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Burden of gallstone disease in the United States population:Prepandemic rates and trends

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第4期16卷 1130-1148页

作者： Aynur Unalp-Arida constance e ruhl National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892-5458United States Social&Scientific Systems Inc.DLH Holdings Corp CompanySilver SpringMD 20910United States

BACKGROUND Gallstone disease is one of the most common digestive disorders in the United States and leads to significant morbidity,mortality,and health care *** To expand on earlier findings and investigate prepandemic rates and trends in the gallstone disease burden in the United States using national survey and claims *** The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey,National Inpatient Sample,Nationwide emergency Department Sample,Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample,Vital Statistics of the United States,Optum Clinformatics®Data Mart,and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Medicare 5%Sample and Medicaid files were used to estimate claims-based prevalence,medical care including cholecystectomy,and mortality with a primary or other gallstone *** were age-adjusted(for national databases)and shown per 100000 *** Gallstone disease prevalence(claims-based,2019)was 0.70%among commercial insurance enrollees,1.03%among Medicaid beneficiaries,and 2.09%among Medicare beneficiaries and rose over the previous ***,in the United States population,gallstone disease contributed to approximately 2.2 million ambulatory care visits,1.2 million emergency department visits,625000 hospital discharges,and 2000 deaths *** had higher medical care rates with a gallstone disease diagnosis,but mortality rates were higher among *** had higher ambulatory care visit and hospital discharge rates compared with Whites,but not mortality *** had lower ambulatory care visit and mortality rates,but similar hospital discharge rates compared with *** the study period,ambulatory care and emergency department visit rates with a gallstone disease diagnosis rose,while hospital discharge and mortality rates *** commercial insurance enrollees,rates were higher compared with national data for ambulatory care visits and hospitalizations,but lower for emergency department ***

关键词： Gallstone disease Burden Cholecystectomy Mortality Health care use Cholelithiasis Gallstones epidemiology

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The acceleration of a high-charge electron bunch to 10 GeV in a 10-cm nanoparticle-assisted wakefield accelerator

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Matter and Radiation at extremes 2024年第1期9卷 15-24页

作者： Constantin Aniculaesei Thanh Ha Samuel Yoffe Lance Labun Stephen Milton edward McCary Michael M.Spinks Hernan J.Quevedo Ou Z.Labun Ritwik Sain Andrea Hannasch Rafal Zgadzaj Isabella Pagano Jose A.Franco-Altamirano Martin L.Ringuette erhart Gaul Scott V.Luedtke Ganesh Tiwari Bernhard ersfeld enrico Brunetti Hartmut ruhl Todd Ditmire Sandra Bruce Michael e.Donovan Michael C.Downer Dino A.Jaroszynski Bjorn Manuel Hegelich University of Texas at Austin AustinTexas 78712USA SUPA Department of Physics University of StrathclydeGlasgowScotland G4 ONGUnited Kingdom Tau Systems Inc.AustinTexas 78701USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94550USA Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNew Mexico 87545USA Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNew York 11973USA Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MunichGermany

An intense laser pulse focused onto a plasma can excite nonlinear plasma *** appropriate conditions,electrons from the background plasma are trapped in the plasma wave and accelerated to ultra-relativistic *** scheme is called a laser wakefield *** this work,we present results from a laser wakefield acceleration experiment using a petawatt-class laser to excite the wakefields as well as nanoparticles to assist the injection of electrons into the accelerating phase of the *** find that a 10-cm-long,nanoparticle-assisted laser wakefield accelerator can generate 340 pC,10±1.86 GeV electron bunches with a 3.4 GeV rms convolved energy spread and a 0.9 mrad rms *** can also produce bunches with lower energies in the 4–6 GeV range.

关键词： acceleration nanoparticle charge

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Site directed mutagenesis as a precision tool to enable synthetic biology with engineered modular polyketide synthases

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2020年第2期5卷 62-80页

作者： erin e.Drufva elijah G.Hix constance B.Bailey Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee-KnoxvilleKnoxvilleTN37996USA

Modular polyketide synthases(PKSs)are a multidomain megasynthase class of biosynthetic enzymes that have great promise for the development of new compounds,from new pharmaceuticals to high value commodity and specialty *** colinear biosynthetic logic has been viewed as a promising platform for synthetic biology for *** to this colinearity,domain swapping has long been used as a strategy to introduce molecular ***,domain swapping often fails because it perturbs critical protein-protein interactions within the *** our increased level of structural elucidation of PKSs,using judicious targeted mutations of individual residues is a more precise way to introduce molecular diversity with less potential for global disruption of the protein *** we review examples of targeted point mutagenesis to one or a few residues harbored within the PKS that alter domain specificity or selectivity,affect protein stability and interdomain communication,and promote more complex catalytic reactivity.

