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Feasibility and metabolic effects of a 5:2 fasting intervention in women with breast cancer during radiotherapy

Holistic Integrative Oncology 2023年第1期2卷 373-384页

作者： Rainer j.Klement jerome Figueroa Michael Weigel colin E.Champ Sami Ok Reinhart A.Sweeney Department of Radiation Oncology Leopoldina HospitalRobert-Koch-Strasse 10Schweinfurt 97422Germany Central Emergency Department Leopol-dina HospitalSchweinfurtGermany Department of Obstetrics and Gynae-cology Leopoldina HospitalSchweinfurtGermany Department of Radiation Oncology and the Exercise Oncology and Resiliency Center Allegheny Health NetworkPittsburghPAUSA

Purpose Obesity and insulin resistance appear to worsen prognosis of breast cancer *** conducted a feasibility study to test a 5:2 fasting regime in breast cancer patients undergoing *** intervention was rated as beneficial if it would be able to reduce fat mass while significantly improving insulin *** A total of 13 non-metastatic breast cancer patients were recruited and instructed to completely abstain from food on two non-consecutive days(minimum 24 h)per week during *** composition was measured weekly by bioimpedance *** parameters were assessed before and at the end of *** product of triglycerides and glucose was used as a proxy for insulin sensitivity.A control group on an unspecified standard diet was assigned by propensity score *** A total of twelve patients completed the *** patients reported side effects during fasting which were mild(grade 1).Two patients reported feeling bad while fasting,whereas five had a generally good or very good *** fasting group experienced an average decrease of approximately 200 g body mass(p<0.0001),200 g(p=0.002)fat mass and 100 g muscle mass(p=0.047)per week,resulting in absolute reductions of 2.45±1.19 kg body mass,1.5±1.6 kg fat mass and 0.7±0.4 kg muscle *** was no improvement in insulin sensitivity and other markers of metabolic health except for gamma-glutamyltransferase which decreased by-7±8 U/*** was also no indication that 5:2 fasting protected against acute skin *** 5:2 fasting is safe and feasible for breast cancer patients during radiotherapy and suitable to significantly reduce fat mass,but beneficial metabolic effects could not be *** improve these results,future studies could combine 5:2 fasting with carbohydrate restriction,increased protein intake and/or exercise.

关键词： Calorie restriction Intermittent fasting Ketogenic diet Nutrition and cancer

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计算机科学基础

计算机科学基础

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作者： A.j.T.·科林(A.j.T. colin)

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一种不模糊的脉冲多普勒雷达信息处理方法

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电子技术选译 1978年第2期 35-38页

作者： j.M.colin 周

RACINE(非等距脉冲相干雷达)方法,是为避免当发射等距及波形相同的脉冲信号时产生回波信号模糊而发展起来的。为了在发射非等距脉冲信号时消除杂乱回波及提供匹配滤波,已研制出新的信息处理机,这是鉴于快速傅利叶变换及惯用的数字滤波... 详细信息

RACINE(非等距脉冲相干雷达)方法,是为避免当发射等距及波形相同的脉冲信号时产生回波信号模糊而发展起来的。为了在发射非等距脉冲信号时消除杂乱回波及提供匹配滤波,已研制出新的信息处理机,这是鉴于快速傅利叶变换及惯用的数字滤波器在这方面已不起作用。经地面及机上测试证实了的理论分析结果表明,利用这种新方法能消除速度模糊,而付杂波能见度因数仍跟发射等距脉冲信号时一样。一个重要的结果是,不模糊径向速度相当于比平均脉冲重复频率高得多的多普勒频率。

关键词：多普勒频率能见度因数双路动目标匹配滤波器诺斯滤波器傅利叶变换模糊函数对消器杂波信息处理机脉冲重复频率多普勒模糊

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一种新的多普勒雷达信息处理装置

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系统工程与电子技术 1980年第6期 35-40页

作者： j.M.colin 方松柏

一引言中央通信实验室(LCT)研究和实现以多普勒效应为基础的雷达,特别是用于地面警戒方面的雷达,已有多年了。在这种雷达里,把脉冲相干发射机和采用多普勒滤波器及距离波门的接收机结合起来,使可见度系数得以提高,典型情况下约为40... 详细信息

