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Impact of an oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic profiles and microbial ecology of weanling pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic ***

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 749-764页

作者： Kwangwook Kim cynthia Jinno Xunde Li David Bravo eric Cox Peng Ji Yanhong Liu Department of Animal Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los AngelesCA 90084USA School of Veterinary Medicine University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Pancosma|ADM 1180 RolleSwitzerland Nutreco exploration NutrecoThe Netherlands Department of Virology Parasitology and ImmunologyGhent University9000 GhentBelgium Department of Nutrition University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

Background Our previous study has reported that supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer enhances gut health and disease resistance of pigs infected with enterotoxigenic ***(eTeC)F18 in a manner similar to *** objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of oligosaccharide-based polymer or antibiotic on the host metabolic profiles and colon microbiota of weaned pigs experimentally infected with eTeC *** Multivariate analysis highlighted the differences in the metabolic profiles of serum and colon digesta which were predominantly found between pigs supplemented with oligosaccharide-based polymer and *** relative abundance of metabolic markers of immune responses and nutrient metabolisms,such as amino acids and carbohydrates,were significantly differentiated between the oligosaccharide-based polymer and antibiotic groups(qe>2.0).In addition,pigs in antibiotic had a reduced(Pelative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae,whereas had greater(Peae and Streptococcaceae in the colon digesta on d 11 post-inoculation(PI)compared with d 5 *** The impact of oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic and microbial profiles of pigs is not fully understood,and further exploration is ***,current research suggest that various mechanisms are involved in the enhanced disease resistance and performance in eTeC-challenged pigs by supplementing this polymer.

关键词： Carbadox Colon microbiota enterotoxigenic e.coli F18 Metabolomics Oligosaccharide-based polymer Weaned pigs

Item-Level Analysis of the Revised Occupational Therapy Fieldwork Performance evaluation Applied in Practice

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Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2024年第2期12卷 145-159页

作者： cynthia L. Sears Brad e. egan Patricia F. Tomsic Craig A. Velozo Graduate College of Health Professions Occupational Therapy Program Hawai&#8217i Pacific University Honolulu HI USA College of Science and Health Occupational Therapy Program DePaul University Chicago IL USA Department of Occupational Therapy Wingate University Wingate NC USA College of Health Professions Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Division of Occupational Therapy Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA

Competency-based assessments for healthcare professionals are critical for safe and effective client outcomes. Rehabilitation clinical skill competency assessments must be validated and revised to produce safe and skilled practitioners. The revised American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) Fieldwork Performance evaluation (FWPe) instrument measures occupational therapy student performance to determine readiness for practice. The assessment includes thirty-seven competencies that address both profession specific clinical skills and general professional behavior skills. The objective of this study was to use Rasch methods to explore the use of the revised FWPe in actual fieldwork practice and to determine the instrument’s psychometric properties when separating the item components into two distinct subdomains: General Health Professions Competences and Occupational Therapy-Specific Competencies. Internal construct validity and test reliability were analyzed using data from 149 occupational therapy students after completing their initial Level II A fieldwork clinical internship. This study examined the item difficulty hierarchy, item fit, person-fit to model, person separation index, person separation reliability coefficient, strata, ceiling and floor effect, and unidimensionality of the FWPe instrument as a whole and as two separate domains. With the exception of not meeting the criteria for unidimensionality, the full FWPe instrument and the Occupational Therapy-Specific Competencies subdomain showed acceptable item-level psychometrics for reliability and precision. While the General Health Professions Competencies subdomain showed good item-level psychometrics, it was below the criterion for reliability and only separated the sample into two strata. Results support the validity, reliability, and clinical use of the revised FWPe full instrument and the Occupational Therapy-Specific Competencies subdomain to measure entry-level clinical skill competencies in pr

关键词： Rehabilitation Competency-Based Assessments Occupational Therapy Measurement Rasch Analysis

Osgood Schlatter Disease: Study of 2 Observations in Conakry, Guinea

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 77-83页

作者： Adama Bah Laetitia cynthia Abandazegoue Andjembe Abdoulaye Barry Mamadou Lamine Diallo Moustapha Niasse Aly Badra Kamissoko Rheumatology Department Ignace Deen Hospital Conakry Conakry Guin&#233e Rheumatology Department CHU Aristide Le Dantec of Dakar Dakar S&#233n&#233gal Department of Rhumatology Sylvanus Olypio University Hospital Lom&#233 Lom&#233 Togo

