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Influence of Mechanical Activation on Acid Leaching Dephosphorization of High-phosphorus Iron Ore Concentrates

Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2016年第7期23卷 661-668页

作者： De-qing ZHU Hao WANG Jian PAN cong-cong yang School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University

High pressure roll grinding（HPRG）and ball milling were compared to investigate the influence of mechanical activation on the acid leaching dephosphorization of a high-phosphorus iron ore concentrate,which was manufactured through magnetizing roasting-magnetic separation of high-phosphorus oolitic iron *** results indicated that when high-phosphorus iron ore concentrates containing 54.92 mass% iron and 0.76 mass% phosphorus were directly processed through acid leaching,iron ore concentrates containing 55.74mass%iron and 0.33mass%phosphorus with an iron recovery of 84.64%and dephosphorization of 63.79% were *** high-phosphorus iron ore concentrates activated by ball milling were processed by acid leaching,iron ore concentrates containing56.03mass%iron and 0.21mass% phosphorus with an iron recovery of 85.65% and dephosphorization of 77.49%were ***,when high-phosphorus iron ore concentrates activated by HPRG were processed by acid leaching,iron ore concentrates containing 58.02mass%iron and 0.10mass% phosphorus were obtained,with the iron recovery reaching 88.42% and the dephosphorization rate reaching 88.99%.Mechanistic studies demonstrated that ball milling can reduce the particle size,demonstrating aprominent reunion *** contrast,HPRG pretreatment contributes to the formation of more cracks within the particles and selective dissociation of iron and P bearing minerals,which can provide the favorable kinetic conditions to accelerate the solid-liquid reaction *** such,the crystal structure is destroyed and the surface energy of mineral particles is strengthened by mechanical activation,further strengthening the dephosphorization.

关键词： high-phosphorus iron ore concentrate high pressure roll grinding ball milling selective dissociation sulfuric acid leaching dephosphorization iron recovery

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Some basic properties of granules from ore blends consisting of ultrafine magnetite and hematite ores

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2019年第8期26卷 953-962页

作者： cong-cong yang De-qing Zhu Jian Pan Yue Shi School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University

Some basic properties of granules,including the granule size distribution,packed-bed permeability,and chemical composition of the adhering layer,were investigated in this study for four iron ore blends consisting of 5wt%,25wt%,and 45wt%ultrafine magnetite and 25wt%ultrafine hematite *** effects of varying the sinter basicity(CaO/SiO2 mass ratio=1.4 to 2.2)and adding ultrafine concentrates on the variation of the adhering-layer composition and granule microstructure were ***,the effect of adhering-layer compositional changes on sintering reactions was discussed in combination with pot sintering results of ore *** sinter basicity led to an increase in the basicities of both the adhering layer and the fine part of the sinter mix,which were higher than the overall sinter *** the sinter chemistry was fixed and fine Si-bearing materials(e.g.,quartz sand)were used,increasing the amount of ultrafine ores in the ore blends tended to reduce the adhering-layer basicity and increase the SiO2 content in both the adhering layer and the fine part of the sinter mix,which will induce the formation of low-strength bonding phases and the deterioration of sinter *** adhering-layer composition in granules can be estimated in advance from the compositions of the-1 mm fractions of the raw materials.

关键词： iron ore granule adhering layer magnetite concentrate sinter basicity

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Oxidation and Induration Characteristics of Pellets Made from Western Australian Ultrafine Magnetite Concentrates and Its Utilization Strategy

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2016年第9期23卷 924-932页

作者： cong-cong yang De-qing ZHU Jian PAN Bin-zhi ZHOU Hu XUN Department of Ferrous Metallurgy Central South University