一引言中央通信实验室(LCT)研究和实现以多普勒效应为基础的雷达,特别是用于地面警戒方面的雷达,已有多年了。在这种雷达里,把脉冲相干发射机和采用多普勒滤波器及距离波门的接收机结合起来,使可见度系数得以提高,典型情况下约为40分贝。从而对地面活动目标的作用距离可达30公里。

关键词：多普勒滤波器波门信息率信息处理装置舷门多普勒雷达固定回波作用距离地面警戒雷达

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这是心脏病发作吗? 肌钙蛋白阳性的急性冠脉综合征或心肌梗死

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英国医学杂志中文版 2003年第1期6卷 8-10页

作者： Charles j McKenna j colin Forfar 刘靖 international fellow. consultant cardiologist.Department of Cardiology John Radcliffe HospitalOxford OX3 9DU

世界卫生组织(WHO)关于急性心肌梗死的经典定义要求符合下述三条标准中至少两条:有典型的缺血性胸部不适症状;心电图进行性改变,包括Q波形成;磷酸肌酶高于正常上限的两倍。尽管定义很明确,但许多心肌梗死的患者仍未被包含在内。近来,采... 详细信息

世界卫生组织(WHO)关于急性心肌梗死的经典定义要求符合下述三条标准中至少两条:有典型的缺血性胸部不适症状;心电图进行性改变,包括Q波形成;磷酸肌酶高于正常上限的两倍。尽管定义很明确,但许多心肌梗死的患者仍未被包含在内。近来,采用血清心脏肌钙蛋白水平诊断小量心肌坏死的进展,促使人们对心肌梗死重新定义。这将会使更多的心肌梗死患者得以诊断并改善预后。

关键词：心电图心脏病肌钙蛋白阳性急性冠脉综合征心肌梗死

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2006年第6期2卷 42-43页

作者： Kempe A. Daley M. F. barrow j. 王经纬(译) Children's Hospital 1056E 19th Ave B032 Denver CO80218 United States 不详

Background. An Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices policy of encouraging influenza vaccination for healthy 6-to 23-month-old children was in effect during the 2003-2004 influenza season,which was unusually severe in Colorado. We collaborated with 5 pediatric practices to attempt universal influenza immunization in this age group. Objectives. The objectives were (1) to assess the maximal influenza immunization rates that could be achieved for healthy young children in private practice settings, (2) to evaluate the efficacy of registry-based reminderrecall for influenza vaccination, and (3) to describe methods used by private practices to implement the recommendations. Methods. The study was conducted in 5 private pediatric practices in Denver, Colorado, with a common billing system and immunization registry. Although recommendations by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices included children who were 6 to 23 months of age at any point during the influenza season, our practices chose not to recall children 22 to 23 months of age, because they would have become > 24 months of age during the study period. Therefore, our study population consisted of all healthy children 6 to 21 months of age from the 5 practices (N = 5193), who were randomized to intervention groups (n = 2595) that received up to 3 reminderrecall letters or to control groups (n = 2598) that received usual care. The primary outcome was receipt of ≥1 influenza immunization, as noted either in the immunization registry or in billing data. Results. Immunization rates for ≥1 dose of influenza vaccine for the intervention groups in the 5 practices were 75.9%, 75.4%, 68.1%, 55.6%, and 44.3%at the end of the season. Overall, 62.4%of children in the intervention groups and 58.0%of children in the control groups were immunized (4.4%absolute difference), with absolute differences, compared with control values, ranging from 1.0%to 9.1%according to practice. However, before intensive media coverag

关键词：流感疫苗免疫接种健康儿童低龄儿童对照试验研究登记资料通用私人诊所顾问委员会随机

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Extremely low-volume, high-intensity interval training improves exercise capacity and increases mitochondrial protein content in human skeletal muscle

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Open journal of Molecular and Integrative Physiology 2013年第4期3卷 202-210页

作者： jasmin K. Ma Trisha D. Scribbans Brittany A. Edgett j. colin Boyd Craig A. Simpson jonathan P. Little Brendon j. Gurd Department of Emergency Medicine Kingston General Hospital Kingston Canada Department of Health and Social Development University of British Columbia Okanagan Kelowna Canada Department of Kinesiology Queen’s University Kingston Canada

