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Mass transfer correlations for membrane gas-solvent contactors undergoing carbon dioxide desorption

chinese Journal of chemical Engineering 2018年第11期26卷 2337-2343页

作者： colin A.Scholes Shufeng Shen Department of chemical Engineering The University of Melbourne School of chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering Hebei University of Science and Technology

Membrane gas-solvent contactors are a hybrid technology combining solvent absorption with membrane gas separation, which demonstrates potential for cO_2 capture through the ability of the membrane to rigidly control the mass transfer area. Membrane contactors have been successfully demonstrated for cO_2 absorption, and there is strong research interest in using membrane contactors for the complimentary cO_2 desorption process to regenerate the solvent. However, understanding and modelling the various stages of mass transfer in the desorption process is less well-known, given the existing mass transfer correlations had been developed from absorption experiments. Hence, mass transfer correlations for membrane contactors are reviewed here, and their appropriateness for desorption analysed. This is achieved through simulating cO_2 desorption through a membrane contactor from loaded 30 wt% monoethanolamine solvent to enable comparison of the correlations. It was found that the most cited correlations by Yang and cussler were valid for shell side parallel flow, while that of Kreith and Black was viable for shell side cross flow. A limitation of all of these correlations is that they assume single phase flow on both sides of the membrane; however, the high temperature of cO_2 desorption can lead to partial solvent vaporisation and hence two phases present on one side of the membrane contactor during desorption. A mass transfer correlation is established here for two phase parallel flow on the shell side of a membrane contactor, based on experimental results for three composite and one asymmetric hollow fibre membrane contactors stripping cO_2 from loaded MEA at 105–108 °c. This correlation is comparable to that reported in the literature for mass transfer in other two phase systems, but differs from the standard format for membrane contactors in terms of the exponent on the dimensionless Schmidt and Reynolds numbers.

关键词： Membrane contactor carbon dioxide Desorption Two phases Mass transfer correlations

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comparison of carbon-stock changes, eddycovariance carbon fluxes and model estimates in coastal Douglas-fir stands in British columbia

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第2期2卷 104-122页

作者： colin J Ferster JA (Tony) Trofymow Nicholas c coops Baozhang chen Thomas Andrew Black Department of Forest Resources Management University of British Columbia canadian Forest Service (Pacific Forestry centre) Natural Resources Canada Department of Biology University of Victoria Faculty of Land and Food Systems University of British Columbia

Background： The global network of eddy-covariance （Ec） flux-towers has improved the understanding of the terrestrial carbon （c） cycle, however, the network has a relatively limited spatial extent compared to forest inventory data and plots. Developing methods to use inventory-based and Ec flux measurements together with modeling approaches is necessary evaluate forest c dynamics across broad spatial extents. Methods： changes in c stock change （Ac） were computed based on repeated measurements of forest inventory plots and compared with separate measurements of cumulative net ecosystem productivity （~NEP） over four years （2003 - 2006） for Douglas-fir （Pseudotsuga menzies# var menziesil} dominated regeneration （HDF00）, juvenile （HDF88 and HDF90） and near-rotation （DF49） aged stands （6, 18, 20, 57 years old in 2006, respectively） in coastal British columbia. Ac was determined from forest inventory plot data alone, and in a hybrid approach using inventory data along with litter fall data and published decay equations to determine the change in detrital pools. These Ac-based estimates were then compared with Y_NEP measured at an eddy-covariance flux-tower （Ec-flux） and modelled by the carbon Budget Model - canadian Forest Sector （cBM-cFS3） using historic forest inventory and forest disturbance data. Footprint analysis was used with remote sensing, soils and topography data to evaluate how well the inventory plots represented the range of stand conditions within the area of the flux-tower footprint and to spatially scale the plot data to the area of the Ec-flux and model based estimates, Results： The closest convergence among methods was for the juvenile stands while the largest divergences were for the regenerating clearcut, followed by the near-rotation stand. At the regenerating clearcut, footprint weighting of cBM-cFS3 TNEP increased convergence with Ec flux Z_NEP, but not for Ac. While spatial scaling and footprint weighting did not increase convergence for Ac, they d

关键词： Forest carbon Micrometeorology Blometry Remote sensing Geographic information systems

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Refining spatial neighbourhoods to capture terrain effects

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Ecological Processes 2012年第1期1卷 98-108页

作者： Trisalyn A Nelson colin Robertson Spatial Pattern Analysis and Research Lab Department of GeographyUniversity of VictoriaPO Box 3060VictoriaBritish ColumbiaV8W 3R4SCanada Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Wilfrid Laurier UniversityWaterlooOntarioN2L 3C5Canada