Western Australian magnetite concentrates normally have ultrafine granularity and much higher specific surface areas than Chinese magnetite concentrates owing to the significant pre-grinding and beneficiation for saleable iron grade. Such characteristics will inevitably affect the subsequent pelletization process. However, very few investi- gations have been done before. Thus, the oxidation and induration characteristics of pellet made from a Western Aus- tralian ultrafine magnetite concentrate were revealed by conducting routine preheating-roasting tests in an electric tube furnace and investigating the microstructure of fired pellets under an optical microscope in comparison with that of pellets made from typical Chinese magnetite concentrate. The liquidus regions of CaO-SiO2-Fe2O3 and CaO-SiO2- Al2O3 ternary systems in air at various temperatures were calculated by FactSage software to explain the importance of liquid phase in the consolidation of fired pellets. The results show that pellet made from ultrafine magnetite con- centrate possesses better oxidability and preheating performance than that made from Chinese magnetite concentrate. However, it has inferior roasting performance, usually requiring conditions of roasting at 1280℃ for at least 30 rain to acquire sufficiently high compressive strength, which are attributed to higher temperature sensitivity caused by its smaller particle size and less formation of liquid phase because of low impurities like CaO and Al2O3 in raw materials. Correspondingly, its roasting performanee can be significantly improved by blending with Chinese magnetite concen- trates or increasing the pellet basicity （WCaO/WSiO2）. By comprehensive evaluation, blending with Chinese iron ore concentrates is an appropriate way to utilize Western Australia ultrafine magnetite concentrates.

关键词： oxidation induration characteristic ultrafine magnetite concentrate iron ore pellet metallurgical performance

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A novel process for Fe recovery and Zn, Pb removal from a low-grade pyrite cinder with high Zn and Pb contents

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2018年第9期25卷 981-989页

作者： cong-cong yang De-qing Zhu Jian Pan Si-wei Li Hong-yu Tian School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University

Comprehensive utilization of pyrite cinders is increasingly important because of their huge annual outputs and potential valuable metals recovery to cope with the gradual depletion of high-grade mineral resources. In this work, a new process, i.e., a high-temperature chlorination–magnetizing roasting–magnetic separation process, was proposed for recovering Fe and removing Zn, Pb from a low-grade pyrite cinder containing 49.90 wt% Fe, 1.23 wt% Zn, and 0.29 wt% Pb. Various parameters, including the chlorinating conditions(dosage of Ca Cl2, temperature, and time) and the magnetization roasting conditions(amount of coal, temperature, and time) were investigated. The results indicate that the proposed process is effective for Fe recovery and Zn, Pb removal from the pyrite cinder. Through this process, 97.06% Zn, 96.82% Pb, and approximately 90% S can be removed, and 89.74% Fe is recovered as magnetite into the final product under optimal conditions. A purified magnetite concentrate containing 63.07 wt% Fe, 0.16 wt% P, 0.26 wt% S, and trace amounts of nonferrous metals(0.005 wt% Cu, 0.013 wt% Pb, and 0.051 wt% Zn) was obtained. The concentrate can be potentially used as a high-quality feed material for producing oxidized pellets by blending with other high-grade iron ore concentrates.

关键词： pyrite cinder purification zinc lead high-temperature chlorination magnetizing roasting

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Pyrometallurgical recycling of stainless steel pickling sludge: a review

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2019年第6期26卷 547-557页

作者： cong-cong yang Jian Pan De-qing Zhu Zheng-qi Guo Xiao-ming Li School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University Changsha 410083 Hunan China School of Metallurgical Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an 710055 Shaanxi China

Stainless steel pickling sludge (SSPS), generated from the lime neutralization process of spent pickling liquor, is classified as a hazardous waste consisting of abundant metals like Fe, Cr and Ni, and other elements like F, S and Na, etc. Rather than a common disposal in landfill, recovering these metals and other valuable components from SSPS can not only create economic benefits, but also eliminate its adverse impacts on human health and the environment. A review of the formation mechanism and basic properties of SSPS was made, and the technical features, advantages and limitations of a series of pyrometallurgical treatment processes were summarized. Based on these, the main challenges for recycling of SSPS through the existing techniques are demonstrated. The traditional pelletizing/sintering-blast furnace process can only be used as a partial solution. Direct use of SSPS as flux in an argon-oxygen decarburization converter or electric arc furnace is a promising way, but low S sludges are preferred. The STAR process shows excellent recovery for metals, but it also has a low tolerance to the S and F contents in SSPS. And theINMETCO process is highly flexible in treatment of various wastes, whereas it exhibits relatively low Cr recovery and produces poor-quality pig iron. In addition, the feasibility of the rotary kiln-electric furnace, solid -state reduction of chromite and reduction-magnetic separation processes requires further studies. An urgent task at present is to develop a system for scientific classification and separate collection of SSPS in terms of chemical composition, notably S and F contents.

