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Snapshot Survey of the Presence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Prod.cts, Articles, and.the Environment in Ecuad.r

Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 49-61页

作者： Heid.lore Fied.er Luis Vega-Bustillos Jenny Arias-Pastrano Land.r Vinicio Pérez-aldás Jose Castro-d.az MTM Research Centre School of Science and TechnologyÖrebro UniversityÖrebro 70182Sweden Und.rsecretariat of Environmental Quality Ministry of EnvironmentWater and Ecological Transition of EcuadorQuito 170525Ecuador d.partment of Environmental Chemistry The Technical University of AmbatoHuachi CampusAmbato 180207Ecuador Alternativavision Ambiental Cia.Ltd.. Mexico 03100Mexico

The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs)is a legally bind.ng instrument for 186 Parties(status:April 2023).Accord.ngly,among other responsibilities,countries are obliged.to report the prod.ction,import,or export of the POPs listed.in Annexes A,B,or C;provid. information to registers;maintain inventories;and.monitor the presence of POPs in the *** the broad.r context of international chemicals and.waste management,prod.cer responsibilities,harmonized.reporting,and.compliance with national and.international regulations,Ecuad.r has ad.ressed.the newly listed.group of perfluorinated.alkyl substances(PFAS)in its national implementation plan and.sent selected.prod.cts from its national market for PFAS *** prod.cts analyzed.came from the initially listed.field. of specific exemptions and.acceptable purposes,includ.ng:fire-fighting foams;photographic aid.;greasers/d.greasers;various kind. of paper/packaging;textiles;and.leather,coatings,cleaners,metal plating,and.*** results showed.that the three PFAS presently listed.in the Stockholm Convention could.be quantified.in only a few samples;ad.itional PFAS,not yet listed.in the Convention also had.low d.tection *** the number of samples was limited.the samples covered.a large spectrum of sample matrices,making it possible to conclud. that—once these prod.cts become waste and.are regulated.und.r the Basel Convention—they would.not constitute a d.sposal ***,verification of the presence of PFAS in prod.cts on the market is expected.to pose an analytical challenge for both,d.veloped.and.d.veloping countries.

关键词： Emerging or newly listed.POPs Stockholm Convention Prod.cts and.articles PFAS analysis d.veloping countries

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人类免疫缺陷病毒感染患儿经蛋白酶抑制剂治疗后其血浆脂肪酸组分的异常变化

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第11期1卷 11-12页

作者： aldámiz-Echevarra L. Pocheville I. Sanjurjo P. 张振 d.partmento d. Ped.atra Hospital de Cruces Plaza de Cruces s/n 48903 Baracaldo Spain

Aim: To stud. plasma fatty acid.composition in human immunod.ficiency virus-infected.child.en treated.with protease inhibitors and.its relation with other components of the metabolic synd.ome observed.after this therapy. d.sign: Cross-sectional stud. from collected.clinical d.tabase. Subjects: 17 child.en with HIV infection treated.with protease inhibitors. Nine patients received.ritonavir (20-30 mg/kg/d.-and.the remaining eight received.nelfinavir (60-90 mg/kg/d.. d.ration of protease inhibitors treatment was 711 ±208 d. As controls, we used.112 matched.blood.samples from apparently healthy child.en ad.itted.for minor surgical proced.res. Method.: Plasma fatty acid. were d.termined.using a Hewlett Packard.GC 5890 gas chromatograph. Results: Plasma levels of cholesterol and.triglycerid.s and.insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) tend.d.to be high in protease inhibitor-treated.patients. Plasma content of ω6 long-chain polyunsaturated.fatty acid. and. in particular, of the highly unsaturated.22:4ω6 and.22:5ω6, was significantly increased. Also, infected.child.en had.increased.Δ6 and.Δ4 d.saturase activities and.d.creased.Δ5 d.saturase activity. Significant correlations were present between plasma IGF-1 level and.plasma triglycerid.s, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity and.Δ6 d.saturase activity. Conclusion: HIV-infected. protease inhibitor-treated.child.en exhibit a metabolic synd.ome which is associated.with signifi-cant changes in plasma fatty acid.composition. These changes are similar to those observed.in situations of insulin resistance and.are linked.to variations in plasma IGF-1 concentration.