Introduction: OSD is a growth osteochondrosis affecting the apophyseal cartilage of the anterior tibial tuberosity of the knee, 20 to 30% of young growing athletes suffer from this pathology, described by Osgood and Schlatter in 1903. Objective: To report 2 observations and review the literature. Observation 1: This was a 14-year-old Guinean teenager, Halpoular, living in Conakry, a right-handed footballer who presented with a painful swelling of the right knee that looked mechanical, whose father had HLA B27 positive ankylosing spondylitis. X-ray of the right knee showed fragmentation of the anterior tibial tuberosities, and ossicle with edema of the patellar tendons at stage 4 according to ehrenbord and Lagergren (1961). Thus, the disease of OSD is retained, He received 120 mg of diclofenac, 20 mg omeprazole for 1 month and the cessation of sports activity, the evolution was favorably marked by the regression of pain. Observation 2: A 16-year-old girl, initials M.L.T, Guinean, residing in Coyah (Republic of Guinea), a handball player, consulted for intense pain (VAS: 8/10) in her knees after a violent shock received when she hit the post. The physical examination found a painful, soft swelling at the anterior tibial tuberosity of the right knee, the rest of the examination was normal. The X-ray of the right knee shows fragmentation of the anterior tibial tuberosity, and ossicle with edema of the patellar tendon at stage 4 according to ehrenbord and Lagergren 1961, thus the OSD disease is retained, the treatment instituted was 120 mg of diclofenac, the cessation of sports activity which gives a good evolution (eVA at 2/10). Conclusion: OSD is a growth osteochondrosis affecting the apophyseal cartilage of the anterior tibial tuberosity of the knee in young growing athletes, resolving at rest.

关键词： Osgood Shlatter Disease Young Athlete

Trace amounts of antibiotic altered metabolomic and microbial profiles of weaned pigs infected with a pathogenic ***

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第5期13卷 1576-1590页

作者： Kwangwook Kim cynthia Jinno Peng Ji Yanhong Liu Department of Animal Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Department of Nutrition University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

Background:Our previous study has shown that supplementation of trace amounts of antibiotic exacerbated the detrimental effects of enterotoxigenic ***(eTeC)infection and delayed the recovery of pigs that may be associated with modified metabolites and metabolic ***,the objective of this study was to explore the impacts of trace levels of antibiotic(carbadox)on host metabolic profiles and colon microbiota of weaned pigs experimentally infected with eTeC ***:The multivariate analysis highlighted a distinct metabolomic profile of serum and colon digesta between trace amounts of antibiotic(TRA;0.5 mg/kg carbadox)and label-recommended dose antibiotic(ReC;50 mg/kg carbadox)on d 5 post-inoculation(PI).The relative abundance of metabolomic markers of amino acids,carbohydrates,and purine metabolism were significantly differentiated between the TRA and ReC groups(qeC group had the highest(Pelative abundance of Lactobacillaceae and tended to have increased(Pelative abundance of Lachnospiraceae in the colon digesta on d 5 *** d 11 PI,pigs in ReC had greater(Pelative abundance of Clostridiaceae compared with other groups,whereas had reduced(Pelative abundance of Prevotellaceae than pigs in control ***:Trace amounts of antibiotic resulted in differential metabolites and metabolic pathways that may be associated with its slow responses against eTeC F18 *** altered gut microbiota profiles by labelrecommended dose antibiotic may contribute to the promotion of disease resistance in weaned pigs.

关键词： Carbadox Colon microbiota enterotoxigenic escherichia coli Metabolomics Weaned pigs

Hybridization despite elaborate courtship behavior and female choice in Neotropical tree frogs

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第2期18卷 208-224页

作者： Renato C.NALI Kelly R.ZAMUDIO cynthia P.A.PRADO Programa de Pós-Graduação em ecologia Evolução e BiodiversidadeInstituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Estadual PaulistaRio ClaroSão PauloBrazil Department of ecology and evolutionary Biology Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA Department of Integrative Biology University of TexasAustinTexasUSA Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e VeterináriasUniversidade Estadual Paulista“Júlio de Mesquita Filho”JaboticabalSão PauloBrazil

