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Multi-enzymes Production Studies in Single Tray Solid State Fermentation with Opened and Closed System

Journal of Life Sciences 2016年第7期10卷 342-356页

作者： Musaalbakri Abdul Manan colin webb Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Centre Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) Persiaran MARDI-UPM 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom

The robustness ofA. awamori and A. oryzae as enzyme producers is exploited in fungal fermentation on agricultural solid waste. High-level production of extracellular glucoamylase, protease, cellulase and xylanase has been achieved. Three different types of ＇waste＇ solids （wheat bran, soybean hulls and rapeseed meal） have been used in studies of solid state fermentation （SSF）. The enzymes could be produced in significant levels by continuously supplying oxygen （02） through the tray system known as ＂closed＂ and ＂opened＂ tray systems. A perforated tray system was developed in this study that permits direct access to 02. Testing the tray system with different perforated mesh aperture sizes in this study did not yield different results in growth performance of A. awamori and A. oryzae. A. awamori and A. oryzae can be very versatile in producing various enzymes with different substrates with different starch, protein, hemiceilulose and cellulose contents. These studies indicate that A. awamori is more suitable for the efficient production of multiple enzymes in the closed system including xylanase and cellulase, while the production of glucoamylase and protease is superior in the opened system. A. oryzae is more suitable for the efficient production of protease and cellulase in the closed system, while the production of protease is more favourable the opened system. A. awamori efficiently consumed starch in wheat bran medium and produced very high glucoamylase activity, and after that, the fungus efficiently produced other enzymes to degrade other complex nutrients such as protein, hemicellulose and cellulose. Meanwhile, A. oryzae efficiently consumed protein in rapeseed meal and produced very high protease activity. The ability of both filamentous fungi, to convert biomass through SSF bioconversion will have a great impact on food and agro-industry in every aspect of life from food and medicine to fuel.

关键词： Tray system solid state fermentation Aspergillus awamori Aspergillus oryzae glucoamylase protease xylanase cellulase.

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Water Retention Value： A Study Model-based by Asperglillus awamori and Aspergillus oryzae Embrace Three Models of Solid Substrate

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Journal of Life Sciences 2016年第8期10卷 420-429页

The goal of this study was to evaluate the water retention value （WRV） of a test solid substrate and a fungal cell in solid state fermentation （SSF）. WRV is the ratio of the weight of water retained after centrifugation under specific conditions by a wet sample to the oven dry weight of the same sample. SSF refers to the microbial fermentation, which takes place in the absence or near absence of free water, thus being close to the natural environment. Many factors are involved in a successful SSF process. In addition to biological parameters, the SSF process is also dependent on physical factors such as WRV. A centrifugal technique has been modified and applied to the evaluation of WRV. Wheat bran, soybean hulls and rapeseed meal were used as model substrate. Aspergillus awamori and Aspergillus oryzae were used as model microorganism. Results revealed that the ability of wheat bran to retain water in the solid substrate is 56% higher than that of soybean hulls and rapeseed meal. In the term of fungal cell, the ability of A. oryzae to retain water in the cells was higher （73% higher） than that ofA. awamori. In addition, through oven method moisture content loss from A. awamori is 46% higher than that from A. oryzae during drying process. Nevertheless, it can be seen that A. oryzae is able to retain water content about 5 times higher than A. awamori. Through this results, we found that WRV varies depending on solid substrates and microorganisms. This initial information can be beneficial in the SSF process to be carried out.