关键词： Polyketide synthase Site directed mutagenesis Rational design Saturation mutagenesis Synthetic biology Protein engineering

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Screening for 26 per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in German drinking waters with support of residents

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eco-environment & Health 2023年第4期2卷 235-242页

作者： Vanessa Ingold Alexander Kämpfe Aki Sebastian ruhl German environment Agency Section II 3.3Schichauweg 5812307BerlinGermany German environment Agency Section II 3.2Heinrich-Heine-Straße 1208645Bad ElsterGermany Technische Universität Berlin Chair of Water TreatmentKF4Straße des 17.Juni 13510623BerlinGermany

The occurrence of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in water cycles poses a challenge to drinking water quality and *** order to counteract the large knowledge gap regarding PFAS in German drinking water,89 drinking water samples from all over Germany were collected with the help of residents and were analyzed for 26 PFAS by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS).The 20 PFAS recently regulated by sum concentration(PFAS_(∑20)),as well as six other PFAS,were quantified by targeted *** all drinking water samples,PFAS_(∑20 )was below the limit of 0.1μg/L,but the sum concentrations ranged widely from below the limit of quantification up to 80.2 ng/*** sum concentrations(PFASP4)of perfluorohexanesulfonate(PFHxS),perfluorooctanesulfonate(PFOS),perfluorooctanoate(PFOA),and perfluorononanoate of 20 ng/L were exceeded in two *** most frequently detected individual substances were PFOS(in 52%of the samples),perfluorobutanesulfonate(52%),perfluorohexanoate(PFHxA)(44%),perfluoropentanoate(43%)and PFHxS(35%).The highest single concentrations were 23.5 ng/L for PFHxS,15.3 ng/L for PFOS,and 10.1 ng/L for *** regionally elevated concentrations were identified,but some highly urbanized areas showed elevated *** of substitution PFAS,including 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoate and 2,2,3-trifluor-3-[1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluor-3-(trifluormethoxy)propoxy]-propanoate(anion of ADONA),were very low compared to regulated *** most frequently detected PFAS were examined for co-occurrences,but no definite correlations could be found.

关键词： Persistent chemicals Organic micro-pollutants eU drinking water directive Indicator PFAS Drinking water

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erythropoietin modulates bone marrow stromal cell differentiation

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Bone Research 2019年第3期7卷 272-285页

作者： Sukanya Suresh Luis Fernandez de Castro Soumyadeep Dey Pamela G. Robey constance Tom Noguchi Molecular Medicine Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA Skeletal Biology Section National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA

erythropoietin is essential for bone marrow erythropoiesis and erythropoietin receptor on non-erythroid cells including bone marrow stromal cells suggests systemic effects of erythropoietin. Tg6 mice with chronic erythropoietin overexpression have a high hematocrit, reduced trabecular and cortical bone and bone marrow adipocytes, and decreased bone morphogenic protein 2 driven ectopic bone and adipocyte formation. erythropoietin treatment(1 200 IU·kg–1) for 10 days similarly exhibit increased hematocrit,reduced bone and bone marrow adipocytes without increased osteoclasts, and reduced bone morphogenic protein signaling in the bone marrow. Interestingly, endogenous erythropoietin is required for normal differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells to osteoblasts and bone marrow adipocytes.ΔepoR_e mice with erythroid restricted erythropoietin receptor exhibit reduced trabecular bone, increased bone marrow adipocytes, and decreased bone morphogenic protein 2 ectopic bone formation. erythropoietin treated ΔepoR_e mice achieved hematocrit similar to wild-type mice without reduced bone, suggesting that bone reduction with erythropoietin treatment is associated with non-erythropoietic erythropoietin response. Bone marrow stromal cells from wild-type,Tg6, and ΔepoR_e-mice were transplanted into immunodeficient mice to assess development into a bone/marrow organ. Like endogenous bone formation, Tg6 bone marrow cells exhibited reduced differentiation to bone and adipocytes indicating that high erythropoietin inhibits osteogenesis and adipogenesis, while ΔepoR_e bone marrow cells formed ectopic bones with reduced trabecular regions and increased adipocytes, indicating that loss of erythropoietin signaling favors adipogenesis at the expense of osteogenesis. In summary, endogenous erythropoietin signaling regulates bone marrow stromal cell fate and aberrant erythropoietin levels result in their impaired differentiation.

