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A test of genetic association among male nuptial coloration, female mating preference, and male aggression bias within a polymorphic population of cichlid fish

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Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 221-229页

作者： Inke van der SLUIJS Peter D. DIJKSTRA Charlotte m. LINDEYER BertanneVISSER Alan m. smith Ton G. G. GROOTHUIS Jacques J. m. van ALPHEN Ole SEEHAUSEN Department of Animal Ecology Institute of Biology Leiden University PO Box 9516 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands The University of Texas at Austin Section of Integrative Biology 1 University Station-C0930 Austin TX 78712 United States Department of Biological Sciences University of Hull Cottingham Road Hull HU6 7RX United Kingdom Behavioural Biology Group University of Groningen P.O. Box 14 9750 AA Haren The Netherlands Institute of Zoology University of Bern Baltzerstrasse CH-3012 Bern Switzerland Eawag Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology Centre of Ecology Evolution & Biogeochemistry Depart- ment ofFish Ecology & Evolution Seestrasse 97 6047 Kastanienbaum Switzerland

Both inter- and intrasexual selection have been implicated in the origin and maintenance of species-rich taxa with di- verse sexual traits. Simultaneous disruptive selection by female mate choice and male-male competition can, in theory, lead to ~,;peciation without geographical isolation if both act on the same male trait. Female mate choice can generate discontinuities in gene flow, while male-male competition can generate negative frequency-dependent selection stabilizing the male trait polymor- phism. Speciation may be facilitated when mating preference and/or aggression bias are physically linked to the trait they operate on. We tested for genetic associations among female mating preference, male aggression bias and male coloration in the Lake Victoria cichlid Pundamilia. We crossed females from a phenotypically variable population with males from both extreme ends of the phenotype distribution in the same population （blue or red）. male offspring of a red sire were significantly redder than males of a blue sire, indicating that intra-population variation in male coloration is heritable. We tested mating preferences of female offspring and aggression biases of male offspring using binary choice tests. There was no evidence for associations at the family level between female mating preferences and coloration of sires, but dam identity had a significant effect on female mate prefe- rence. Sons of the red sire directed significantly more aggression to red than blue males, whereas sons of the blue sire did not show any bias. There was a positive correlation among individuals between male aggression bias and body coloration, possibly due to pleiotropy or physical linkage, which could facilitate the maintenance of color polymorphism [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 221-229, 2013].

关键词： Disruptive selection Sexual selection Speciation Pundamilia Linkage disequilibrium

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Food Security: Impact of European Settlement and Infrastructure on Columbia River Salmon migration

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2021年第7期11卷 367-388页

作者： Kenneth R. Olson cory D. Suski College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA Department of Natural Resources College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA

The 2000 km Columbia River is the longest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. It starts in British Columbia, Canada and flows through the states of Oregon and Washington before discharging into Pacific Ocean near Cape Disappointment. The mouth of the Columbia River is a deep water harbor and 180 km of the river can be accessed by navigation. Based on flow volume, the river is the 4th largest river in the United States. The headwaters and approximately 800 km of the Columbia River lie in Canada. Columbia Lake and the Columbia Wetlands are located in British Columbia and are the headwaters of the Columbia River. The lake has an elevation of 820 m above sea level and drains to the Pacific Ocean near Astoria, Oregon. The Ocean tides flow up river to Portland, Oregon. This paper highlights how the geological and landscape resources of the Columbia River and tributaries watershed contributed to the economic development of this historically rich region of North America. The Columbia River is one of the most biologically diverse freshwater systems in the United States. The Columbia River system with trails and cruise ships was designed to increase use of the Columbia River, to promote recreational tourism, and to create a generation of people who are willing to protect and provide environmental stewardship of the river basin resources.

