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Using doubly-Labeled Water to measure Energy Expenditure in an Important Small Ectotherm drosophila melanogaster

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2014年第9期41卷 505-512页

作者： matthew d.W.Piper colin Selman John R.Speakman Linda Partridge Institute of Healthy Ageing Department of GeneticsEvolution and EnvironmentUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWCIE 6BTUK Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative medicine University of Glasgow Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen State Key Laboratory of molecular developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Energy expenditure is a key variable in the study of ageing, and the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster is a model organism that has been used to make step changes in our understanding of the ageing process. Standard methods for measurement of energy expenditure involve placing individuals in metabolic chambers where their oxygen consumption and CO2 production can be quantified. These measurements require separating individuals from any social context, and may only poorly reflect the environment in which the animals normally live. The doubly-labeled water （dLW） method is an isotope-based technique for measuring energy expenditure which overcomes these problems. However, technical challenges mean that the smallest animals this method has been previously applied to weighed 50-200 mg. We overcame these technical challenges to measure energy demands in drosophila weighing 0.78 mg. mass-specific energy expenditure varied between 43 and 65 mW·g^-1. These estimates are considerably higher than estimates using indirect calorimetry of drosophila in small metabolic chambers （around 18 mW·g^-1）. The methodology we have established extends downwards by three orders of magnitude the size of animals that can be measured using dLW. This approach may be of considerable value in future ageing research attempting to understand the genetic and genomic basis of ageing.

关键词： doubly-labeled water Respiration rate Effect of mating status and sex drosophila

A practical multi-lane factor model of bridges based on multi-truck presence considering lane load disparities

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021年第4期15卷 877-894页

作者： Junyong ZHOU colin C.CAPRANI School of Civil Engineering Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou510006China department of Civil Engineering Monash UniversityMelbourne3800Australia

many bridge design specifications consider multi-lane factors(mLFs)a critical component of the traffic load *** multi-lane traffic data generally exhibit significant lane disparities in traffic loads over multiple ***,these disparities are not considered in current *** address this drawback,a multi-coefficient mLF model was developed based on an improved probabilistic statistical approach that considers the presence of multiple *** proposed mLF model and approach were calibrated and demonstrated through an example *** model sensitivity analysis demonstrated the significant influence of lane disparity of truck traffic volume and truck weight distribution on the *** the proposed approach,the experimental site study yielded mLFs comparable with those directly calculated using traffic load *** exclusion of overloaded trucks caused the proposed approach,existing design specifications,and conventional approach of ignoring lane load disparity to generate comparable mLFs,while the mLFs based on the proposed approach were the most *** inclusion of overloaded trucks caused the conventional approach and design specifications to overestimate the mLFs ***,the benefits of the research results to bridge practitioners were discussed.

关键词： bridges multi-lane factor traffic load lane load disparity multi-truck presence weigh-in-motion data

Spinal Analgesia with Intrathecal morphine versus Conventional Analgesia after Laparoscopic Colectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第7期14卷 159-174页

作者： Lionel diyamona manon colin marc Léone Laurent Zieleskiewicz Joseph Nsiala Wilfrid mbombo Rachel mbala Bruno Pastene Chris Nsituavibidila dan Kankonde Gracia Likinda Jean Claude mubenga Khazy Anga Noelly mukuna Christel Isengingo department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care University Clinics of Kinshasa University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Marseilles Nord Hospital Marseille France General Hospital of Kinshasa ex mama Yemo Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Monkole Hospital Centre Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo

Objective: Postoperative pain (POP) following abdominal surgery can vary from a few hours to several days. This acute, unrelieved pain can become chronic, requiring patients to take analgesics on an almost daily basis for comfort. Analgesia using general opioids has many side effects and intrathecal morphine is a good alternative. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intrathecal morphine (ITm) versus conventional analgesia in the management of postoperative pain in colectomy performed by laparoscopic surgery. methods: Cohort study conducted at the Hôpital Nord in marseille, from 01 January to 31 July 2021 in patients aged at least 18 years undergoing anaesthesia for scheduled colectomy by laparoscopic surgery. The primary endpoint was postoperative pain intensity and the secondary endpoints were morphine consumption, treatment side effects and length of hospital stay. Statistical analysis was performed using XLSTAT software. Results: We included 193 patients: 131 in the control group (conventional analgesia) and 62 in the ITm group. We observed: a significant decrease in pain (assessed by numerical scale) in favour of the ITm group in the post-anaesthetic care room, i.e. 3 (±4) vs 1 (±2), p 0 and H2: 2 (±2) vs. 1 (±2);p Conclusion: These results suggest that intrathecal morphine (ITm) in laparoscopic colectomy provides effective postoperative analgesia with low morphine consumption, and a reduction in morphine side-effects compared with conventional analgesia.

