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Identifying further chemicals of emerging arctic concern based on‘in silico’screening of chemical inventories

Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 201-210页

作者： derek Muir Xianming Zhang cynthia a.de wit Katrin Vorkamp Simon Wilson Environment&Climate Change Canada Canada Centre for Inland WatersBurlingtonONCanada School of Environment Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina University of Toronto TorontoONCanada department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry(ACES) Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden department of Environmental Science Aarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program TromsøNorway

In the past 12 years several studies have screened lists of thousands of chemicals available in the industrial chemical inventories of the European Union,the USA and Canada with the goal of identifying and prioritizing chemicals which are persistent(P),bioaccumulative(B)and toxic(T).Most studies have selected chemicals based on whether their predicted P and B properties and their long-range transport potential exceed guideline thresholds for evaluation of persistent organic pollutants(POPs).A major goal of this study was to review this recent literature on computer-based or‘in silico’screening for POPs.A second goal was to review other approaches for finding previously unidentified chemicals of concern including targeted and non-target analytical approaches that might use lists of suspect chemicals developed from‘in silico’screening *** studies were reviewed along with several others which examined the screening process and its *** these studies we assembled a list of 3421 chemicals,after removing duplicates and substances already on the Stockholm Convention on *** 52%of these were halogenated,while 48%consisted of a broad range of non-halogenated *** list was then further analysed by calculating an overall“POPs score”for transport and accumulation in the Arctic for each substance using predicted partition coefficients,overall persistence,transfer efficiency,and bioaccumulation factor.A shorter list of twenty-five substances was developed based on their POPs score *** substances had not been previously analysed in environmental media but were nevertheless on current or recent chemical inventories indicating significant commercial use.

关键词： Persistent organic pollutants Persistence Bioaccumulation Long-range transport Non-target screening

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Comparisons of indoor active and passive air sampling methods for emerging and legacy halogenated flame retardants in Beijing, China offices

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Emerging Contaminants 2016年第2期2卷 80-88页

作者： Seth Newton Ulla Sellströom Stuart Harrad Gang Yu cynthia a.de wit department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry(ACES) Stockholm UniversitySE-10691 StockholmSweden Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management School of GeographyEarth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom department of Environmental Science and Engineering POPs Research CentreTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

One active and two passive air sampling configurations were deployed simultaneously in three offices in Beijing,China to test their comparability for sampling emerging and legacy halogenated flame retardants spanning a large range of octanoleair partition coefficients(KOA).Sampling in each office was carried out for three consecutive 28-day periods in the spring-summer of *** active sampler was run for 2.5 h at different times every day for 28 days to parallel the passive samplers and sample a total volume comparable to that sampled by the passive samplers(~20 m^3).At the end of each 28-day sampling period,a separate active air sample was taken by running the sampler pump continuously for about 2.5 *** comparability of measured concentrations varied between the air sampling configurations and for different *** predominant compound measured in nearly all samples was Bde-209,a compound known to have heavy use in *** emerging flame retardants were also detected including DBE-DBCH,PBT,HBB,DDC-CO,and *** little of the tetra-hexabrominated Bdes associated with the technical Penta.de product was observed.

关键词： Indoor air Passive air sampling Active air sampling Flame retardants Emerging flame retardants BFR

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Chemicals of Emerging Arctic Concern:Preface

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Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 1-3页

作者： cynthia a.de wit Jennifer Balmer derek C.G.Muir Katrin Vorkamp Simon Wilson department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry(ACES) Stockholm UniversitySE-10691StockholmSweden Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme The Fram CentreN-9296TromsøNorway department of Biology The CitadelCharlestonSCUSA Canada Centre for Inland Waters Environment and Climate Change CanadaBurlingtonONL7S 1A1Canada department of Environmental Science Arctic Research CentreAarhus UniversityFrederiksborgvej 399PO Box 358DK-4000RoskildeDenmark

*** The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(AMAP)was established as an international program for monitoring and assessing Arctic pollution in 1991,under the Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy[1].AMAP is now aWorking Group of the Arctic Council(http://***)responsible for monitoring and assessing a range of pollution-and climate change-related issues in the Arctic in order to“provide reliable and sufficient information on the status of,and threats to,the Arctic environment,and scientific advice on actions to be taken in order to support Arctic governments in their efforts to take remedial and preventive actions relating to contaminants and adverse effects of climate change”(see Ref.[2]).