关键词： Bonneville Slide Land of Flowing milk and Honey Lewis and Clark Expedition missoula Flood mount St. Helens Oregon Trail Willamette Valley

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Snake River: A Navigation and Spawning Dilemma

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2021年第10期11卷 479-503页

作者： Kenneth R. Olson cory D. Suski Department of Natural Resources College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The Snake River in northwestern United States is 1735 km long, the largest tributary of the Columbia River and is the 13th longest river in the United States. The Snake River drainage basin includes parts of six U.S. states. The Snake River Plain was created by a volcanic hotspot that lies beneath Yellow-stone National Park. The previous Ice Age carved out canyons, cliffs and waterfalls along the middle and lower Snake River. The missoula Flood was to the north and Bonneville Flood to the south altered the Snake River and surrounding landscape. The Snake River has a drainage basin of 282,000 km2 in the states of Oregon, Washington, Utah, Nevada and Idaho. The Snake River drops from mountain elevations of 3000 m to its confluence with the Columbia River. The river is one of the most biologically diverse freshwater systems in the United States with trails designed to promote recreational tourism, increase use of the Snake River and create generations of people who care about the river and are willing to protect and provide environmental stewardship of the river watershed resources.

关键词： Bonneville Flood Hells Canyon Ice Harbor Oregon Trail Shoshone Snake River Plain Wheat Growers Association

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Potato aphid macrosiphum euphorbiae performance is determined by aphid genotype and not mycorrhizal fungi or water availability

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Insect Science 2017年第6期24卷 1015-1024页

作者： Alison Jane Karley matthew Emslie-smith Alison Elizabeth Bennett Ecological Sciences The James Hutton Institute Invergowrie Dundee UK School of Biology University of St. Andrews St Andrews UK

Intra- and interspecific variation in plant and insect traits can alter the strength and direction of insect-plant interactions, with outcomes modified by soil biotic and abiotic conditions. We used the potato aphid （macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas） feeding on cultivated Solanum tuberosum and wild Solanurn berthaulti to study the impact of water availability and plant mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal （Am） fungi on aphid performance and susceptibility to a parasitoid wasp （Aphidius ervi Haliday）. Plants were grown under glass with live or sterile Am fungal spores and supplied with sufficient or reduced water supply. Plants were infested with 1 of 3 genotypes ofm. euphorbiae or maintained as aphidfree controls; aphid abundance was scored after 1 week, after which aphid susceptibility to A. ervi was assayed explanta. Solarium tuberosum accumulated c. 20% more dry mass than S. berthaultii, and root mass of S. berthaultii was smallest under reduced water supply in the presence of Am fungi. Aphid abundance was lowest on S. berthaultii and highest for genotype ＂2＂ aphids; genotype ＂1＂ aphid density was particularly reduced on S. berthaultii. Aphid genotype ＂1＂ exhibited low susceptibility to parasitism and was attacked less frequently than the other two more susceptible aphid genotypes. Neither Am fungi nor water availability affected insect performance. Our study suggests a fitness trade-offin m. euphorbiae between parasitism resistance and aphid performance on poor quality Solarium hosts that warrants further exploration, and indicates the importance of accounting for genotype identity in determining the outcome of multitrophic interactions.

关键词： Aphidius ervi arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi multitrophic interaction parasitism resistance Solanum spp.

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Ground-Based LiDAR Improves Phenotypic Repeatability of Above-Ground Biomass and Crop Growth Rate in Wheat

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Plant Phenomics 2020年第1期2卷 138-148页

作者： David m.Deery Greg J.Rebetzke Jose A.Jimenez-Berni Anthony G.Condon David J.smith Kathryn m.Bechaz William D.Bovill CSIRO Agriculture and Food CanberraACTAustralia CSIRO Agriculture and Food YancoNSWAustralia NSW Department of Primary Industries YancoNSWAustralia

Highly repeatable,nondestructive,and high-throughput measures of above-ground biomass(AGB)and crop growth rate(CGR)are important for wheat improvement *** study evaluates the repeatability of destructive AGB and CGR measurements in comparison to two previously described methods for the estimation of AGB from LiDAR:3D voxel index(3DVI)and 3D profile index(3DPI).Across three field experiments,contrasting in available water supply and comprising up to 98 wheat genotypes varying for canopy architecture,several concurrent measurements of LiDAR and AGB were made from jointing to *** correlations at discrete events between AGB and the LiDAR-derived biomass indices were significant,ranging from 0.31(Pmass indices at discrete events was at least similar to and often higher than AGB,particularly under water *** correlations between calculated CGR for AGB and the LiDAR indices were moderate to high and varied between ***,across all experiments,the repeatabilities of the CGR derived from the LiDAR indices were appreciably greater than those for AGB,except for the 3DPI in the water-limited *** our experiments,the repeatability of either LiDAR index was consistently higher than that of AGB,both at discrete time points and when CGR was *** findings provide promising support for the reliable use of ground-based LiDAR,as a surrogate measure of AGB and CGR,for screening germplasm in research and wheat breeding.