The mechanisms of hybridization can be elucidated by analyzing genotypes as well as phenotypes that could act as premating barriers,as the reproductive interactions among heterospeciﬁcs can alter the evolutionary history of *** frogs,hybrids typically occur among species that reproduce explosively(in dense aggregations)with few opportunities for mate selection but are rare in species with elaborate courtship behaviors that may prevent erroneous *** 21 microsatellite markers,we examined hybridization in the prolonged-breeding tree frogs Bokermannohyla ibitiguara and *** sampled within a contact zone in the Brazilian savanna(72 tadpoles;74 adults).We also compared acoustic and morphological *** conﬁrmed both parental species genetically;STRUCTURe results conﬁrmed 14 hybrids,11 of which were second-generation according to NeWHYBRIDS,all with intermediate values of genetic dissimilarities compared to the *** and acoustic analyses revealed that hybrids showed variable but not necessarily intermediate ***,2 hybrids exhibited call types different from *** reproduction of *** involves territorial and aggressive males,elaborate courtships with acoustic and tactile stimuli,choosy females,and opportunistic *** study uncovers a rare case of viable hybridization among closely related frogs with such a combination of complex courtship behaviors and mate *** discuss the likely directionality and mechanisms behind this phenomenon,and highlight the importance of investigating hybridization even in species that show elaborate reproduction and female choice to advance our understanding of animal diversiﬁcation.

关键词： heterospeciﬁc mating hybrid zone Hylidae microsatellites prolonged-breeding

Supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer enhanced growth and disease resistance of weaned pigs by modulating intestinal integrity and systemic immunity

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第3期13卷 802-815页

作者： Kwangwook Kim Yijie He cynthia Jinno Lauren Kovanda Xunde Li David Bravo eric Cox Yanhong Liu Department of Animal Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA School of Veterinary Medicine University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Pancosma ADM 1180 RolleSwitzerland Department of Virology Parasitology and ImmunologyGhent University9000 GhentBelgium

Background:There is a great demand for antibiotic alternatives to maintain animal health and *** objective of this experiment was to determine the efficacy of dietary supplementation of a blood group A6 type 1antigen oligosaccharides-based polymer(Coligo)on growth performance,diarrhea severity,intestinal health,and systemic immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic escherichia coli(eTeC),when compared with ***:Pigs in antibiotic carbadox or Coligo treatment groups had greater(Peight on d 5 or d 11post-inoculation(PI)than pigs in the control group,*** of antibiotics or Coligo enhanced(Peed efficiency from d 0 to 5 PI and reduced(Pequency of diarrhea throughout the experiment,compared with pigs in the control *** of antibiotics reduced(Pecalβ-hemolytic coliforms on d 2,5,and 8 *** in antibiotics or Coligo groups had reduced(Peutrophil counts and serum haptoglobin concentration compared to pigs in the control group on d 2 and 5 *** in Coligo had reduced(Pesenteric lymph nodes on d 5 and 11 PI,whereas pigs in antibiotics or Coligo groups had reduced(Peen on d 11 PI compared with pigs in the control *** d 5 PI,pigs in the Coligo group had greater(Pene expression of ZO1 in jejunal mucosa,but less(Pexpression of IL1B,IL6,and TNF in ileal mucosa,in comparison with pigs in the control *** of antibiotics enhanced(Pe gene expression of OCLN in jejunal mucosa but decreased(Pene expression in ileal mucosa,compared with the *** d 11 PI,supplementation of antibiotics or Coligo up-regulated(Pene expression of CLDN1 in jejunal mucosa,but Coligo reduced(Pene expression in ileal mucosa compared to pigs in the control ***:Supplementation of Coligo improved growth performance,al

关键词： enterotoxigenic e.coli Growth rate Intestinal barrier function Oligosaccharide-based polymer Systemic immunity Weaned pigs

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: biology, diagnosis, and treatment

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2013年第6期32卷 312-324页

作者： cynthia Ro Wanxing Chai Victoria e.Yu Run Yu Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA 90048 USA

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNeTs), a group of endocrine tumors arising in the pancreas, are among the most common neuroendocrine tumors. The genetic causes of familial and sporadic PNeTs are somewhat understood, but their molecular pathogenesis remains unknown. Most PNeTs are indolent but have malignant potential. The biological behavior of an individual PNeT is unpredictable; higher tumor grade, lymph node and liver metastasis, and larger tumor size generally indicate a less favorable prognosis. endocrine testing, imaging, and histological evidence are necessary to accurately diagnose PNeTs. A 4-pronged aggressive treatment approach consisting of surgery, locoregional therapy, systemic therapy, and complication control has become popular in academic centers around the world. The optimal application of the multiple systemic therapeutic modalities is under development; efficacy, safety, availability, and cost should be considered when treating a specific patient. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of specific types of PNeTs and familial PNeT syndromes, including the novel Mahvash disease, are summarized.