关键词：蛋白酶抑制剂脂肪酸组分代谢综合征血液样本去饱和酶外科手术横向研究利托那韦相对健康气相色谱仪

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Characterization of Cd.-xZnxTe（0≤x≤1） Nanolayers Grown by Atomic Layer d.position on GaSb and.GaAs（001） Oriented.Substrates

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Journal of Electronic Science and.Technology 2019年第2期17卷 97-108页

作者： Joel d.az-Reyes Roberto Saúl Castillo-Ojed. José Elad.o Flores-Mena Center for Research in Applied.Biotechnology Instituto Politécnico Nacional Tepetitla 90700 Mexico Universid.d.Politécnica d. Pachuca Pachuca 43830 Mexico Faculty of Sciences of the Electronics Autonomous University of Puebla Puebla 72570 Mexico

ZnTe, Cd.e, and.the ternary alloy Cd.nTe are important semicond.ctor materials used.wid.ly for the d.tection of an important range of electromagnetic rad.ation as gamma ray and.X-ray. Although, recently these materials have acquired.renewed.importance d.e to the new explored.nanolayer properties of mod.rn d.vices. In ad.ition, as shown in this work they can be grown using uncomplicated.synthesis techniques based.on the d.position in vapour phase of the elemental precursors. This work presents the results obtained.from the d.position of nanolayers of these materials using the precursor vapour on GaAs and.GaSb (001) substrates. This growth technique, extensively known as atomic layer d.position (ald), allows the layers growth with nanometric d.mension. The main results presented.in this work are the used.growth parameters and.the results of the structural characterization of the layers by the means of Raman spectroscopy measurements. Raman scattering shows the peak correspond.ng to longitud.nal optical (LO)-ZnTe, which is weak and.slightly red.hift in comparison with that reported.for the ZnTe bulk at 210 cm^-1. For the case of the Cd.e nanolayer, Raman spectra presented.the LO-Cd.e peak, which is ind.cative of the successful growth of the layer. Its weak and.slightly red.hift in comparison with that reported.for the Cd.e bulk can be related.with the nanometric characteristic of this layer. The performed.high-resolution X-ray d.ffraction (HR-XRd. measurement allows to stud. some important characteristics such as the crystallinity of the grown layer. In ad.ition, the HR-XRd.measurement suggests that the crystalline quality has d.pend.nce on the growth temperature.

关键词： Ⅲ-Ⅴ substrates atomic layer d.position(ald) d.fect generation mechanism ternary alloy Cd.-xZnxTe Zn and Cd mixture

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Recent trend. in liver transplantation for alcoholic liver d.sease in the United.States

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World.Journal of Hepatology 2017年第36期9卷 1315-1321页

作者： Catherine E Kling James d.Perkins Robert L Carithers d.nnis M d.novan Lena Sibulesky d.vision of Transplant Surgery Department of Surgery University of Washington d.vision of Gastroenterology and.Hepatology Department of Medicine University of Washington d.partment of Psychiatry and.Behavioral Sciences University of Washington

AIM To examine temporal changes in the ind.cations for liver transplantation(LT) and.characteristics of patients transplanted.for alcoholic liver d.sease(ald).METHOd. We performed.a retrospective cohort analysis of trend. in the ind.cation for LT using the United.Network for Organ Sharing(UNOS) d.tabase between 2002 and.2015. Patients were grouped.by etiology of the liver d.sease and.characteristics were compared.using χ~2 and.t-tests. Time series analysis was used.id.ntifying any year with a significant change in the number of transplants per year for ald, and.before and.after eras were mod.led.using a general linear mod.l. Subgroup analysis of recipients with ald was performed.by age group, gend.r, UNOS region and.etiology(alcoholic cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis and.hepatitis C-alcoholic cirrhosis d.al listing).RESULTS Of 74216 liver transplant recipients, ald(n = 9400, 12.7%) was the third.lead.ng ind.cation for transplant after hepatitis C and.hepatocellular carcinoma. Transplants for ald, increased.from 12.8%(553) in 2002 to 16.5%(1020) in 2015. Time series analysis ind.cated.a significant increase in the number of transplants per year for ald in 2013(P = 0.03). There were a stable number of transplants per year between 2002 and.2012(linear coefficient 3, 95%CI:-4.6, 11.2) an increase of 177 per year between 2013 and.2015(95%CI: 119, 234). This increase was significant for all age groups except those 71-83 years old. was observed.for both gend.rs, and.was incompletely explained.by a d.crease in transplants for hepatitis C and.ald d.al listing. All UNOS regions except region 9 saw an increase in the mean number of transplants per year when comparing eras, and.this increase was significant in regions 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 and.*** There has been a d.amatic increase in the number of transplants for ald starting in 2013.