关键词： Intrathecal morphine Colectomy Laparoscopy Conventional Analgesia

Paleoclimate and Paleoenvironment of Gonghe Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, during the Lastdeglacial: Weathering, Erosion and Vegetation Cover Affect Clay mineral Formation

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第2期88卷 647-660页

作者： SUN Qingfeng Christophe colin Faculty of Geography Northwest Normal University Laboratoire des Interactions et dynamique des Environnements de Surface (IdES) UMR 8148CNRS Université de Paris-Sud

With the analysis of the sources and formation mechanism of the clay minerals in the sediment core from the dalianhai lake in the Gonghe Basin,northeastern Tibet-Qinghai Plateau,clay mineral composition proxies,grain-size and carbonate contents have been employed for high-resolution study in order to reconstruct East Asian Summer monsoon （EASm） over the northeastern Tibet-Qinghai Plateau during the *** study also extended to establish a relationship between vegetation cover changes and erosion during the last 14.5 ka with pollen record and clay mineral ***/kaolinite and smectite/（illite＋chlorite） ratios allow us to assess hydrolysis conditions in lowlands and/or physical erosion process in highlands of the Gonghe *** 12.9 Cal ka BP,both mineralogical ratios show low values indicative of strong physical erosion in the basin with a dominant cold and dry *** 12.9 Cal ka BP,an increase in both mineralogical ratios indicates enhanced chemical weathering in the basin associated with a warm and humid *** beginning of Holocene is characterized by high smectite/（illite＋chlorite） and smectite/kaolinite ratios that is synchronous as with deposition of many peat laminae,implying the best warm and humid conditions specifically between 8.0 to 5.5 Cal ka *** time interval after 5.0 Cai ka BP is characterized by a return to high physical erosion and low chemical weathering with dry climate conditions in the *** variations of clay mineral assemblages with previous pollen results,we observe a rapid response in terms of chemical weathering and physical erosion intensity to a modification of the vegetation cover in the basin.

关键词： clay minerals vegetation Gonghe Basin Tibet-Qinghai Plateau Asian monsoon Holocene

Population increase and changes in behavior and morphology in the Critically Endangered Redonda ground lizard(Pholidoscelis atratus)following the successful removal of alien rats and goats

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第3期16卷 379-389页

作者： colin m.d.nihue Jennifer C.dALTRY Shanna CHALLENGER Anthony HERREL UmR 7179 C.N.R.S/m.N.H.N. Département Adaptations du VivantParisFrance department of Biology Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMissouriUSA Fauna&Flora International David Attenborough BuildingPembroke StreetCambridgeUK department of Environment St.John’sAntigua Environmental Awareness Group St.John’sAntigua

Redonda is a small volcanic Caribbean island that is home to at least 4 endemic lizard species,including the Critically Endangered ground lizard(Pholidoscelis atratus).Black rats(Rattus rattus)and domestic goats(Capra hircus)were introduced to the island at some time after its discovery by Europeans in the late *** had a devastating effect on the island,resulting in the loss of nearly all trees and most of the ground *** count surveys of *** in 2012 indicated low densities,and the invasive rats were observed hunting and preying on the *** populations of rats and goats were successfully removed in 2017 as part of an ecological restoration program,and native vegetation and invertebrate populations have increased rapidly *** surveys in 2017,2018,and 2019 show the lizard population has increased by more than *** 2017,as rats and goats were being removed,we evaluated the morphology and escape behavior of this species and repeated these measurements 1 year *** observed that *** had become bolder,with a reduced flight *** also detected changes in limb morphology related to locomotion and suggest possible explanations that will need to be further investigated in the *** results show how the removal of invasive species can rapidly affect lizard population recovery and behavior,potentially restoring island ecosystems to their pre-human interference dynamics.