关键词： Stainless steel pickling sludge Hazardous waste Recycling Pyrometallurgical process Reduction Recovery

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Effect of alumina occurrence form on metallurgical properties of hematite and magnetite pellets

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第4期31卷 797-809页

作者： Jian Pan Chen-mei Tang cong-cong yang De-qing Zhu Zheng-qi Guo Wei-qun Huang School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083HunanChina Exploration and Development of Geology and Mineral Resources Co. Ltd.Nanchang 330030JiangxiChina

The effect of alumina occurrence form on the metallurgical properties of both hematite and magnetite pellets was investigated at the same Al_(2)O level of 2 wt.%,including reduction index(RI),low-temperature reduction disintegration index(RDI),reduction swelling index(RSI),and high-temperature softening-dripping *** mineralogy of fired pellets was also studied to reveal the influence of alumina occurrence form on the phase composition and *** the results,the alumina occurrence form presents tremendous impacts on the metallurgical perfor-mance of both magnetite and hematite *** of all alumina occurrence forms contributes to inferior reducibility of pellets,especially in the case of gibbsite for magnetite pellets with a RI of 58.4%and kaolinite for hematite pellets with a RI of 56.8%.However,addition of all alumina occurrence forms improves the RDI of magnetite pellets,while there is no significant difference among various alumina occurrence *** contrast,alumina occurrence forms have little influence on the RDI of hematite *** presence of free alumina,gibbsite,and kaolinite tends to improve the RSI of hematite and magnetite pellets,whereas hercynite gives the opposite trend with a RSI of 25.6%.For softening-dripping performance of magnetite pellets,all alumina occurrence forms contribute to narrower softening-melting ***,alumina,gibbsite,and kaolinite give narrower softening-dripping interval,at 229,217,and 88℃,respectively,whereas addition of hercynite results in the largest melting range at 276℃ due to its high melting *** hematite pellets,free alumina,gibbsite,and hercynite tend to enlarge melting range,whereas kaolinite contributes to lower dripping temperature of 1148℃ and narrow softening-dripping interval of 88℃ due to the formation of a greater amount of slag phase at high temperatures.

关键词： Oxidized pellet Magnetite Hematite Alumina occurrence form Metallurgical performance Blast furnace

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Effective utilization of dolomitic lead-zinc waste rock by replacing dolomite as flux in iron ore sintering process

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第8期31卷 1861-1872页

作者： Xin Wang cong-cong yang Jian Pan De-qing Zhu Zheng-qi Guo Guang-hui Xia Shi-juan Qu School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083HunanChina Low-Carbon and Hydrogen Metallurgy Research Center Central South UniversityChangsha 410083HunanChina

With increasingly stringent environmental protection policies,cost-effective and value-added treatment of massive lead-zinc waste rock(LZWR)generated from the preconcentration process has attracted substantial attention.A type of dolomitic LZWR with 18 wt.%MgO,27 wt.%CaO,0.29 wt.%Zn and 1.43 wt.%S was used as a replacement flux in the iron ore sintering *** sinter pot tests were carried out based on an industrial ore *** results show that replacing 0%-60%of dolomite with LZWR does not adversely affect the sintering productivity,fuel consumption rate,and the quality of the sinter products,while the Zn and S elements contained in LZWR can be effectively removed with the residual Zn and S contents of the resultant sinter products being less than 0.02 and 0.055 wt.%,***,substituting LZWR for dolomite as a flux inevitably increases the SO_(2) concentration in the sintering flue gas due to its high sulfur *** the processing capacity of the sintering flue gas desulfurization system,the replacement ratio of dolomite can reach 40%,equal to LZWR consumption of 24.3 kg per ton of *** SO_(2) in sintering flue gas can be recovered to produce(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4) or HSO_(4),while the volatilized Zn collected into the zinc-containing dust can be subsequently recycled by the rotary hearth furnace ***,it is technologically and economically feasible to use the LZWR as a replacement flux in the iron ore sintering process,providing a new way for the safe,large-scale and low-cost treatment of LZWR.

