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Substrate use and postural behavior in free-ranging snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus bieti)in Yunnan

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第4期8卷 335-345页

作者： cyril c.grueter Dayong LI Baoping REN Ming LI School of Anatomy Physiology and Human BiologyUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyAustralia college of Life Sciences China West Normal UniversityNanchongSichuanChina Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Extant colobines represent a predominantly arboreal primate radiation,but there are outliers such as some species of snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus spp.)that utilize both arboreal and terrestrial *** quantified the degree of terrestriality and the distribution of individuals across canopy levels,the extrinsic and intrinsic determinants and constraints of strata association as well as use of postures in relation to behavior and food sources in a wild population of Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus bieti)in the Samage Forest,*** subjects spent 80.5%of the observation time in the trees and 19.5%on the *** use occurred most frequently in the context of travelling(61%)and less often in the context of feeding and resting(30%combined).Adult males frequented the ground significantly more often than other age-sex ***-sex differences were also apparent in substrate preferences,which likely reflect body weight *** males were significantly more associated with solid substrates and less with terminal branches than adult females and *** were seen more often on unstable ground(*** thin and oblique branches)and in the upper *** use also varied with behavior:feeding was much more common in the upper stratum,outer canopy,on highly inclined and thin branches,as compared to *** weather also influenced canopy use in that tree crowns were used less often during periods of *** most frequently exhibited resting and feeding postures was *** and suspensory postures were most often used in the context of feeding on lichens.

关键词： china colobine positional behavior posture terrestriality

A comparison of fecal sampling and direct feeding observations for quantifying the diet of a frugivorous primate

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current Zoology 2020年第4期66卷 333-343页

作者： Jaya K.MATTHEWS Amanda R.IDLEY Beth A.KApuN cyril c.grueter School of Human Sciences The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia UWA Africa Research&Engagement centre The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia centre for Evolutionary Biology School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWA 6009Australia centre of Excellence in Biodiversity and Natural Resource Management University of RwandaHuyeRwanda School for the Environment University of MassachusettsBostonMA 02125-3393USA

Both observational and indirect evidence are widely used to determine the diets of wild *** observations are often assumed to provide the most comprehensive reflection of diet,but many wild animals are logistically challenging to *** the regular use of observa-tional and indirect methods for inferring diet in wild animals,they have rarely been compared in detail for the same study *** 12 months this study assessed the congruence of methods in estimating the diet of a montane community of eastern chimpanzees Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii in Nyungwe National Park,Rwanda using observational scan samples and macro-scopic fecal *** assessment of the number of food species consumed each month was comparable between methods,but the estimation of the composition of items in the diet differed *** notably,the fecal samples significantly underestimated the consumption of flowers,and certain fruit species,which based on direct behavioral observations were seasonally consumed at very high ***,direct observations underestimated the consumption of leaves and pith in comparison to results present in the fecal *** results suggest that combining methods where possible is most useful for accurate monitoring of dietary trends,particularly for species that experience significant seasonal shifts in their diet.

关键词： chimpanzee comparative methods dietary analysis seasonality

Distribution of sleeping sites of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus bieti)in the Samage Forest,china

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第4期8卷 327-334页

作者： Dayong LI cyril c.grueter Baoping REN Ming LI Zhengsong PENG Fuwen WEI Key Laboratory of Southwest china Wildlife Resources conservation Ministry of EducationChina West Normal UniversityNanchongChina college of Life Sciences China West Normal UniversityNanchongChina Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Anthropological Institute and Museum University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Department of PrimatologyLeipzigGermany

Sleeping site locations are important to free-ranging primate *** are strategically selected by primates so as to optimize security,comfort and foraging *** were collected on the distribution of sleeping sites of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus bieti)between Sep 2005 and Sep 2006 at Gehuaqing in Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve,*** identified 54 sleeping sites,which were used 137 times during the study *** sleeping sites were distributed throughout the monkey group’s total home *** preferred certain sleeping sites over others:63%of the sleeping sites were used 2 or more times in 13 *** reused locations in an unpredictable long-term pattern,but avoided using the same sleeping site on consecutive *** reduce the time and energetic costs of travel,monkeys preferred sleeping near commonly used feeding *** recorded 124 feeding sites in the home range,which were used 174 times.A total of 27 sleeping sites were also feeding sites,and all remaining sleeping sites were close to feeding *** was a positive correlation between the intensity of use of sleeping sites and feeding *** present study suggests that the availability and the location of immediate sources of food is a key factor in the choice of sleeping sites.