关键词： Chemicals of emerging concern Arctic Persistent organic pollutants Arctic monitoring and assessment programme

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Current-use halogenated and organophosphorous flame retardants:A review of their presence in Arctic ecosystems

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Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 179-200页

作者： Katrin Vorkamp Jennifer Balmer Hayley Hung Robert J.Letcher Frank F.Riget cynthia a.de wit Aarhus University Department of Environmental ScienceArctic Research CentreRoskildeDenmark Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme TromsøNorway Air Quality Processes Research Section Environment and Climate Change CanadaTorontoCanada Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaNational Wildlife Research CentreCarleton UniversityOttawaCanada Aarhus University Department of BioscienceArctic Research CentreRoskildeDenmark Greenland Institute of Natural Resources NuukGreenland Stockholm University Department of Environmental Science and Analytical ChemistryStockholmSweden Present address:The Citadel Department of BiologyCharlestonSCUSA.

Since the ban of polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBdes)and hexabromocyclododecane(HBCDD),other flame retardants may be increasingly ***-one current-use halogenated(HFRs)and 24 organophosphorous flame retardants(PFRs)have been sought in Arctic ecosystems so *** measurements provide evidence of long-range atmospheric transport for the majority of these compounds,with much higher concentrations for PFRs than for *** HFRs,***(2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate(BEH-TEBP),2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate(EH-TBB)and hexabromobenzene(HBBz),had air concentrations comparable to those of PBdes in some *** data for seawater and ice indicate dry deposition of HFRs,while net volatilization from seawater was observed for some *** in the marine environment indicate a wide presence of HFRs in marine biota,but generally at low levels,*** lower than those of *** exist,namely 2,4,6-tribromophenyl 2,3-dibromopropyl ether(TBP-DBPE)and decabromodiphenyl ethane(DBDPE),which were found in concentrations comparable to PBdes in some *** same was the case for 2,4,6-tribromophenyl allyl ether(TBP-AE)in a study from the terrestrial *** generally had low concentrations in biota,probably due to metabolic transformation of PFR triesters,as suggested by in vitro *** PFR concentrations occurred in some individuals,generally indicating a larger variability of PFRs in biota than found for *** commercially important tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA)was only detected sporadically,and only in abiotic matrices.

关键词： Bioaccumulation Brominated flame retardants Long-range transport Organophosphate esters Persistent organic pollutants

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Sampling strategy for estimating human exposure pathways to consumer chemicals

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Emerging Contaminants 2016年第1期2卷 26-36页

作者： Eleni Papadopoulou Juan A.Padilla-Sanchez Chris D.Collins Ian T.Cousins Adrian Covaci cynthia a.de wit Pim E.G.Leonards Stefan Voorspoels Cathrine Thomsen Stuart Harrad Line S.Haug Division of Environmental Medicine Norwegian Institute of Public HealthLovisenberggata 80456 OsloNorway Soil Research Centre Department of Geography and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66DWUK department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry(ACES) Stockholm UniversitySE 10691 StockholmSweden Toxicological Center University of AntwerpUniversiteitsplein 12610 WilrijkBelgium Institute for Environmental Studies VU UniversityDe Boelelaan 10871081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands Flemish Institute for Technological Research(VITO) Boeretang 2002400 MolBelgium School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbaston B152TTUK

Human exposure to consumer chemicals has become a worldwide *** this work,a comprehensive sampling strategy is presented,to our knowledge being the first to study all relevant exposure pathways in a single cohort using multiple methods for assessment of exposure from each exposure *** selected groups of chemicals to be studied are consumer chemicals whose production and use are currently in a state of transition and are;per-and polyfluorinated alkyl substances(PFASs),traditional and“emerging”brominated flame retardants(BFRs and EBFRs),organophosphate esters(OPEs)and phthalate esters(PEs).Information about human exposure to these contaminants is needed due to existing data gaps on human exposure intakes from multiple exposure pathways and relationships between internal and external *** environment,food and biological samples were collected from 61 participants and their households in the Oslo area(Norway)on two consecutive days,during winter ***,dust,hand wipes,and duplicate diet(food and drink)samples were collected as indicators of external exposure,and blood,urine,blood spots,hair,nails and saliva as indicators of internal exposure.A food diary,food frequency questionnaire(FFQ)and indoor environment questionnaire were also *** 2000 samples were collected in total and participant views on their experiences of this campaign were collected via *** 91%of our participants were positive about future participation in a similar project,some tasks were viewed as *** the food diary and collection of duplicate food/drink portions were the tasksmost frequent reported as“hard”/“very hard”.Nevertheless,a strong positive correlation between the reported total mass of food/drinks in the food record and the total weight of the food/drinks in the collection bottles was observed,being an indication of accurate performance of the participants despite the challenges of the sampling campaign.