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whole-muscle content of several proteins involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial protein content and anaerobic capacity following 4 weeks of extremely low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIT). Methods: Young, healthy, recreationally active adult males (n = 8) trained 4 times a week for 4 weeks on a cycle ergometer. Each session involved 4 min of total exercise comprised of eight 20 s intervals at ~170% of peak aerobic power separated by 10 s rest. Muscle biopsies were taken prior to (pre) and ~72 hrs post-training (post). Par- ticipants completed an incremental peak oxygen up- take (VO2peak) test and a Wingate test pre-, mid-, and post-training. Results: VO2peak was elevated (p p < 0.05) and post-training (pre: 40.5 ± 3.8 ml·kg-1·min-1, mid: 43.4 ± 2.5 ml·kg-1·min-1, post-: 47.2 ± 2.9 ml·kg-1·min-1). Wingate mean power also increased with training (pre-: 701.0 ± 73.0 W, mid-: 745.5 ± 73.3 W, post-: 786.8 ± 80.0 W). While maximal citrate synthase activity was unchanged, protein expression of the mitochondrial protein cytochrome c oxidase (COX) subunit I (+27%;p p p = 0.08) increased. Increases (p α (+19%), and nuclear PGC-1α (+46%) were also observed after 4 weeks of HIT. No changes were observed in the whole-muscle contents of PDHe1a, PDK4, SIRT1, mTOR, S6K1, MCT1, or PFK protein. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that several mitochondrial protein (but not citrate synthase activity), PGC-1α protein content, and exercise capacity can be improved in only 4 min of total training time per day, 4 days per wk using HIT cycle training.

关键词： PGC-1α Mitochondrial Biogenesis High-Intensity Interval Training SIRT1 Aerobic Fitness

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传染病控制的新探索

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中国家禽 2011年第22期33卷 41-41页

作者： P.A.barrow R.j.Atterbury 英国诺丁汉大学

在过去的20年中，人们研究探索了很多控制感染和疾病的新方法，尽管大多仍然处于试验阶段，其中一些有可能在农业一兽医领域开发利用。

关键词：传染病先天免疫反应耐药细菌性疾病蛭弧菌

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FAST discovery of an extremely radio-faint millisecond pulsar from the Fermi-LAT unassociated source 3FGL j0318.1+0252

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2021年第12期64卷 10-17页

作者： Pei Wang Di Li colin j.Clark Pablo M.Saz Parkinson Xian Hou Weiwei Zhu Lei Qian Youling Yue Zhichen Pan Zhijie Liu Xuhong Yu Shanping You Xiaoyao Xie Qijun Zhi Hui Zhang jumei Yao jun Yan Chengmin Zhang Kwok Lung Fan Paul S.Ray Matthew Kerr David A.Smith Peter F.Michelson Elizabeth C.Ferrara David j.Thompson Zhiqiang Shen Na Wang FAST&Fermi-LAT Collaboration CAS Key Laboratory of FAST National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Department of Physics and Laboratory for Space Research University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics University of CaliforniaSanta Cruz CA 95064USA Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650216China Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650216China School of Computer Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Information and Computing Guizhou ProvinceGuizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550001China School of Physics and Electronic Science Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550001China Physics Department Stanford UniversityStanford CA 94305USA UMCP/CRESST/GSFC NASAGreenbeltMaryland MD 20771USA GSFC NASAGreenbeltMaryland MD 20771USA Centre d’´Etudes Nucl´eaires de Bordeaux Gradignan IN2P3/CNRSUniversit´e BordeauxGradignan 33175France Space Science Division U.S.Naval Research LaboratoryWashington DC 20375-5352USA Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Urumqi 830011China Department of Physics University of MarylandCollege Park MD 20742USA NAOC-UKZN Computational Astrophysics Centre University of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4000South Africa 不详

High sensitivity radio searches of unassociated γ-ray sources have proven to be an effective way of finding new pulsars. Using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST) during its commissioning phase, we have carried out a number of targeted deep searches of Fermi Large Area Telescope(LAT) γ-ray sources. On February 27, 2018 we discovered an isolated millisecond pulsar(MSP), PSR j0318+0253, coincident with the unassociated γ-ray source 3 FGL j0318.1+0252. PSR j0318+0253 has a spin period of 5.19 ms, a dispersion measure(DM) of 26 pc cm-3 corresponding to a DM distance of about 1.3 kpc, and a period-averaged flux density of(~11±2) μjy at L-band(1.05-1.45 GHz). Among all high energy MSPs, PSR j0318+0253 is the faintest ever detected in radio bands, by a factor of at least ~4 in terms of L-band fluxes. With the aid of the radio ephemeris, an analysis of 9.6 years of Fermi-LAT data revealed that PSR j0318+0253 also displays strong γ-ray pulsations. Follow-up observations carried out by both Arecibo and FAST suggest a likely spectral turn-over around 350 MHz. This is the first result from the collaboration between FAST and the Fermi-LAT teams as well as the first confirmed new MSP discovery by FAST, raising hopes for the detection of many more MSPs. Such discoveries will make a significant contribution to our understanding of the neutron star zoo while potentially contributing to the future detection of gravitational waves, via pulsar timing array(PTA) experiments.