关键词： Wheat Biomass LiDAR

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Water quality impacts of small-scale hydromodification in an urban stream in Connecticut, USA

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 106-115页

作者： Bin Zhu Daniel S.smith Anthony P.Benaquista Dylan m.Rossi Betsy m.Kadapuram man Lok Yu Andrew S.Partlow Nathan R.Burtch Department of Biology University of Hartford200 Bloomfield AvenueWest HartfordCT 06117USA College of marine and Environmental Sciences James Cook University1 James Cook DriveTownsvilleQLD 4811Australia Department of Geography and Environmental Planning Towson University8000 York RoadTowsonMD 21252USA

Introduction:Construction activities in and along urban streams increase the sediment input into surface waters,causing an overall decline in water quality and aquatic *** this case study,we investigate the water quality impacts of local hydromodification in an urban stream(discharge 0.4 m^(3)/s).At the site of interest,workers removed a stream crossing consisting of an embankment with culverts and replaced it with a small bridge(single span of 25 m)in an effort to improve flow ***:Water samples were taken at four sites along the North Branch Park River in Connecticut,Northeastern United *** and dissolved oxygen(DO)were measured in situ,and nitrate and total phosphorus(TP)were measured in the *** macroinvertebrate samples were also collected and analyzed for taxon richness and Shannon-Weaver species *** were compared between upstream and downstream sites and before,during,and after *** used one-way ANOVA combined with the post hoc Turkey test to derive statistical ***:During construction,turbidity increased temporarily by 60.9%[from 2.48 Nephelometric Turbidity Units(NTU)over ambient to 4.00 NTU].Once construction was completed,DO increased locally from 11.0 to 13.0 mg/*** macroinvertebrate taxon richness and species diversity declined by 61.6 and 32.6%respectively,with no recovery observed in the year following *** quality was only affected within 50 m *** and TP concentrations were ***:Small-scale hydromodification temporarily increased the turbidity as a result of increased sediment input,approaching the maximum level for clean water(5 NTU).Benthic macroinvertebrate communities declined in the immediate downstream vicinity of construction but are expected to recover soon given that turbidity recovered to pre-construction levels,and DO *** outcomes emphasize that environmental assessment is important not

关键词： Urban streams Pollution Hydrologic services Water quality Benthic macroinvertebrates North Branch Park River

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Flexible, diamond-based microelectrodes fabricated using the diamond growth side for neural sensing

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 742-753页

作者： Bin Fan cory A.Rusinek Cort H.Thompson monica Setien Yue Guo Robert Rechenberg Yan Gong Arthur J.Weber michael F.Becker Erin Purcell Wen Li Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA Fraunhofer USA Center for Coatings and Diamond Technologies East LansingMIUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA Department of Physiology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA

Diamond possesses many favorable properties for biochemical sensors,including biocompatibility,chemical inertness,resistance to biofouling,an extremely wide potential window,and low double-layer *** hardness of diamond,however,has hindered its applications in neural implants due to the mechanical property mismatch between diamond and soft nervous ***,we present a flexible,diamond-based microelectrode probe consisting of multichannel boron-doped polycrystalline diamond(BDD)microelectrodes on a soft Parylene C *** developed and optimized a wafer-scale fabrication approach that allows the use of the growth side of the BDD thin film as the sensing *** to the nucleation surface,the BDD growth side exhibited a rougher morphology,a higher sp^(3) content,a wider water potential window,and a lower background *** dopamine(DA)sensing capability of the BDD growth surface electrodes was validated in a 1.0 mm DA solution,which shows better sensitivity and stability than the BDD nucleation surface *** results of these comparative studies suggest that using the BDD growth surface for making implantable microelectrodes has significant advantages in terms of the sensitivity,selectivity,and stability of a neural ***,we validated the functionality of the BDD growth side electrodes for neural recordings both in vitro and in *** biocompatibility of the microcrystalline diamond film was also assessed in vitro using rat cortical neuron cultures.