Introduction:Spatially explicit ecological research has increased substantially in the past 20 *** spatial approaches require the definition of a spatial neighbourhood or the region over which spatial relationships are modelled or *** neighbourhood definitions impact analysis results,and there are benefits in considering neighbourhood definitions that better capture ecological *** goal of this research is to present a simple and flexible approach in constraining ecological spatial neighbourhoods using terrain ***:Using watershed boundaries,we can restrict spatial neighbourhoods from combining populations or processes that should be separated by terrain *** demonstrate the need for ecological constraints by way of a simulation study and highlight our approach with a case study examining mountain pine beetle(Dendroctonus ponderosae,coleoptera;Hopkins)infestation hot ***:Our results demonstrate how failure to constrain neighbourhoods can lead to errors when the spatial signals from unrelated populations are ***,unconstrained spatial neighbourhoods can unintentionally detect spatial relationships across many ***:There will be benefits to studies that develop new,ecology-based approaches in defining spatial neighbourhoods that better illuminate ecological function of phenomena under study.

关键词： spatial weights spatial analysis spatial ecology hot spots topography

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Polymeric foams for flexible and highly sensitive low-pressure capacitive sensors

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npj Flexible Electronics 2019年第1期3卷 72-77页

作者： Mickaël Pruvost Wilbert J.Smit cécile Monteux Philippe Poulin Annie colin chimie Biologie Innovation ESPCI ParisCNRSPSL University75005 ParisFrance Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle ESPCI ParisCNRSPSL University75005 ParisFrance centre de Recherche Paul Pascal CNRSUniversitéde Bordeaux115 Avenue Schweitzer33600 PessacFrance

Flexible low-pressure sensors(<10 kPa)are required in areas as diverse as blood-pressure monitoring,human–computer interactions,robotics,and object *** applications,it is essential that these sensors combine flexibil... 详细信息

Flexible low-pressure sensors(computer interactions,robotics,and object *** applications,it is essential that these sensors combine flexibility,high sensitivity,robustness,and low production *** works involve surface micro-patterning,electronic amplification(OFET),and ***,these solutions are limited as they involve complex processes,large bias voltages,large energy consumption,or are sensitive to ***,we report a major advance to solve the challenge of scalable,efficient and robust *** present an unconventional capacitive sensor based on composite foam materials filled with conductive carbon black *** to the elastic buckling of the foam pores,the sensitivity exceeds 35 kPa^(−1) for pressureces are one order of magnitude higher than the ones previously *** materials are low-cost,easy to prepare,and display high capacitance values,which are easy to measure using low-cost *** materials pave the road for the implementation of e-skin in commercialized applications.

关键词： computer filled buckling

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The effects of four transplantation methods on five coral species at the Sanya Bay

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2016年第10期35卷 88-95页

作者： ZHANG Yuyang HUANG Hui HUANG Jieying YOU Feng LIAN Jiansheng YANG Jianhui WEN colin K.c. Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China Graduate University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan Chinese Academy of SciencesSanya 572000China Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences Haikou 570100China

coral transplantation is considered as one of the major tools to increase coral abundance for degraded coral *** investigate the effects of various methods and coral species in transplantation, coral fragments（n=902） of five coral species were transplanted by four methods at Luhuitou, the Sanya Bay, Hainan Province, china, where the reef has been over-exploited and is still threatened by human activities and natural disasters. Ten months after the transplant, the average survivorship of the transplanted corals was 45.5%. Methodologies had different effects on the transplanted corals, but none of them was efficacious for all coral species. Methodology could not change the decreasing trend for Montipora foliosa and Acropora hyacinthus, although it did slow down their decline. All transplants of A. hyacinthus and M. foliosa had high mortalities and significant decrease on survival area, while Porites andrewsi and Galaxea fascicularis had lower mortalities and partial mortalities. Only one method had significant effect on increasing survival area of G. fascicularis, same as P. andrewsi. Out of the five transplanted coral species, Pocillopora damicornis was the only species that had living tissue area increase in all applied methods, while the others had decreased live tissue area in one or more methods. The results of this study suggested that performing coral transplantation in a highly threatened area was not efficient unless the threats were diminished or erased. Moreover, proper species selection for coral transplantation is crucial, especially in a disturbed environment. Methodology, although having limited effects on improving results of coral transplantation, cannot compensate the maladjustment of vulnerable species to the stresses on the Luhuitou Reef. coral transplantation on Luhuitou Reef should not be performed unless the stresses are under controlled,and corals with good tolerance to the environment should be considered first.