关键词： FAST pulsar radio gamma rays

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Tropical forest canopies and their relationships with climate and disturbance： results from a global dataset of consistent field-based measurements

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第1期5卷 77-90页

作者： marion pfeifer alemu gonsamo william woodgate luis cayuela andrew r.marshall alicia ledo timothy c.e.paine rob marchant andrew burt kim calders colin courtney-mustaphi aida cuni-sanchez nicolas j.deere dereje denu jose gonzalez de tanago robin hayward alvaro lau manuel j.macía pieter i.olivier petri pellikka hamidu seki deo shirima rebecca trevithick beatrice wedeux charlotte wheeler pantaleo k.t.munishi thomas martin abdul mustari philip j.platts school of natural and environmental sciences newcastle universityUpon TyneNewcastle NE1 7RUUK department of geography and planning university of torontoONCanada land and water commonwealth scientific and industrial research organisationYarralumlaACTAustralia school of mathematical and geospatial sciences rmit universityGPO Box 2476VMelbourneVIC 3001Australia department of biology geologyphysics and inorganic chemistryuniversidad rey juan carlosE-28933 MostolesMadridSpain tropical forest and peopleresearch centre university of the sunshine coastsippy DownsAustralia environment department university of yorkYorkUK flamingo land ltd. MaltonUK the institute of biological and environmental sciences environmental modelling groupuniversity of aberdeenAberdeenUK biological and environmental sciences university of stirlingStirling FK9 4L AUK york institute for tropical ecosystems environment departmentuniversity of yorkYork YO10 5NGUK department of geography university college londonGower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTUK earth observation climate and optical groupnational physical laboratoryHampton RoadTeddingtonMiddlesex TW11 0LWUK department of archaeology and ancient history uppsala universitetP.O.Box 256-751 05 UppsalaSESweden center for macroecology evolution and climateuniversity of copenhagenUniversitetsparken 152100 CopenhagenDKDenmark durrell institute of conservation and ecology(dice) school of anthropology and conservationuniversity of kentCanterbury CT2 7NRUK department of biology college of natural sciencesjimma universityJimmaEthiopia wageningen university&research laboratory of geo-information science and remote sensingDroevendaalsesteeg 36708 PB Wageningenthe Netherlands center for international forestry research(cifor) Situ GedeSindang BarangBogor 16680Indonesia departamento de biología área de botánicauniversidad autónoma de madridcalle Darwin 2-28049 MadridESSpain conservation ecology research unit university of pretoriaHatfieldPretoriaSouth Af

Background： Canopy structure, defined by leaf area index （LAI）, fractional vegetation cover （FCover） and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation （fAPAR）, regulates a wide range of forest functions and ecosystem services. Spatially consistent field-measurements of canopy structure are however lacking, particularly for the tropics. Methods： Here, we introduce the Global LAI database： a global dataset of field-based canopy structure measurements spanning tropical forests in four continents （Africa, Asia, Australia and the Americas）. We use these measurements to test for climate dependencies within and across continents, and to test for the potential of anthropogenic disturbance and forest protection to modulate those dependences. Results： Using data collected from 887 tropical forest plots, we show that maximum water deficit, defined across the most arid months of the year, is an important predictor of canopy structure, with all three canopy attributes declining significantly with increasing water deficit. Canopy attributes also increase with minimum temperature, and with the protection of forests according to both active （within protected areas） and passive measures （through topography）. Once protection and continent effects are accounted for, other anthropogenic measures （e.g. human population） do not improve the model. Conclusions： We conclude that canopy structure in the tropics is primarily a consequence of forest adaptation to the maximum water deficits historically experienced within a given region. Climate change, and in particular changes in drought regimes may thus affect forest structure and function, but forest protection may offer some resilience against this effect.

关键词： Leaf area index Fractional vegetation cover Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation,Human population pressure Protected areas Drought Climate change

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