关键词： neural film diamond

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Evaluating the efficacy of major language models in providing guidance for hand trauma nerve laceration patients:a case study on Google’s AI BARD,Bing AI,and ChatGPT

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2023年第1期10卷 758-768页

作者： Bryan Lim Ishith Seth Gabriella Bulloch Yi Xie David J Hunter-smith Warren m Rozen Department of Plastic Surgery Peninsula HealthMelbourne 3199Australia Central Clinical School at monash University The Alfred CentreMelbourne 3004Australia Faculty of medicine and Surgery The University of Melbourne 3053Australia

This study evaluated three prominent Large Language models(LLms)-Google’s AI BARD,Bing’s AI,and ChatGPT-4 in providing patient advice for hand *** simulated patient inquiries on hand trauma were prompted to them.A panel of Board-certified plastic surgical residents evaluated the responses for accuracy,comprehensiveness,and appropriate *** were also compared against existing literature and *** study suggests that ChatGPT outperforms BARD and Bing AI in providing reliable,evidence-based clinical advice,but they still face limitations in depth and *** professionals are essential in interpreting LLm recommendations,and future research should improve LLm performance by integrating specialized databases and human expertise to advance nerve injury management and optimize patient-centred care.

关键词： Artificial intelligence ChatGPT BARD Bings AI large language model nerve injury

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Vitamin A regulates intramuscular adipose tissue and muscle development:promoting high-quality beef production

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 1138-1147页

作者： Dong Qiao Peng Stephen B.smith Hong Gu Lee Department of Animal Science and Technology Sanghuh College of Life SciencesKonkuk UniversitySeoul 05029South Korea Department of Animal Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

During growth in cattle,the development of intramuscular adipose tissue and muscle is dependent upon cell hyperplasia(increased number of adipocytes)and hypertrophy(increased size of adipocytes).Based on the results of previous studies,other adipose tissue depots(e.g.,perirenal and subcutaneous)develop from the fetal stage primarily as brown adipose *** hyperplastic stage of intramuscular adipose is considered to develop from late pregnancy,but there is no evidence indicating that intramuscular adipose tissue develops initially as brown adipose *** growth of intramuscular adipose continues well into postweaning and is dependent on the timing of the transition to grain-based diets;thereafter,the late-stage development of intramuscular adipose tissue is dominated by *** muscle development,hyperplasia of myoblasts lasts from early(following development of somites in the embryo)to middle pregnancy,after which growth of muscle is the result of hypertrophy of *** A is a fat-soluble compound that is required for the normal immunologic function,vision,cellular proliferation,and *** we review the roles of vitamin A in intramuscular adipose tissue and muscle development in *** A regulates both hyperplasia and hypertrophy in in vitro *** A supplementation at the early stage and restriction at fattening stage generate opposite effects in the beef *** vitamin A supplementation and restriction strategy increase intramuscular adipose tissue development(i.e.,marbling or intramuscular fat)in some in vivo ***,hyperplasia and hypertrophy of myoblasts/myotubes were affected by vitamin A treatment in in vitro ***,some studies reported an interaction between the alcohol dehydrogenase-1C(ADH1C)genotype and vitamin A feed restriction for the development of marbling and/or intramuscular adipose tissue,which was dependent on the timing and level of vitamin A

关键词： Adipose tissue Cattle Intramuscular adipose tissue muscle development Vitamin A

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Factors Affected HIV Testing and HIV Infection among Internet-based Self-testing mSm Who Never Tested for HIV in Beijing,China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2020年第10期33卷 775-779页

作者： JIN Xia XIAO Dong XU Jun Jie smith m Kumi XIU Xiang Fei DING Zheng Wei CAO Ning Xiao BAO Yu Gang NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology(China medical University) National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001LiaoningChina AIDS Healthcare Foundation(AHF)China Beijing 100021China Tongzhi Welfare Group Beijing 100021China School of Public Health University of Minnesota Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN55455United States Chinese Academy of medical Sciences Hospital for Skin Diseases and STI ControlNanjing 210042JiangsuChina

Around half of the men who have sex with men(mSm)have never been tested for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),even though the health authorities promoted a massive scale-up of HIV testing and counseling in health facilities[1].HIV self-testing has been recommended by the World Health Organization as a user-friendly,convenient,rapid,and accurate approach to access HIV testing[2].An internet-based provision of self-testing services may be critical to the rollout of HIV self-testing,but more research is needed.

关键词： testing massive convenient

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