关键词： feeding site home range Rhinopithecus bieti sleeping site

Terrestrial behavior and use of forest strata in a group of black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus bieti at Xiaochangdu,Tibet

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current Zoology 2009年第3期55卷 180-187页

作者： Zuofu XIANG Sheng HUO Wen XIAO Ruichang QUAN cyril c.grueter college of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry ＆ Technology Changsha 410004 Hunan China Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS） Kunming 650223 Yunnan China Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research Dali University Dali 671000 Yunnan China Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Science Mengla 666303 Yunnan China Anthropological Institute University of Zurich 8057 Zurich Switzerland

Food distribution and predation pressure are considered to be the main ecological factors that influence the use of forest strata （basically arboreality vs. terrestriality） in non-human primates. Here, we investigate ground use of wild, unprovisioned black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus bieti by means of the scan sampling method. The results show that the monkeys spent 15.0% of the day time on the ground; 16.6%, 12.7%, and 15.6% for adult males, adult females and juveniles, respectively. Adult males and juveniles of both sexes showed significantly higher rates of terrestrial time than adult females. Females without clinging infants spent significantly more time on the ground than expected, while females with clinging infants spent significantly less time on the ground than expected. These results suggest that the higher degree of terrestrial behavior for males and juveniles may be due to their higher agility in comparison with females. Our study showed that the monkeys fed more on lichens relative to other food items when in the trees, but more on buds/leaves, flowers, fruits/nuts, resin/bark, and herbs when on the ground. According to our investigation, the ecological significance of the species＇ terrestriality lies mainly in the utilization of terrestrial food resources [ current Zoology 55 （3）： 180 - 187, 2009].

关键词： Rhinopithecus bieti Ground use Spatial position Predation Terrestrial foraging

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中国云南塔城滇金丝猴的社会结构(英文)

兽类学报 2007年第2期27卷 120-122页

作者：刘泽华丁伟 cyril c.grueter 青海师范大学青藏高原生态研究所西宁810008 Anthropological Institute University of Zürich-Irchel

在云南塔城附近的山地森林中,我们利用摄象机记录了一群滇金丝猴通过山谷和在水源地饮水的过程。我们利用这些记录分析这群滇金丝猴的种群大小、组成成员以及个体的空间分布,并利用连续通过个体之间的时间间隔来揭示社会结构。塔城滇金... 详细信息

在云南塔城附近的山地森林中,我们利用摄象机记录了一群滇金丝猴通过山谷和在水源地饮水的过程。我们利用这些记录分析这群滇金丝猴的种群大小、组成成员以及个体的空间分布,并利用连续通过个体之间的时间间隔来揭示社会结构。塔城滇金丝猴群由366个个体组成,是目前所知最大的滇金丝猴群体。猴群内雌性个体较多。猴群可以分为26个单位,其中有19个单雄多雌单位、5个多雄多雌单位和2个全雄单位。统计结果表明单位内个体间的时间间隔显著比单位间的短。2/3以上的亚成年雄性个体和全雄单位一起活动。猴群在地面活动时全雄单位位于猴群的外围,充当前卫和后卫。塔城猴群的生命表组成结构与吾牙普亚猴群的大致一样,同样是多层社会结构,单雄多雌和全雄单位构成猴群的主体。亚成年雄性多数与全雄单位一起活动,表明雄性可能会从其出生的单雄多雌单位中迁移出来。

关键词：滇金丝猴社会结构空间分布群体移动一雄单位全雄单位多雄单位

An Observation of Franois' Langurs Using caves at Mayanghe National Nature Reserve, Guizhou, china

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Zoological Research 2006年第5期27卷 558-560页

作者： cyril c.grueter 丁伟 Anthropologisches Institut und Museum Universitt Zürich-Irchel Winterthurerstr 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland 青海师范大学青藏高原生态研究所青海西宁810008

The utilization of caves is a rather rare phenomenon in nonhuman primates, found almost exclusively in those members of the genus Trachypithecus that share a preference for forest on limestone （karst） hills in Vietnam and southern china. Here we report a new case of usage of caves as overnight sleeping shelters by Franqois＇ or black langurs （Trachypithecusfraru;oisi） at Mayanghe National Nature Reserve in Yanhe county, Guizhou Province, china. We tentatively address three possible hypotheses that may account for the use of caves in Francois＇ langurs at Mayanghe： shelter against climatic conditions, acquisition of minerals and protection from predators. utilization

关键词： Francois' langurs Guizhou Mayanghe National Nature Reserve cave utilization

Niche partitioning between sympatric rhesus macaques and Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys at Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve, china

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Zoological Research 2010年第5期31卷 516-522页

作者： cyril c grueter 黎大勇蜂顺开任宝平 Anthropological Institute and Museum University of Zurich 中国科学院动物研究所动物生态和保护生物学重点实验室北京100101 西华师范大学生命科学学院四川南充710069 白马雪山国家级自然保护区云南维西674400

Here we provide a preliminary assessment of dietary and habitat requirements of two sympatric primate taxa, a ＂simple-stomached＂ and ＂complex-stomached＂ species （Rhinopithecus bieti colobinae vs. Macaca mulatta cercopithecinae）, as a basis for illuminating how the two coexist. Of ca. 22 plant food species consumed by the macaques, at least 16 were also eaten by the snub-nosed monkeys. Both species showed a preference for fruits. While the snub-nosed monkeys did not utilize any resources associated with human communities, rhesus macaques did occasionally raid agricultural crops. The mean elevation of the snub-nosed monkey group was 3,218 m, while the mean elevation of the macaque group was 2,995 m. Macaques were also spotted on meadows whereas snub-nosed monkeys evidently avoided these. For both species, mixed deciduous broadleaf/conifer forest was the most frequently used ecotype, but whereas evergreen broadleaf forest （cyclobalanopsis community） accounted for only 3% of the location records of the snub-nosed monkeys, it accounted for 36% of the location records of the macaques. Groups of the two species usually kept a considerable spatial distance from one another （mean 2.4 km）. One close encounter and confrontation between groups of the two species resulted in the macaque group moving away. Our findings suggest that the coexistence of the two taxa is facilitated via differential macrohabitat use and spatial avoidance. Although divergent habitat-use strategies may reflect interspecific competition, they may also merely reflect different physiological or ecological requirements.