关键词： Antigua and Barbuda Caribbean conservation endangered species invasive alien species island biology Lesser Antilles pest removal

A review of hydrogen technologies and engineering solutions for railway vehicle design and operations

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Railway Engineering Science 2021年第3期29卷 212-232页

作者： Yan Sun m.Anwar N.m.S.Hassan maksym Spiryagin colin Cole Centre for Railway Engineering Central Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQLDAustralia

Interest in hydrogen-powered rail vehicles has gradually increased worldwide over recent decades due to the global pressure on reduction in greenhouse gas emissions,technology availability,and multiple options of power *** the past,research and development have been primarily focusing on light rail and regional trains,but the interest in hydrogen-powered freight and heavy haul trains is also *** review shows that some technical feasibility has been demonstrated from the research and experiments on proof-of-concept *** rail vehicles powered by hydrogen either are currently operating or are the subject of experimental *** paper identifies that fuel cell technology is well developed and has obvious application in providing electrical traction power,while hydrogen combustion in traditional IC engines and gas turbines is not yet well *** need for on-board energy storage is discussed along with the benefits of energy management and control systems.

关键词： Hydrogen Fuel cells Hybrid power Rail vehicles Greenhouse gas emissions

Polistes metricus queens exhibit personality variation and behavioral syndromes

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 45-52页

作者： colin m. WRIGHT Trevor d. HYLANd Amanda S. IZZO donna R.mCdERmOTT Elizabeth A. TIBBETTS Jonathan N. PRUITT department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of California at Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA department of Wildlife Fish and Conservation Biology University of California at Davis Davis CA 95616 USA Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1048 USA

Consistent differences in behavior between individuals, otherwise known as animal personalities, have become a staple in behavioral ecology due to their ability to explain a wide range of phenomena. Social organisms are especially serviceable to animal personality techniques because they can be used to explore behavioral variation at both the individual and group level. despite the suc- cess of personality research in social organisms generally, and social Hymenoptera in particular, social wasps （Vespidae） have received little to no attention in the personality literature. In the pre- sent study, we test Polistes metricus （Vespidae; Polistinae） paper wasp queens for the presence of repeatable variation in, and correlations （＂behavioral syndromes＂） between, several commonly used personality metrics： boldness, aggressiveness, exploration, and activity. Our results indicate that P. metricus queens exhibit personalities for all measured traits and correlations between differ- ent behavioral measures. Given that paper wasps have served as a model organism for a wide range of phenomena such as kin selection, dominance hierarchies, mate choice, facial recognition, social parasitism, and chemical recognition, we hope that our results will motivate researchers to explore whether, or to what degree, queen personality is important in their research programs.

关键词： behavioral syndromes personality social insects temperament wasps.

Coupler force and fatigue assessments with stochasticdraft gear frictions

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2023年第1期10卷 1-12页

作者： Qing Wu colin Cole maksym Spiryagin Centre for Railway Engineering Central Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQLD 4701Australia

Train dynamics and component fatigue assessments are important steps towards successful operations of long heavy haul *** train dynamics(LTd)simulation is an effective and efficient approach in this *** gear friction has been known to have a strong stochastic ***,relevant train dynamics simulations have not been reported in open *** paper uses experimental data to extract the stochastic feature of draft gear *** stochastic feature is then introduced into LTd *** force and fatigue damage assessments were conducted by simulating a heavy haul train that has 244 vehicles and weighs nearly 30,000 *** results show that average in-train force variations due to stochastic friction were 55 and 40 kN for the traction and air brake cases respectively;maximum force variations were 207 and 98 kN for the traction and air brake cases *** fatigue calculations are even more sensitive to stochastic draft gear friction;the largest variations can be up to 700 times different due to the strong nonlinearity of fatigue calculation *** friction is an unavoidable nature in friction draft *** using stochastic draft gear friction can deliver results that are more robust and reliable.

关键词： Stochastic friction draft gear Train dynamics Coupler fatigue Laboratory testing

Hoare logic-based genetic programming

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2011年第3期54卷 623-637页

作者： JOHNSON colin G. Computing Laboratory University of Kent

Almost all existing genetic programming systems deal with fitness evaluation solely by testing. In this paper, by contrast, we present an original approach that combines genetic programming with Hoare logic with the aid of model checking and finite state automata, henceby proposing a brand new verification-focused formal genetic programming system that makes it possible to evolve reliable programs with mathematically-verified properties.

关键词： genetic programming program verification Hoare logic model checking finite state automata