关键词： coral reef rehabilitation methodology coral transplantation Luhuitou

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Factors affecting visual outcome of myopic choroidal neovascularization treated with verteporfin photodynamic therapy

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2013年第3期6卷 327-330页

作者： colin S. Tan Milton c. chew Kai-Hung Lim Tock-Han Lim National Healthcare Group Eye Institute Tan Tock Seng Hospital Fundus Image Reading center National Healthcare Group Eye Institute

AIM: To evaluate the visual outcomes of choroidal neovascularization (cNV) secondary to pathological myopia and the impact of novel risk factors affecting the final visual outcome. ·METHODS: Interventional case series of 18 consecutive patients with pathological myopia treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT). Inclusion criteria were spherical equivalent -6D or worse or features of pathological myopia on retinal examination. The main outcome measure was final best -corrected visual acuity (BcVA). ·RESULTS: Of 18 eyes, 13 (72.2%) avoided moderate visual loss (≥3 lines of LogMAR BcVA) and 5 eyes (27.8%) improved by at least 1 line after 1 year. Patients with LogMAR BcVA ≤0.3 (Snellen equivalent 20/40) at one year were younger than those with BcVA >0.3 (mean age 39.0 vs 61.6 years, P =0.001). A higher proportion of eyes with greatest linear dimension (GLD) of ≤1 000μm avoided moderate visual loss (100% vs 50%, P =0.026). Among patients who were treated within 2 weeks of visual symptoms, 88.9% avoided the loss of 3 or more lines compared to 55.6% for those who presented later. The mean improvement in LogMAR BcVA of those with GLD ≤1 000μm was +0.12 compared to a loss of 0.55 LogMAR units for those with GLD >1 000μm (P =0.02). Visual outcomes were not associated with gender or refractive error.·cONcLUSION: Good visual outcome in myopic cNV is associated with younger age, smaller lesion size and earlier initiation of treatment. These factors are relevant for ophthalmologists considering treatment options for myopic cNV.

关键词： myopic choroidal neovascularization pathologic myopia photodynamic therapy

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Ecological Status and Uses of Juniper Species in the cold Desert Environment of the Lahaul Valley, North-western Himalaya, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第5期9卷 676-686页

作者： Yashwant S.RAWAT colin S.EVERSON School of Agricultural Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-Natal

The juniper species Juniperus polycarpos c. Koch, J. indica Bertol. and J. communis L. var. saxatilis （Pallas） are important elements of the forest vegetation in Lahaul valley in the north-western Himalaya. Their ability to grow under the barren and xeric conditions of cold deserts makes them particularly suited for afforestation programmes under these eeologieal conditions. In the Lahaul valley, juniper species are used as subsistence resources and for religious purposes. Excessive removal of juniper wood and leaves by the local population, overgrazing, habitat fragmentation and low regeneration potential are the main obstacles to eonservation of juniper forests in this region. The present study was carried out to assess density, basal area and importance value index （WI） of the local vegetation as well as uses and amounts of juniper wood and leaves removed from the local forests. Pressure on relict juniper forests due to grazing animals and intensive removal of wood and leaves by the loeal population was found to be greater at an altitude above 3,00o m. The results of the study demonstrated that the different juniper speeies were adapted to specific altitude ranges. A higher species density was recorded at lower altitude except for J. indica which was only present at high altitude （〉3,200 m） on south-facing slopes. Density, basal area and IVI of J. polycarpos were higher at Hinsa （2,7oo m） than at Jahlma （3,000 m）. The rapid loss of vegetation due to overuse and habitat degradation has made the eonservation of juniper forests an important priority in the Lahaul valley. J. polycarpos at loweraltitude and J. indica at higher altitude are ecologically the more suitable species for the successful implementation of conservation programmes. The support of rehabilitation programmes by regional authorities is essential for the reestablishment of the local juniper forests.