关键词： Water retention value (WRV) solid state fermentation solid substrates Aspergillus awamori Aspergillus oryzae

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Quasi-static simulations of compact polydisperse particle systems

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Particuology 2010年第2期8卷 119-126页

作者： colin Thornton School of Civil Engineering University of Birmingham Birmingham UK

The Discrete Element Method （DEM） was originally devised by Cundail and Strack （1979）, as a technique to examine the micromechanics of granular media with the anticipation that this would lead to more physically reliable continuum theories to describe the quasi-static deformation of granular material such as sand. However, the methodology models the evolution of a system of particles as a dynamic process. Consequently there have been numerous publications of the application of DEM to an increasingly wider variety of problems in many areas of engineering and science. This paper, however, focuses on the orig- inal motivation for DEM and attempts to provide a state-of-the-art understanding of the quasi-static deformation of granular media. 2009 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Discrete Element MethodQuasi-static deformationGranular media

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Incident prevention tools-incident investigations and pre-job safety analyses

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第4期27卷 635-640页

作者： Morrish colin Chartered Safety & Health Practitioner 137 Sea Road Westgate-on-Sea UK

Careful and thorough incident investigations and pre-job safety analyses completed by knowledgeable and competent individuals can significantly reduce workplace incidents. Working parties must act together to make these safety tools effective. To get the staff units to work together in a co-ordinated manner, they must be shown the value of their work in preventing accidents. Examples of actual accidents investigated during the author's 18 years as a mine inspector in Saskatchewan are discussed within the context of pre-job safety analyses. The causes of the accidents are explored with close reference to how pre-job safety analyses could have prevented their occurrence.

关键词： Accident prevention Incident investigations Pre-job safety analysis Directives Working parties Behaviour change whee Actual cases

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Pilot plants of membrane technology in industry:Challenges and key learnings

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020年第3期14卷 305-316页

作者： colin A.Scholes Peter Cook Centre for Carbon Capture and Storage Research Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneVIC3010Australia

Membrane technology holds great potential in gas separation applications,especially carbon dioxide capture from industrial *** achieve this potential,the outputs from global research endeavours into membrane technologies must be trialled in industrial processes,which requires membrane-based pilot *** pilot plants are critical to the commercialization of membrane technology,be it as gas separation membranes or membrane gas-solvent contactors,as failure at the pilot plant level may delay the development of the technology for ***,the author reports on his experience of operating membrane-based pilot plants for gas separation and contactor configurations as part of three industrial carbon capture initiatives:the Mulgrave project,H3 project and Vales Point ***,the challenges of developing and operating membrane pilot plants are presented,as well as the key learnings on how to successfully manage membrane pilot plants to achieve desired performance *** purpose is to assist membrane technologists in the carbon capture field to achieve successful outcomes for their technology innovations.

关键词： membrane gas separation membrane contactors carbon capture pilot plants key learnings

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A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2021年第2期9卷 41-126页