关键词： Lead Zinc waste rock Dolomite Sintering Flue gas Sinter product

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Deformation and phase transformation mechanisms of 40Cr10Si2Mo steel during hot compression

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2023年第4期30卷 760-771页

作者： Qing-juan Wang Qin-ren Wang Zhong-ze Du Ze-en He Xue Dang Ze-jiang Qi cong-cong yang School of Metallurgical Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055ShaanxiChina

Thermo-mechanical experiments on martensitic heat-resistant 40Cr10Si2Mo steel were conducted using a Gleeble simulator in temperature and strain rate ranges of 1073–1373 K and 0.1–20 s^(-1),*** maps were developed and correlated with deformed microstructures based on the dynamic material model *** analysis of the maps revealed that both applied temperature and strain rate had significant effects on the power dissipation efficiency and flow instability of the steel *** backscatter diffraction analysis was also implemented to study the effect of deformation conditions on martensitic *** results showed that higher temperatures and strain rates led to a fine martensitic packet,and the martensite lath increased in width at high *** deformation domains,which exhibit different recrystallization processes,were *** discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DRX)mechanism in the low strain rate domain was characterized by the migration and growth of high-angle grains during *** contrast,in the high strain rate domain,the development of new grain boundaries is primarily associated with the deformation microbands in the low-temperature deformation *** the temperature increased,the high dislocation density accelerated the migration of the grain ***,the DRX mechanism changed from continuous DRX to *** change in the DRX mechanism type was attributed to the time during which the sample remained high temperature after deformation.

关键词： 40Cr10Si2Mo steel Dynamic recrystallization DRX mechanism Grain boundary Dislocation density

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Comparison of sintering performance of typical specular hematite ores with distinct size distributions

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2017年第10期24卷 1007-1015页

作者： cong-cong yang De-qing Zhu Ben-jing Shi Jian Pan Li-ming Lu Xiao-bo Li Ya-ping Mo School of Minerals Processing&Bioengineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083HunanChina CSIRO Mineral Resources Brisbane QLD 4069Australia Products&Technique Management Department Baosteel Zhanjiang Iron and Steel Co.Ltd.Zhanjiang 524000GuangdongChina Ironmaking Plant Wuhan Iron and Steel Company LimitedWuhan 430083HubeiChina

The sintering performance of three typical specular hematite ores（coarse SO-A,intermediate SO-B and ultrafine SO-C）was compared in an industrial ore blend through pilot-scale sinter pot *** effect of particle size of specular hematite ores on their granulation and sintering performance was *** with the coarse SO-A fine and ultrafine SO-C concentrate,the intermediate SO-B showed inferior granulation and sintering performance characterized with poorer bed permeability and productivity,lower sinter strength and higher fuel rates.A new material preparation method was hence proposed and verified at both pilot and industrial *** proposed method by mixing SO-B with a high amount of goethitetype iron ore fines was found to be an effective way in improving the granulation and assimilative characteristics of ore blend comprising 31%intermediate SO-B,leading to improved sinter productivity and lowered fuel *** metallurgical properties and microstructure of sinters were also *** sinters obtained through the proposed preparation method were generally stronger and more reducible on account of better sinter structure with more relict hematite ultimately connected with needle-like silico-ferrite of calcium and aluminum and lower porosity.

关键词： Sinter Specularite Iron ore Size distribution Granulation Goethite

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Combustion characteristics of Methanol-base fuel （MBF） made by coal

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Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China) 2011年第4期17卷 431-433页

作者： ZHANG Quan ZHAO cong-cong LIU yang School of Energy Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 China

Profound experimental research was made on Methanol-base fuel （MBF） mainly consisting of methanol, and the results were compared with that of diesel oil. Their respective combustion characteristics of caloric value, combustion efficiency and components of smoke were synthetically analyzed by employing the electronic weighing devices, the rotor flow-meter, intelligent flue gas analyzer, advanced bomb calorimeter, etc., referring to the feasibility of taking it as a fuel for general use. Experiment results show that Methanol-base fuel not only has superiorities on combustion characteristics but also bears energy saving and environmental protection advantages.

关键词： combustion characteristics methanol new energy low carbon

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