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Science Bulletin 2005年第20期 101-107页

作者： SHEN Ji1, WANG Yong1,2, YANG Xiangdong1, ZHANG Enlou1, YANG Bao3 & JI Junfeng4 1. Nanjing institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, china 2. Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, china 3. Key Laboratory of Ice and cold Region Environment, cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, lanzhou 730000, china 4. institute of Surfacial Geochemistry, State Laboratory of Mineral De- posits research, Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210009, china

Sediment cores from desert lakes serve as good records of the frequency and intensity of sandstorms in his- tory. By multi-proxy analysis of grain-size, magnetic suscep- tibility, TOC and Rb/Sr ratio, the paleosandstorm character- istics and lake evolution history in Yulin Area for the past 80 years. are discussed in this article. It is revealed that Hong- jiannao Lake formed in about 1928 A.D. and in its initial stage sandstorms were prevalent with three extremes taking place in 1936 A.D., 1939 A.D. and 1941 A.D.. During the ex- pansion period of 1952―1960 A.D., inflow waters to the lake increased sharply and a lot more weathered materials were carried into the lake. The frequency and intensity of sand- storms have reduced a lot since 1960s and the “double peaks” feature of the grain-size frequency curve has changed into the “single peak” feature. Study on the catchment ecol- ogy of the lake shows that the occurrence of sandstorms has been effectively restrained by the forest plantation and water and soil conservation.

关键词： lacustrine sediment paleosandstorm characteristics lake evolution history Hongjiannao Lake.

新疆哈密八大石森林上限树轮记录的温度变化信息

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山地学报 2009年第4期27卷 402-410页

作者：徐国保刘晓宏陈拓安文玲侯书贵李忠勤中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室

本研究采集新疆哈密地区八大石西伯利亚落叶松森林上限树芯样本,建立标准宽度年表。通过树木年轮-气候响应分析,发现标准年表序列反映了该地生长季(5～9月)的月平均温度及月平均最低温度信息,且该序列与前人的研究结果对比具有较好的一... 详细信息

本研究采集新疆哈密地区八大石西伯利亚落叶松森林上限树芯样本,建立标准宽度年表。通过树木年轮-气候响应分析,发现标准年表序列反映了该地生长季(5～9月)的月平均温度及月平均最低温度信息,且该序列与前人的研究结果对比具有较好的一致性。树轮宽度序列主要反映出了1885年之前以冷期为主,1885年之后以暖期为主,且暖期延续时间变长,20世纪后半期增温的趋势。该序列与天山冰川进退的时间较为一致,同时也发现该序列极值与当地蝗灾具有很好的对应,与亚洲近两百年来的大型火山喷发事件具有很好的一致性,由此可以推测该年表在一定程度上捕捉到了冰川进退、火山事件的环境信息。

关键词：哈密树木年轮标准年表温度

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用VB实现GPS信息处理

微机发展 2003年第11期13卷 28-31,69页

作者：王建宏李新中国科学院寒区旱区工程研究所甘肃兰州730000

读取、保存、显示和回放GPS信息,是GPS应用和信息处理中非常重要的环节。文中在分析GPS的NMEA0183协议标准的基础上,探讨用VB实现GPS信息处理的方法及程序实现。结果表明,该方法可灵活、高效地实现GPS信息处理。

关键词： VB语言 GPS 信息处理全球定位系统计算机通讯协议

Black Carbon Deposition and High Asia Glaciers

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Black Carbon Deposition and High Asia Glaciers

Temperature variation and its driving forces over the Antarctic coastal regions in the past 250 years

强化科技基础推进气象现代化——第29届中国气象学会年会

作者： Jing Ming1, 2, Cunde Xiao2, Zhencai Du3, Xingguo Yang2 1 china National Climate Center (CNCC), Beijing 100081, china 2 State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences (SKLCS), cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, lanzhou 730000, china 3 institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, china