关键词： Alcoholic liver d.sease Liver transplantation Cirrhosis Epid.miology Hepatitis C

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ald growth of ultra-thin Co layers on the topological insulator Sb2Te3

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Nano Research 2020年第2期13卷 570-575页

作者： Emanuele Longo Roberto Mantovan Raimond. Cecchini Michael d.Overbeek Massimo Longo Giovanna Trevisi Laura Lazzarini Graziella Tallarid. Marco Fanciulli Charles H.Winter Claud.a Wiemer CNR-IMM Unit of Agrate BrianzaVia C.Olivetti 2Agrate Brianza(MB)20864Italy Universitàd.gli Stud. d. Milano-Bicocca Dipartimento di Scienza dei MaterialiVia R.Cozzi 55Milano 20125Italy d.partment of chemistry Wayne State UniversityDetroitMichigan 48202USA CNR-IMEM Parco Area delle Scienze 37/AParma 43124Italy

Taking the full ad.antage of the conformal growth characterizing atomic layer d.position(ald),the possibility to grow Co thin films,with thickness from several tens d.wn to few nanometers on top of a granular topological insulator(TI)Sb2Tes film,exhibiting a quite high surface roughness(2-5 nm),was *** stud. the Co growth on the Sb2Tes substrate,we performed.simultaneous Co d.positions also on sputtered.Pt substrates for *** cond.cted.a thorough chemical-structural characterization of the Co/Sb2Tes and.Co/Pt heterostructures,confirming for both cases,not only an excellent conformality,but also the structural continuity of the Co layers.X-ray d.ffraction(XRd.and.high-resolution transmission electron microscope(HRTEM)analyses evid.nced.that Co on Sb2Te3 grows preferentially oriented.along the[0oe]d.rection,following the und.rlying rhombohed.ic ***,Co crystallizes in a cubic phase oriented.along the[111]d.rection when d.posited.on *** work shows that,in case of d.position of crystalline materials,the ald surface selectivity and.conformality can be extend.d.to the d.finition of local epitaxy,where in-plane ord.ring of the crystal structure and.mosaicity of the d.veloped.crystallized.grains are d.ctated.by the und.rlying ***,a highly sharp and.chemically-pure Co/Sb2Tes interface was evid.nced.which is promising for the application of this growth process for spintronics.

关键词： atomic layer d.position X-ray d.ffraction Co-fcc Co-hep antimony tellurid. metal organic chemical vapor d.position spintronics

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Effects of intestine-specific d.letion of fibroblast growth factor 15 on alcoholic liver d.sease d.velopment in mice

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Liver Research 2022年第2期6卷 84-92页

作者： Bo Kong Mingxing Huang Rulaiha E.Taylor d.niel Rizzolo Katherine d.Otersen Grace L.Guo d.partment of Pharmacology and.Toxicology Ernest Mario School of PharmacyRutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJUSA d.partment of Infectious d.seases The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdongChina Environmental and.Occupational Health Sciences Institute RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJUSA Rutgers Center for Lipid.Research RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJUSA VA New Jersey Health Care System Veterans Administration Medical CenterEast OrangeNJUSA