关键词：肿瘤生物学神经内分泌全身治疗胰腺诊断生物学行为发病机制学术中心

Quantitative Variation in Water-Use efficiency across Water Regimes and Its Relationship with Circadian, Vegetative, Reproductive, and Leaf Gas-exchange Traits

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Molecular Plant 2012年第3期5卷 653-668页

作者： Christine e. edwards Brent e. ewers C. Robertson McClung Ping Lou cynthia Weinig Department of Botany University of Wyoming Laramie WY 82071 USA Present address： USACe eRDC Environmental Laboratory 3909 Halls Ferry Road Vicksburg MS 39180 USA Program in ecology University of Wyoming Laramie WY 82071 USA Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA

Drought limits light harvesting, resulting in lower plant growth and reproduction. One trait important for plant drought response is water-use efficiency （WUe）. We investigated （1） how the joint genetic architecture of WUe, reproductive characters, and vegetative traits changed across drought and well-watered conditions, （2） whether traits with distinct developmental bases （e.g. leaf gas exchange versus reproduction） differed in the environmental sensitivity of their genetic architecture, and （3） whether quantitative variation in circadian period was related to drought response in Brassica rapa. Overall, WUe increased in drought, primarily because stomatal conductance, and thus water loss, declined more than carbon fixation. Genotypes with the highest WUe in drought expressed the lowest WUe in well-watered conditions, and had the largest vegetative and floral organs in both treatments. Thus, large changes in WUe enabled some genotypes to approach vegetative and reproductive trait optima across environments. The genetic architecture differed for gas-exchange and vegetative traits across drought and well-watered conditions, but not for floral traits. Correlations between circadian and leaf gas-exchange traits were significant but did not vary across treatments, indicating that circadian period affects physiological function regardless of water availability. These results suggest that WUe is important for drought tolerance in Brassica rapa and that artificial selection for increased WUe in drought will not result in maladaptive expression of other traits that are correlated with WUe.

关键词： Brassica rapa drought ecophysiology floral traits G matrix leaf gas-exchange traits water-use efficiency vegetative traits

Using RGB displays to portray colorrealistic imagery to animal eyes

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Current Zoology 2017年第1期63卷 27-34页

作者： cynthia TeDORe Sonke JOHNSeN Department of Biology Lund University Solvegatan 35 Lund 223 62 Sweden Department of Biology DukeUniversity Durham 125 Science Drive NC 27708 USA

RGB displays effectively simulate millions of colors in the eyes of humans by modulating the rela-tive amount of light emitted by 3 differently colored juxtaposed lights （red, green, and blue）. Therelationship between the ratio of red, green, and blue light and the perceptual experience of thatlight has been well defined by psychophysical experiments in humans, but is unknown in *** perceptual experience of an animal looking at an RGB display of imagery designed for humansis likely to poorly represent an animal＇s experience of the same stimulus in the real world. This isdue, in part, to the fact that many animals have different numbers of photoreceptor classes thanhumans do and that their photoreceptor classes have peak sensitivities centered over differentparts of the ultraviolet and visible spectrum. However, it is sometimes possible to generate videosthat accurately mimic natural stimuli in the eyes of another animal, even if that animal＇s sensitivityextends into the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum. How independently each RGB phosphor stimu-lates each of an animal＇s photoreceptor classes determines the range of colors that can be simu-lated for that animal. What is required to determine optimal color rendering for another animal is adevice capable of measuring absolute or relative quanta of light across the portion of the spectrumvisible to the animal （i.e., a spectrometer）, and data on the spectral sensitivities of the animal＇sphotoreceptor classes. In this article, we outline how to use such equipment and information togenerate video stimuli that mimic, as closely as possible, an animal＇s color perceptual experienceof real-world objects.

关键词： color vision, computer animation, perception, video playback, virtual reality.