关键词： bone marrow adipocyte normal differentiation

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Genotype e:The neglected genotype of hepatitis B virus

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第12期13卷 1875-1891页

作者： Luicer Anne Olubayo Ingasia constance Wose Kinge Anna Kramvis Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit Department of Internal MedicineSchool of Clinical MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburg 2193GautengSouth Africa Department of Implementation Science Right to CareJohannesburg 0046GautengSouth Africa

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)(sub)genotypes A1,D3 and e circulate in sub-Saharan Africa,the region with one of the highest incidences of HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma *** genotype e was identified more than 20 years ago,and is the most widespread genotype in Africa,it has not been extensively *** current knowledge status and gaps in its origin and evolution,natural history of infection,disease progression,response to antiviral therapy and vaccination are *** e is an African genotype,with unique molecular characteristics that is found mainly in Western and Central Africa and rarely outside Africa except in individuals of African *** low prevalence of this genotype in the African descendant populations in the New World,phylogeographic analyses,the low genetic diversity and evidence of remnants of genotype e in ancient HBV samples suggests the relatively recent reintroduction into the *** is scarcity of information on the clinical and virological characteristics of genotype e-infected patients,disease progression and outcomes and efficacy of anti-HBV *** infected with genotype e have been characterised with high hepatitis B e antigen-positivity and high viral load with a lower end of treatment response to interferon-alpha.A minority of genotype e-infected participants have been included in studies in which treatment response was *** concern is that current guidelines do not consider patients infected with genotype ***,there is an urgent need for further large-scale investigations into genotype e,the neglected genotype of HBV.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Genotype e evolution Clinical significance Antiviral therapy Vaccination

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The comparative efficacy of ezetimibe added to atorvastatin 10 mg versus uptitration to atorvastatin 40 mg in subgroups of patients aged 65 to 74 years or greater than or equal to 75 years

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2011年第1期8卷 1-11页

作者： Ori Ben-Yehuda Nanette K. Wenger Christian constance Franklin Zieve Mary e. Hanson Jian-Xin Lin Arvind K. Shah Charlotte Jones-Burton Andrew M. Tershakovec University of California San Diego 200 West Arbor Drive La Jolla CA 92103 USA emory University School of Medicine 49 Jess Hill Jr Dr SE Atlanta GA 30303 USA SHopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Recherche Clinique/Polyclinique 5415 Boulevard de l＇Assomption Suite 295 Montreal Quebec QC H1T2M4 Canada McGuire VA Medical Center 1201 Broad Rock Blvd （151） Richmond VA 23249 USA Merck-Sharp ＆ Dohme One Merck Drive Whitehouse Station NJ 08889 USA

Background Coronary heart disease （CHD） risk increases with age; yet lipid-lowering therapies are significantly under-utilized in patients 〉 65 years. The objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of lipid-lowering therapies in older patients treated with atorvastatin 10 nag ＋ ezetimibe 10 mg （eZ/Atorva） vs. increasing the atorvastatin dose to 40 mg, Methods Patients 〉 65 years with atherosclerotic vascular disease （LDL-C ≥1.81 mmol/L） or at high risk for coronary heart disease （LDL-C 〉 2.59 mmol/L） were randomized to eZ/Atorva for 12 wk vs. uptitration to atorvastatin 20 nag for 6 wk followed by atorvastatin 40 nag for 6 wk. The percent change in LDL-C and other lipid parameters and percent patients achieving prespecified LDL-C levels were assessed after 12 wk. Results eZ/Atorva produced greater reductions in most lipid parameters vs. uptitration of atorvastatin in patients 〉 75 years （n = 228）, generally consistent with patients 65-74 years （n = 812）. More patients achieved LDL-C targets with combination therapy vs. monotherapy in both age groups at 6 wk and in patients 〉 75 years at 12 wk. At 12 wk, more patients 〉 75 years achieved LDL-C targets with monotherapy vs. combination therapy. eZ/Atorva produced more favorable improvements in most lipids vs. doubling or quadrupling the atorvastatin dose in patients 〉 75 years, generally consistent with the findings in patients 65-74 years. Conclusions Our results extended previous findings demonstrating that ezetimibe added to a statin provided a generally well-tolerated therapeutic option for improving the lipid profile in patients 65 to 74 years and 〉 75 years of age.