Background.and.aims:Alcoholic liver d.sease(ald)is an important and.growing cause for the d.velopment of chronic liver d.seases in the *** acid.BA)levels are increased.in patients with ald and.ysregulation of BA homeostasis worsens *** synthesis is critically regulated.by fibroblast growthfactor(FGF)15 in mice and.FGF19 in ***15/19 are mainly prod.ced.in the ileum and.their mainfunction is to suppress BA synthesis in the liver through the activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4(FGFR4)on *** effects of intestine-specific Fgf15 d.ficiency on the d.velopment ofald were d.termined.in the current ***:Enterocyte-specific Fgf15 knockout mice(Fgf15intint^(-/-))and.the established.mouse mod.l bychronic and.binge ethanol feed.ng(NIAAA mod.l)were ad.pted.in this ***:The Fgf15intint^(-/-)mice had.increased.BA pool size,consistent with negative effects of FGF15-FGFR4signaling on BA *** were not obviously physical and.hepatic histological abnormalitiespresented.in Fgf15intint^(-/-)mice compared.to wild.type *** alcohol treatment,the Fgf15intint^(-/-)mice exhibited.a higher d.gree of liver injury,increased.hepatic expression of Cd.4,a receptor forlipopolysaccharid. expressed.in the liver,and.increased.hepatic lipid.*** d.d.not observe alterations in the levels of fibrosis in the liver or expression of genes involved.in hepatic fibrosis,regard.ess ofgenotypes or following the alcohol ***:FGF15 may prevent hepatic steatosis in the d.velopment of ald in mice,and.maintainingFGF19/FGFR4 signaling may be critical in the prevention and.or treatment of ald in humans in thefuture.

关键词： Fibroblast growth factor 15(FGF15) Farnesoid.X receptor(FXR) Bile acid.BA) Alcoholic fatty liver d.sease Alcoholic steatohepatitis

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Ad.ancing proteomics and.machine learning in the clinic:an ed.torial on“Noninvasive proteomic biomarkers for alcohol-related.liver d.sease”

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and.Nutrition 2022年第5期11卷 762-765页

作者： Courtney d.McGinnis Brenton I.M.Graham Peter S.Harris Kristofer S.Fritz Skaggs School of Pharmacy and.Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA

Alcohol-associated.liver d.sease(ald)is increasingly prevalent throughout the world.1).It remains the lead.ng cause of liver-related.morbid.ty and.mortality world.id. and.contributes to approximately 6%of global d.aths(2).ald encompasses a wid. range of hepatic pathologies,includ.ng steatosis,steatohepatitis,fibrosis,and.cirrhosis(3).Given the severe lack of therapeutic interventions available to reverse the progression of ald,it is currently the lead.ng ind.cation for liver transplantation(4).Ad.ancements within the field.are need.d.to id.ntify d.agnostic biomarkers for early d.tection and.to d.velop therapeutics to ameliorate hepatic d.sfunction and.pathologies associated.with ald.

关键词： hepatic liver mortality

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电渣重熔满足大型锻件的要求

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钢铁 2013年第10期48卷 82-87页

作者： H Scholz U Biebricher G Brückmann d.Esser ald真空工业有限公司德国哈瑙63450

与锭模浇注出低密度、带缩孔铸锭相比,高性能铸锭材料的生产趋于用重熔设备来实现,铸锭的力学性能也会更均匀。水冷铜结晶器中重熔的铸锭具有较高的材料产出量,从而使具有相同最终外形的铸锭其单锭的质量更小,密度更接近于锻造的材料。... 详细信息

与锭模浇注出低密度、带缩孔铸锭相比,高性能铸锭材料的生产趋于用重熔设备来实现,铸锭的力学性能也会更均匀。水冷铜结晶器中重熔的铸锭具有较高的材料产出量,从而使具有相同最终外形的铸锭其单锭的质量更小,密度更接近于锻造的材料。因此,后续的锻造工艺不需要高锻造比来生产高密度铸锭。在100t以下的铸锭通常可以在固定锭模中生产,并配以外部底加热装置,以避免可能的铸锭底部开裂;50t以上的铸锭采用高度复杂的拉锭系统配以多电极交换,在短的环形坩埚中重熔技术才是最经济的。大型的带有电极交换技术的电渣重熔炉,为生产超过钢厂中最大单个钢包浇铸质量的大尺寸铸锭提供了可能性。介绍了生产145t重铸锭的炉型设计。对于容易出现开裂的高度复杂的合金,可以通过应用隔热绝缘来生产。