关键词： Biomonitoring Indoor environment Consumer products Diet Dust Non-invasive samples

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Acknowledgement

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Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 35-35页

作者： cynthia a.de wit department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry(ACES) Stockholm UniversitySE-10692 StockholmSweden

The articles in this Special Issue of Emerging Contaminants present the results of AMAP Assessment 2016:Chemicals of Emerging Arctic *** 2016 assessment is the fourth assessment conducted by the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme(AMAP)on Arctic contaminants,and updates previous assessments made in 1998,2002 and *** results of the CEAC component of the 2016 assessment are also summarized for decision-makers in the AMAP report Chemicals of Emerging Arctic Concern:Summary for Policy Makers(for further information,see ***).

关键词： Arctic knowledge summarized

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Levels and trends of poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances in the Arctic environment-An update

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Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 240-271页

作者： derek Muir Rossana Bossi Pernilla Carlsson Marlene Evans Amila.de Silva Crispin Halsall Cassandra Rauert Dorte Herzke Hayley Hung Robert Letcher Frank Riget Anna Roos Aquatic Contaminants Research Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaBurlingtonONCanada department of Environmental Science Aarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark Norwegian Institute for Water Research Fram CentreTromsøNorway Water Hydrology Ecology Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaSaskatoonSKCanada Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterUnited Kingdom Air Quality Processes Research Section Environment and Climate Change CanadaTorontoONCanada Norwegian Institute for Air Research Fram CentreTromsøNorway Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaNational Wildlife Research CentreCarleton UniversityOttawaONCanada department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityRoskildeDenmark Greenland Institute of Natural Resources NuukGreenland Swedish Museum of Natural History StockholmSweden

Poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are important environmental contaminants globally and in the early 2000s they were shown to be ubiquitous contaminants in Arctic *** reviews by Butt et *** Letcher et *** covered studies on levels and trends of PFASs in the Arctic that were available to *** purpose of this review is to focus on more recent work,generally published between 2009 and 2018,with emphasis on PFASs of emerging concern such as perfluoroalkyl carboxylates(PFCAs)and short-chain perfluoroalkyl sulfonates(PFSAs)and their *** measurements over the period 2006e2014 have shown that fluorotelomer alcohols(FTOHs)as well as perfluorobutanoic acid(PFBA)and perfluoroctanoic acid(PFOA)are the most prominent PFASs in the arctic atmosphere,all with increasing concentrations at Alert although PFOA concentrations declined at the Zeppelin Station(Svalbard).Results from ice cores show generally increasing deposition of PFCAs on the devon Ice cap in the Canadian arctic while declining fluxes were found in a glacier on *** extensive dataset exists for long-term trends of long-chain PFCAs that have been reported in Arctic biota with some datasets including archived samples from the 1970s and *** in PFCAs over time vary among the same species across the North American Arctic,East and West Greenland,and *** long term time series show a.decline from higher concentrations in the early *** there have been recent(post 2010)increasing trends of PFCAs in ringed seals in the Canadian Arctic,East Greenland polar bears and in arctic foxes in *** biological sampling is helping to determine these relatively short term *** levels of some PFCAs have been explained by continued emissions of long-chain PFCAs and/or their precursors and inflows to the Arctic Ocean,especially from the North *** the effectiveness of biological sampling for temporal trends in long-chain PFCAs an

关键词： Perfluoroalkyl substances PFASs Perfluoroalkyl carboxylates Perfluoroalkyl sulfonates Perfluorobutanoic acid Perfluorooctanoic acid Air Seawater Ice caps Biota Contaminants Long-range transport Review

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