关键词： Juniper Distribution Utilization Pattern Agroforestry Forest conservation

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Heterogeneity in agricultural households and transition paths in southern Tibet

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第5期19卷 1386-1403页

作者： ZHANG Jing BROWN colin WALDRON Scott YADAV Lava ZHUOGA De-qing School of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry SciencesLhasa 850002China

Smallholder livelihoods in agricultural areas in Tibet Autonomous Region,china(Tibet for short)have traditionally been based on subsistence mixed crop-livestock *** many parts of china and the developing world,rural Tibet is undergoing rapid change in agricultural development,boosted by links with the off-farm ***,the agricultural transition process in Tibet has not been linear,is affected by policies particular to the region,and varies significantly for different categories of rural *** paper analyses heterogeneity of household types in agricultural areas of southern Tibet and how household structures and characteristics result in different agricultural development *** is drawn from a stratified random survey of 144 households in three townships in southern Tibet and analysed through three methods:cluster analysis,bio-economic modelling,and analysis of household perceptions and attitudes to *** analysis allows for the identification of three key household types-semisubsistence,pluriactive and semi-commercial-organised along a continuum of intensification,commercialisation,specialisation and *** study demonstrates the diversity of household farming systems in Tibet which in turn highlights the need for disaggregated analysis and tailored development policies and ***,the analysis also reveals commonalities in development paths between groups,where all farm types are more interested in pursuing income and livelihood goals through an increase in productivity than through an increase in *** in all systems choose to retain agriculture as a base from which to pursue livelihood strategies,especially through off-farm *** for this household heterogeneity is important on several ***,it provides more granular detail on the process of development in rural areas of Tibet that have been very difficult to access in English literature especially in recent ***,the c

关键词： Tibet Households Farming systems Agricultural transition

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Next generation patient-derived prostate cancer xenograft models

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第3期16卷 407-412页

作者： Dong Lin Hui Xue Yuwei Wang Rebecca Wu Akira Watahiki Xin Dong Hongwei cheng Alexander W Wyatt colin c collins Peter W Gout Yuzhuo Wang The Vancouver Prostate centre Vancouver Genera Hospital Vancouver Department of Experimental Therapeutics British Columbia Cancer Agency Vancouver Department of Urologic Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver. British Columbia. Canada.

There is a critical need for more effective therapeutic approaches for prostate cancer. Research in this area, however, has been seriously hampered by a lack of clinically relevant, experimental in vivo models of the disease. This review particularly focuses on the development of prostate cancer xenograft models based on subrenal capsule grafting of patients＇ tumor tissue into nonobese diabetic/ severe combined immunodeficient （NOD/ ScID） mice. This technique allows successful development of transplantable, patient-derived cancer tissue xenograft lines not only from aggressive metastatic, but also from localized prostate cancer tissues. The xenografts have been found to retain key biological properties of the original malignancies, including histopathological and molecular characteristics, tumor heterogeneity, response to androgen ablation and metastatic ability. As such, they are highly clinically relevant and provide valuable tools for studies of prostate cancer progression at cellular and molecular levels, drug screening for personalized cancer therapy and preclinical drug efficacy testing; especially when a panel of models is used to cover a broader spectrum of the disease. These xenograft models could therefore be viewed as next-generation models of prostate cancer.

关键词： effective therapeutic patient-derived xenograft

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Self-cross-Linked Tannin-Aminated Tannin Surface coatings for Particleboard

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第12期11卷 4097-4121页

作者： Bengang Zhang Antonio Pizzi Mathieu Petrissans Anelie Petrissans colin Baptiste LERMAB I.U.T.Hubert CurienUniversity of LorraineÉpinal88000France LERMAB-ENSTIB University of LorraineEpinal88000France

Aminated tannins were prepared by reacting mimosa condensed tannin extract with ammonia yielding the substitution of many,if not all of the tannin hydroxyl groups with–NH_(2)groups.A tannin-aminated tannin(ATT)particleboard coating was then prepared by reacting raw tannin extract with aminated tannin extract and thus cross-linking the two by substituting tannin’s hydroxyl groups with the–NH_(2)groups on the aminated tannin to form–NH-bridges between the *** resulting particleboard coating gave encouraging results when pressed at 180℃for 3 ***,the system in which tannin was reacted/cross-liked with urea(ATU)by a similar amination reaction did not perform as well as the ATT system,and this even when a higher curing temperature and longer hot press time were *** particular its water repellence was worse probably due to the presence of urea and such a system with lower ***,substituting the tannin–OHs with the urea–NH_(2)groups appeared to also take *** gave better results than ATU as regards water repellence and mechanical resistance as shown by the cross cut *** ATT system was shown to be between 95%and 98%*** difference appeared to be due,by TMA analysis,to the much faster formation of the ATT hardened network leading to a better cross-linked polymer *** chemical species formed for both the ATT and ATU system were studied by MALDI ToF and cP MAS^(13)c NMR.

关键词： Biocoatings particleboard aminated tannin cross-linked tannin-aminated tannin tannin-urea cross links water repellence cross cut test MALDI ToF ^(13)c NMR

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