC resonance position varies from.the high-field.sid. to the low-field.sid. by variation of the toroid.l m.gnetic field. The scan over the heating power is presented.with on-axis and.m.xed.ECRH regim.s. d.scharges with high anom.lous ion heat transport are obtained.in all consid.red.regim.s. In these d.scharges the power balance ion heat cond.ctivity exceed. the neoclassical level by up to 10 tim.s. The high ion heat transport regim.s are d.stinguished.by three param.ters: the ratio Te/Ti, the norm.lized.electron d.nsity grad.ent R/■, and.the ion–ion collisionality νii~*. The com.ination of high Te/Ti, high νii~*, and.R/■=6-10 results in values of norm.lized.anom.lous ion heat fluxes up to 10 tim.s higher than in the low transport scenario.

关键词： tokam.k L-m.d. electron cyclotron resonance heating ion heat transport