关键词： Macaca mulatta Rhinopithecus bieti Yunnan Interspecific competition Diet Habitat use

白马雪山自然保护区格花箐滇金丝猴夜宿地的季节性选择

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兽类学报 2009年第4期29卷 389-395页

作者：黎大勇任宝平 cyril c.grueter 周岐海彭正松魏辅文李保国西北大学生命科学学院西部资源生物与现代生物技术省部共建教育部重点实验室西安710069 中国科学院动物研究所动物生态与保护生物学重点实验室北京100101 西华师范大学生命科学学院南充637002 Anthropological Institute and Museum University of Zürich-Irchel 广西师范大学生命科学学院桂林541004

2005年9月至2006年9月,在白马雪山自然保护区南端的格花箐,对一群(约250只)滇金丝猴的夜宿地选择与利用情况进行调查。整个调查历时13个月,确认研究群的夜宿点54个,共记录夜宿地的利用次数137次,提示研究群在其中一些地点多次夜宿。滇... 详细信息

2005年9月至2006年9月,在白马雪山自然保护区南端的格花箐,对一群(约250只)滇金丝猴的夜宿地选择与利用情况进行调查。整个调查历时13个月,确认研究群的夜宿点54个,共记录夜宿地的利用次数137次,提示研究群在其中一些地点多次夜宿。滇金丝猴夜宿地在平均海拔分布上存在明显的季节性差异:夏季猴群夜宿地的平均海拔为3352m,为一年中夜宿地分布最高的时期;春季猴群则多选择在低海拔地区夜宿,平均海拔在一年中最低(3082m)。猴群夜宿地集中分布于3200～3400m的海拔范围,随季节变化,不同海拔梯度上的夜宿地数量和利用频次差异明显。虽然猴群夜宿地主要位于针阔混交林中,但是不同季节猴群夜宿地植被的组成明显不同。猴群明显偏好在位于南坡面和西坡面的地点过夜,在夏季和秋季尚未发现北坡向的夜宿地。研究还表明,不同季节,猴群都会不同程度地在少数几个地点多次过夜,但大多数夜宿地在一年中仅利用一次。滇金丝猴为什么会对某些地点多次利用尚需进一步研究证实。

关键词：滇金丝猴夜宿地海拔季节变化植被类型

饲养条件下川金丝猴群中主雄的移除和替换对社群行为的影响(英文)

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动物学报 2007年第4期53卷 755-762页

作者：任宝平梁冰张树义李庆芬 cyril c.grueter 动物生态与保护生物学重点实验室中国科学院动物研究所北京100080 北京师范大学生命科学学院北京100875 Anthropological Institute University of Zürich8057 ZürichSwitzerland

在上海野生动物园对一群半散养的川金丝猴进行了为期一年的行为学研究。在此期间,猴群中发生了4起家庭主雄被移除和替代事件和一个雌性群因繁殖需要引入一个成年雄猴的事件,该过程在饲养条件下首次被完整记录。观察发现,繁殖群中,在家... 详细信息

在上海野生动物园对一群半散养的川金丝猴进行了为期一年的行为学研究。在此期间,猴群中发生了4起家庭主雄被移除和替代事件和一个雌性群因繁殖需要引入一个成年雄猴的事件,该过程在饲养条件下首次被完整记录。观察发现,繁殖群中,在家庭主雄猴的健康状况良好期间,群中各雄性成员间的社会等级关系相当稳定,很少变动。主雄猴有效地控制着群体的秩序,并严格地看护着其家庭中的雌猴免受其他雄猴的侵扰,而且它也很少对其他低序位雄猴主动攻击。全雄群中则再由一个高序位雄猴控制其他低序位雄猴。疾病、衰老、前主雄猴的存在以及被饲养人员从群中移除进行治疗等都可能引起猴群社会发生很大动荡,尤其是全雄群中各雄猴的社会等级序位发生剧烈改变,甚至发生家庭主雄的替代。在本报道中,人为因素在主雄替代过程中起着主要作用。主雄替代一旦成功,新主雄会把原主雄赶入全雄群,攻击追撵其他低序位雄猴,并彻底与全雄群完全脱离。对于每一个新主雄,家庭中的雌猴对其的接纳表现出明显的选择倾向。雌性性选择可能是野生猴群中新家庭群建立一种内在基础机制,同时提示偷配发生的可能性。

关键词：川金丝猴主雄移除和替代雌性性选择人为干预