作者： colin N.Danson Malcolm White John R.M.Barr Thomas Bett Peter Blyth David Bowley Ceri Brenner Robert J.Collins Neal Croxford A.E.Bucker Dangor Laurence Devereux Peter E.Dyer Anthony Dymoke-Bradshaw Christopher B.Edwards Paul Ewart Allister I.Ferguson John M.Girkin Denis R.Hall David C.Hanna Wayne Harris David I.Hillier Christopher J.Hooker Simon M.Hooker Nicholas Hopps Janet Hull David Hunt Dino A.Jaroszynski Mark Kempenaars Helmut Kessler Sir Peter L.Knight Steve Knight Adrian Knowles Ciaran L.S.Lewis Ken S.Lipton Abby Littlechild John Littlechild Peter Maggs Graeme P.A.Malcolm OBE Stuart P.D.Mangles William Martin Paul McKenna Richard O.Moore Clive Morrison Zulfikar Najmudin David Neely Geoff H.C.New Michael J.Norman Ted Paine Anthony W.Parker Rory R.Penman Geoff J.Pert Chris Pietraszewski Andrew Randewich Nadeem H.Rizvi Nigel Seddon MBE Zheng-Ming Sheng David Slater Roland A.Smith Christopher Spindloe Roy Taylor Gary Thomas John W.G.Tisch Justin S.Wark colin webb S.Mark Wiggins Dave Willford Trevor Winstone AWE Aldermaston ReadingUK Oxford Centre for High Energy Density Science Department of PhysicsClarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Intertial Fusion Studies Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondonUK Formerly of Electrox LetchworthUK Formerly of Central Laser Facility Rutherford LaboratoryDidcotUK Formerly of Ferranti Defence Systems LincolnUK Leonardo EdinburghUK Retired AWEReadingUK Formerly of AWE ReadingUK Formerly of Laser Lines Ltd BanburyUK Formerly of Optilas Ltd Milton KeynesUK Retired Pro-Lite TechnologyCranfieldUK Specialised Imaging Ltd PitstoneUK Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUK Magna-Power Electronics Ltd ReadingUK DeBe Lasers Needham Laser TechnologiesWhitchurchUK Blackett Laboratory Imperial College LondonLondonUK SPIE Europe CardiffUK Professor Emeritus(Physics) University of HullKingston upon HullUK Kentech Instruments Ltd WallingfordUK Department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Professor Emeritus Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK Department of Physics Durham UniversityDurhamUK Professor Emeritus(Photonics) Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghUK Professor Emeritus University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Optical Surfaces Ltd KenleyUK JEH Lasers Ltd RugbyUK Scottish Universities Physics Alliance Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK ITER Organization Saint-Paul-lez-DuranceFrance Manx Precision Optics Ltd BallasallaUK Laser Lines Ltd BanburyUK Elliot Scientific Ltd MetroTest Scientific GroupHarpendenUK Centre for Plasma Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUK Retired Founderand former MDRofin-Sinar UK LtdHullUK Heraeus Noblelight Ltd CambridgeUK Mirli Books ChelmsfordUK M Squared Lasers Ltd GlasgowUK University of Hertfordshire HatfieldUK E&EO UK Ltd Barton-upon-HumberUK Department of Physics University of YorkYorkUK IC Optical Systems Ltd BeckenhamUK Laser Micromachining Ltd St AsaphUK MBDA UK Ltd Brist

The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by *** of Hughes Research Laboratories,*** laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials,operating at different *** the UK,academia,industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of *** historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology,the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years.

关键词： high-power lasers history United Kingdom

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Systematics of the Artiodactyla of China in the 21st century

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Zoological Research 2016年第3期37卷 119-125页

作者： colin Groves School of Archaeology & Anthropology Australian National University Canberra ACT 2600 Australia. colin.groves@anu.edu.au.

In this paper, I have introduced the concept of the Evolutionary Species, and shown how it affects the taxonomy of the Artiodactyla of China. The ＂traditional＂ taxonomy of the Artiodactyla, which has remained almost unchanged for 100 years, relies on ill-formulated notions of species and subspecies, only slightly modified by the population-thinking of the 1930s. Species are populations （or metapopu- lations） differentiated by the possession of fixed heritable differences from other such populations （or metapopulations）. In the Artiodactyla, there are many more species than ＂traditionally＂ recognised; this is by no means a drawback, as it enables the units of biodiversity to be identified in a testable fashion, and brings the taxonomy of large mammals into line with that long practised for small mammals. Species are likely to differentiate where there are natural gaps in the distribution of a genus, such as mountain blocks （for example in the genus Budorcas） or otherwise dissected habitat （for example in the genus Cervus）. Natural hybridisation between distinct species is not an uncommon phenomenon, again illustrated well in the genus Cervus, where hybridisation between the elaphus and nippon groups occurs today and evidently occurred in the past, as shown by the distribution of mtDNA.

关键词： Artiodactyla Taxonomy China Evolu-tionary species Phylogenetic species concept

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Eventual Positivity of Hermitian Polynomials and Integral Operators

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2016年第1期37卷 83-94页

作者： colin TAN Department of Mathematics National University of Singapore Block S17 10 Lower Kent Ridge Road Singapore 119076.