关键词： cholesterol absorption inhibitor LDL-C hypercholesterolemia statin

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Managers and the legal environment : strategies for the 21st century / 4th ed.

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2002年

作者： Bagley constance e.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Mechanisms of prostate carcinogenesis and its prevention by a γ-tocopherolrich mixture of tocopherols in TRAMP mice

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Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016年第3期25卷 170-177页

作者： Ying Huang Zhengyuan Su Tienyuan Wu constance Lay-Lay Saw Ah-Ng Tony Kong Department of Pharmaceutics Earnest Mario School of Pharmacy Rutgers The State University of New Jersey

Tocopherols belong to a subgroup of the vitamin e family. Dietary feeding of a γ-tocopherol-rich mixture of tocopherols(γ-Tm T) inhibits prostate tumorigenesis in TRAMP mice. In this study, we aimed to investigate mechanisms of prostate carcinogenesis in TRAMP mice by identifying differentially expressed pathways and effects of γ-Tm T on these pathways. eight-week-old TRAMP and age-matched C57BL/6 mice were administered either 600 mg/kg of γ-Tm T or a control vehicle via oral gavage. Twelve hours after dosing, prostate tissues were collected for RNA extraction. Whole genome mouse microarrays were used to examine gene expression profiles. The expression of the selected genes were validated using quantitative PCR. Thousands of genes and various pathways were altered in the prostates of TRAMP mice. Compared to C57BL/6 mice, TRAMP mice exhibited enhanced proliferation, suppressed expression of antioxidant and phase II detoxification enzymes, and metabolic reprogramming in the prostate. γ-Tm T differentially regulated the gene expression profiles of TRAMP and C57BL/6 mice, with only a small percentage of genes overlapping. γ-Tm T inhibited genes involved in proliferation and glucose metabolism and induced several antioxidant/phase II detoxification genes in TRAMP mice. γ-Tm T modulates multiple aberrant pathways in the prostate of TRAMP mice, which might represent important mechanisms for prostate cancer prevention.

关键词： Tocopherol Vitamin e Prostate cancer Proliferation Antioxidant Glucose metabolism

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Dominance network structure across reproductive contexts in the cooperatively breeding cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 45-54页

作者： Cody J. DeY Q.Y. Joanne TAN constance M. O'CONNOR Adam R. ReDDON J. Ryan CALDWeLL Sigal BALSHINe Department of Biology McMaster University Hamilton Ontario ON L8S 4K1 Canada Department of Psychology Neuroscience and Behaviour McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L8 Canada

While a large number of studies have described animal social networks, we have a poor understanding of how these networks vary with ecological and social conditions. For example, reproductive periods are an important life-history stage that may involve changes in dominance relationships among individuals, yet no study to date has compared social networks of do- minance interactions （i.e. dominance networks） across reproductive contexts. We first analyzed a long-term dataset on captive so- cial groups of the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologuspulcher, and found that eviction events were significantly more common around reproduction than expected by chance. Next, we compared the structure of dominance networks during early pa- rental care and non-reproductive periods, using one of the first applications of exponential random graph models in behavioral biology. Contrary to our predictions, we found that dominance networks showed few changes between early parental care and non-reproductive periods. We found no evidence that dominance interactions became more skewed towards larger individuals, became more frequent between similar-sized individuals, or became more biased towards a particular sex during parental care. However, we did find that there were relatively more dominance interactions between opposite-sex dyads in the early parental care period, which may be a by-product of increased sexual interactions during this time. This is the first study in behavioral ecology to compare social networks using exponential random graph modeling, and demonstrates a powerful analytical framework for future studies in the field [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 45-54, 2015].

关键词： Social network Aggression Submissive Hierarchy Parental care P* model

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