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Refining spatial neighbourhoods to capture terrain effects

Ecological Processes 2012年第1期1卷 98-108页

作者： Trisalyn A Nelson colin robertson Spatial Pattern Analysis and Research Lab Department of GeographyUniversity of VictoriaPO Box 3060VictoriaBritish ColumbiaV8W 3R4SCanada Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Wilfrid Laurier UniversityWaterlooOntarioN2L 3C5Canada

Introduction:Spatially explicit ecological research has increased substantially in the past 20 *** spatial approaches require the definition of a spatial neighbourhood or the region over which spatial relationships are modelled or *** neighbourhood definitions impact analysis results,and there are benefits in considering neighbourhood definitions that better capture ecological *** goal of this research is to present a simple and flexible approach in constraining ecological spatial neighbourhoods using terrain ***:Using watershed boundaries,we can restrict spatial neighbourhoods from combining populations or processes that should be separated by terrain *** demonstrate the need for ecological constraints by way of a simulation study and highlight our approach with a case study examining mountain pine beetle(Dendroctonus ponderosae,Coleoptera;Hopkins)infestation hot ***:Our results demonstrate how failure to constrain neighbourhoods can lead to errors when the spatial signals from unrelated populations are ***,unconstrained spatial neighbourhoods can unintentionally detect spatial relationships across many ***:There will be benefits to studies that develop new,ecology-based approaches in defining spatial neighbourhoods that better illuminate ecological function of phenomena under study.

关键词： spatial weights spatial analysis spatial ecology hot spots topography

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GIScience research challenges for realizing discrete global grid systems as a Digital Earth

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Big Earth Data 2022年第3期6卷 358-379页

作者： Majid Hojati colin robertson Steven Roberts Chiranjib Chaudhuri Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Wilfrid Laurier UniversityWaterlooONCanada Coldwater Laboratory University of SaskatchewanCanmoreABCanada

Increasing data resources are available for documenting and detecting changes in environmental,ecological,and socioeconomic ***,data are distributed across a wide variety of sources(*** silos)and published in a variety of formats,scales,and semantic representations.A key issue,therefore,in building systems that can realize a vision of earth system monitoring remains data *** global grid systems(DGGSs)have emerged as a key technology that can provide a common multi-resolution spatial fabric in support of Digital Earth ***,DGGSs remain in their infancy with many technical,conceptual,and operational *** renewed interest in DGGS brought on by a recently proposed standard,the demands of big data,and growing needs for monitoring environmental changes across a variety of scales,we seek to highlight current challenges that we see as central to moving the field(s)and technologies of DGGS *** each of the identified challenges,we illustrate the issue and provide a potential solution using a reference DGGS *** articulation of these challenges,we hope to identify a clear research agenda,expand the DGGS research footprint,and provide some ideas for moving forward towards a scaleable Digital Earth *** such challenges helps the GIScience research community to achieve the real benefits of DGGS and provides DGGS an opportunity to play a role in the next generation of GIS.

关键词： DGGS discrete global grid systems GIScience Digital Earth

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西城男孩从此绝响

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疯狂英语（初中天地） 2012年第2期 6-7页

作者： colin robertson 蒺藜

看来有必要为发狂的歌迷们开设一条专门的心理辅导热线，因为西城男孩正式宣布他们即将举行的巡回演唱会以及新发布的精选大碟将是乐团最后一次活动——这支来自爱尔兰的四人组合是有史以来最成功的男生组合之一。

关键词：男孩西城巡回演唱会心理辅导爱尔兰

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Comparison of two emergency medical services in Beijing and Hong Kong, China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2019年第11期132卷 1372-1374页

作者： Fei Shao Kit-Ling Fan colin robertson Marcus Ong Nan Liu Ling-Pong Leung Reynold Leung Chun-Sheng Li Departm ent of Emergency Medicine Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100020 China Accident and Emergency Department The Hong Kong University-Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen Guangdong 518053 China Accident and Emergency Medicine and Surgery University of Edinburgh Scotland UK Department of Emergency Medicine Singapore General Hospital Singapore Health Services Research Centre Singapore Health Services Singapore Emergency Medicine Unit Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

To Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major issue in emergency care worldwide. The incidence of OHCA is estimated to be 50 to 60 per 100,000 persons *** advances in treatment and technology, survival following OHCA remains low. There are multiple factors affecting the survival outcome. The type of emergency medical service (EMS) system is likely to be one of them. In Asia, the EMS structure and its service capability in terms of dispatch, airway management, and medications vary widely between communities. This study aimed to evaluate the survival outcomes of OHCA in Beijing and Hong Kong (HK), China and the effect of the type of EMS system on the survival outcomes for patients with OHCA.

关键词： Extrahospital cardiac arrest (ohca) cardiac arrest emergency medical service

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Colonoscopy quality with Entonox? vs intravenous conscious sedation:18608 colonoscopy retrospective study

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2017年第9期9卷 471-479页

作者： Alexander R robertson Nicholas A Kennedy James A robertson Nicholas I Church colin L Noble Department of Gastroenterology Western General Hospital Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine University of Edinburgh Department of Gastroenterology University of Exeter School of Life Sciences University of Nottingham Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh

AIM To compare colonoscopy quality with nitrous oxide gas(Entonox?) against intravenous conscious sedation using midazolam plus *** A retrospective analysis was performed on a prospectively held database of 18608 colonoscopies carried out in Lothian health board hospitals between July 2013 and January *** quality of colonoscopies performed with Entonox was compared to intravenous conscious sedation(abbreviated in this article as IVM).Furthermore,the quality of colonoscopies performed with an unmedicated group was compared to *** study used the following key markers of colonoscopy quality:(1) patient comfort scores;(2) caecal intubation rates(CIRs); and (3) polyp detection rates (PDRs).We used binary logistic regression to model the *** There was no difference in the rate of moderate-toextreme discomfort between the Entonox and IVM groups (17.9% vs 18.8%; OR = 1.06,95%CI: 0.95-1.18,P = 0.27).Patients in the unmedicated group were less likely to experience moderate-to-extreme discomfort than those in the IVM group(11.4% vs 18.8%; OR = 0.71,95%CI: 0.60-0.83,P < 0.001).There was no difference in caecal intubation between the Entonox and IVM groups(94.4% vs 93.7%; OR = 1.08,95%CI: 0.92-1.28,P = 0.34).There was no difference in caecal intubation between the unmedicated and IVM groups (94.2% vs 93.7%; OR = 0.98,95%CI: 0.79-1.22,P = 0.87).Polyp detection in the Entonox group was not different from IVM group (35.0% vs 33.1%; OR = 1.01,95%CI: 0.93-1.10,P = 0.79).Polyp detection in the unmedicated group was not significantly different from the IVM group (37.4% vs 33.1%; OR = 0.97,95%CI: 0.87-1.08,P = 0.60).CONCLUSION The use of Entonox was not associated with lower colonoscopy quality when compared to intravenous conscious sedation using midazolam plus opioid.

关键词： Gastrointestinal endoscopy Colonoscopy Caecal intubation Benzodiazepine Polyp detection Nitrous oxide Entonox Midazolam Sedation Unsedated

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