Quillen proved that if a Hermitian bihomogeneous polynomial is strictly positive on the unit sphere, then repeated multiplication of the standard sesquilinear form to this polynomial eventually results in a sum of Hermitian squares. Catlin-D'Angelo and Varolin deduced this positivstellensatz of Quillen from the eventual positive-definiteness of an associated integral operator. Their arguments involve asymptotic expansions of the Bergman kernel. The goal of this article is to give an elementary proof of the positive-definiteness of this integral operator.

关键词： Asymptotics Polynomial Positivity

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Late Quaternary clay minerals off Middle Vietnam in the western South China Sea: Implications for source analysis and East Asian monsoon evolution

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第11期50卷 1674-1684页

作者： Christophe colin Laboratoire IDES UMR 8148 CNRS Université de Paris XI Orsay 91405 France

High-resolution clay mineral records combined with oxygen isotopic stratigraphy over the past 450 ka during late Quaternary from Core MD05-2901 off Middle Vietnam in the western South China Sea are re-ported to reconstruct a history of East Asian monsoon evolution. Variations in Illite, chlorite, and kaolinite contents indicate a strong glacial-interglacial cyclicity, while changes in smectite content present a higher frequency cyclicity. The provenance analysis indicates a mixture of individual clay minerals from various sources surrounding the South China Sea. Smectite derived mainly from the Sunda shelf and its major source area of the Indonesian islands. Illite and chlorite originated mainly from the Mekong and Red rivers. Kaolinite was provided mainly by the Pearl River. Spectral analysis of the kaolin-ite/(illite+chlorite) ratio displays a strong eccentricity period of 100 ka, implying the ice sheet-forced win-ter monsoon evolution; whereas higher frequency changes in the smectite content show an ice sheet-forced obliquity period of 41 ka, and precession periods of 23 and 19 ka and a semi-precession period of 13 ka as well, implying the tropical-forced summer monsoon evolution. The winter monsoon evolution is generally in coherence with the glacial-interglacial cyclicity, with intensified winter monsoon winds during glacials and weakened winter monsoon winds during interglacials; whereas the summer monsoon evolution provides an almost linear response to the summer insolation of low latitude in the Northern Hemisphere, with strengthened summer monsoon during higher insolation and weakened summer monsoon during lower insolation. The result suggests that the high-latitude ice sheet and low-latitude tropical factor could drive the late Quaternary evolution of East Asian winter and summer monsoons, respectively, implying their diplex and self-contained forcing mechanism.

关键词： clay minerals,provenance,East Asian monsoon,late Quaternary,Middle Vietnam,South China Sea

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Cybertaxonomy to accomplish big things in aphid systematics

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Insect Science 2014年第3期21卷 392-399页

作者： colin Favret Department of Biological Sciences University of Montreal Biodiversity Centre 4101 rue Sherbrooke est Montreal Quebec Canada

Biodiversity sciences have progressed at such a pace that the taxonomic community has been unable to grow concomitantly to keep up with the influx of biologicaldata. This ＂taxonomic impediment＂ has led some to suggest that taxonomy is no longer pertinent and to the development of methodologies that circumvent the taxonomic *** article does not seek to argue for the importance of taxonomy but rather is a call to the aphid taxonomy community to rise to the challenge by dramatically increasing the volume and comprehensiveness of its output without sacrificing quality. Recent informatics technology allows us to mobilize the 2 most important aphid taxonomy resources： expertsand specimens, both distributed globally. ＂Cyberspecimens,＂ museum specimens digitally rendered at a resolution sufficient for remote identification, and open ＂cybertaxonomic＂tools will allow the international aphid taxonomic community to carry out large, ambitious, projects. The global aphid cybertaxonomy proposed here will serve not only the ends ofresearch aphidologists, but also provide a model for other taxonomic communities to adapt and adopt as we confront both the taxonomic impediment and the taxonomic naysayers.

关键词： Aphididae collection cyberspecimen database museum specimen

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