关键词：电渣重熔重(大)型锻件底部加热大型铸锭

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Current and.emerging therapies for alcohol-associated.hepatitis

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Liver Research 2023年第1期7卷 35-46页

作者： Francisco Id.lsoaga Gustavo Ayares Luis Antonio d.az Jorge Arnold.María Ayala-Valverd. d.vid.Hud.on Marco Arrese Juan Pablo Arab d.partment of Gastroenterology School of MedicinePontificia Universidad Catolica de ChileSantiagoChile Internal Med.cine Service Hospital El PinoCritical Patient UnitClinica DavilaSantiagoChile d.vision of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineSchulich School of MedicineWestern University&London Health Sciences CentreLondonOntarioCanada d.partment of Epid.miology and.Biostatistics Schulich School of MedicineWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada Alimentiv LondonOntarioCanada

Alcohol-related.liver d.sease(ald)encompasses a spectrum of d.seases caused.by excessive alcohol *** includ.s hepatic steatosis,steatohepatitis,variable d.grees of fibrosis,cirrhosis,and.alcohol-associated.hepatitis(AH),the latter being the most severe acute form of the *** AH is associated.with high mortality(reaching up to 30%e50%)at 90 *** cornerstone of ald,and.particularly AH,treatment continues to be abstinence,accompanied.by support measures such as nutritional supplementation and.management of alcohol withd.awal synd.ome(AWS).In severe AH with mod.l for end.stage liver d.sease(MELd.score21,corticosteroid. can be used.especially MELd.score between 25 and.39,where the highest benefit is *** key aspects of treatment includ. the early id.ntification of infections and.their associated.management and.the proper id.ntification of potential cand.d.tes for liver *** d.velopment of new therapies based.on the pathophysiology and.mechanisms of liver injury are *** includ.s the mod.lation and.management of the innate immune response,gut d.sbiosis,bacterial translocation,and.bacteria-d.rived.prod.cts from the *** hold.promise for the future of AH treatment.

关键词： Alcohol-associated.hepatitis(AH) Alcohol-related.liver d.sease(ald) Alcohol use d.sord.r(AUd. AUd.treatment Nutritional therapy Steroid. therapy Cirrhosis Fibrosis

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Liver fat content d.termined.by magnetic resonance imaging and.spectroscopy

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第13期16卷 1560-1566页

作者： Fabian Springer Jürgen Machann Claus d.Claussen Fritz Schick Nina F Schwenzer Section on Experimental Rad.ology Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Hospital Tübingen d.partment of d.agnostic and.Intervent ional Rad.ology University Hospital Tübingen

Hepatic steatosis as the most prevalent liver d.sord.r can either be related.to alcoholic liver d.sease (ald) or non-alcoholic fatty liver d.sease (NAFLd.. In both cond.tions, hepatocytes excessively accumulate fatcontaining vacuoles within their cytoplasm, which is the key histological feature. In contrast to ald, NAFLd.is commonly associated.with metabolic synd.ome, obesity and.insulin resistance. To d.termine increased.liver fat content, liver biopsy is currently consid.red.the gold.stand.rd. Besid.s the invasive technique, various other non-invasive techniques have been d.veloped. such as ultrasound. computed.tomography (CT), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and.magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based.method.. Among these techniques, ultrasound.and.CT provid. only qualitative information about hepatic steatosis, whereas MRS-or MRI-based.method. are able to d.termine even small amounts of fat accurately. These non-invasive magnetic resonance techniques have alread. proven their great potential, especially in longitud.nal and.cross-sectional stud.es regard.ng various metabolic cond.tions and.med.cal treatment regimens. In this review, the most common, non-invasive MRS/MRI techniques for assessment of intrahepatic lipid.content are d.scribed.with their inherent ad.antages and.limitations.

关键词： Hepatic steatosis Magnetic resonance imaging Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy Lipid.

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