Black carbon (BC) is now concerned as one of the most significant factors impacting environment and climate mainly from anthropogenic activities. One aspect of its impacts is that the accelerated snow and ice in nature when BC is deposited in their surfaces. Since 2000, 18 High Asia glaciers have been surveyed for black carbon deposition 22 times, and numerous snow samples and ice cores have been collected by researchers. However, most of the results were interpreted individually in papers. Here, we assemble the data and discuss the distribution of BC deposition and its impacts on the melting of the glaciers through radiative forcing. We find that BC distribution on the surfaces of High Asia glaciers primarily depends upon their elevations (i.e., higher sites have lower concentrations) and then on regional BC emissions associated with surface melting conditions. BC concentrations in High Asia glaciers are similar to the Arctic and western American mountains but are significantly less than heavy industrialized areas such as northern china. Although Himalayan glaciers, which are important due to their water resources, are directly facing the strong emissions from South Asia, their mean BC is the lowest due to high elevations. A new finding indicated by ice core records suggested great valleys in the eastern Himalayan section are effective pathways for BC entering the Tibetan Plateau and makes increasing BC trends in the local glaciers. On average, BC deposition causes a mean forcing of ～6 W m-2 (roughly estimated 5% of the total forcing) in High Asia glaciers and therefore may not be a major factor impacting the melting of most glaciers.

关键词：

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2002年第4期12卷 379-386页

作者： ZHANG Mingjun1, 2, REN Jiawen2, CHENG Guodong2, LI Zhongqin2,XIAO Cunde2, QIN Dahe2, KANG Jiancheng3, LI Jun4(1. College of Geography and Environment, Northwest Normal University, lanzhou 730070, china 2. cold and arid regions environmental and Eng College of Geography and Environment Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute CAS Lanzhou 730000 Chinese institute of Polar research 上海 200129 Antarctic Cooperation research Center and Australian Antarctic Division 澳大利亚 Hobart

By comparing the oxygen isotopic temperatures recorded by many shallow ice cores from the coastal regions of Antarctica, this paper presents the special characteristics of the temperature variations over the Antarctic coastal regions in the past 50 years, 150 years and 250 years. In the past 50 years, the isotopic temperatures recorded in the ice cores over different sites on the Antarctic coastal regions differ greatly. For instance, although increasing isotopic temperatures have been reported for many sites studied, many sites show decreasing trends, the regional regularity in temperature variations is still insignificant. In the past 150 years, the isotopic temperature trends in the coastal regions of Antarctica show an alternate-distributing pattern. In the past 250 years, all the ice cores from the coastal regions of Antarctica have recorded the so-called Little Ice Age (LIA). The above-mentioned spatial characteristics of the temperature variations over the Antarctic coastal regions are likely to reflect the impacts of the unique Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation, the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW) and the special terrain (such as the large drainage basins) on the coastal regions of Antarctica. Furthermore, the impacting intensity of the unique Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation, the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave and the special terrain differs in terms of the temporal scale of the temperature change.

关键词： Antarctica ice core temperature terrain Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW) circumpolar circulation

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论青藏铁路修筑中的冻土环境保护问题

水文地质工程地质 2002年第4期29卷 14-16,20页

作者：吴青柏施斌南京大学地球科学系地球环境计算工程研究所

本文通过研究已建青藏公路修筑过程中寒区冻土环境和生态环境的破坏特征 ,分析总结了寒区环境破坏对公路工程的影响。青藏公路工程修建活动极大地改变了冻土环境 ,使得多年冻土退化 ,上限加深 ,诱发了一系列冻胀、融沉、热融滑塌等冻融... 详细信息

本文通过研究已建青藏公路修筑过程中寒区冻土环境和生态环境的破坏特征 ,分析总结了寒区环境破坏对公路工程的影响。青藏公路工程修建活动极大地改变了冻土环境 ,使得多年冻土退化 ,上限加深 ,诱发了一系列冻胀、融沉、热融滑塌等冻融灾害 ,使得生态环境原本就很脆弱的寒区环境更加恶化 ,如植被退化、荒漠化等 ,同时 ,冻土环境的破坏也使得工程环境恶化 ,直接影响青藏公路正常交通运输。因此 ,在即将进行的青藏铁路修筑工程中 ,必须深入研究其对冻土环境的影响 ,对冻土环境问题和环境保护应予以足够的重视。

关键词：青藏铁路冻土环境冻融灾害荒漠化冻胀融沉植被退化

Sand harm in Taklimakan Desert highway and sand control

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2003年第1期13卷 45-53页

作者： HAN Zhiwen,WANG Tao,SUN Qingwei,DONG Zhibao,WANG Xunming(Laboratory of Blo wn Sand Physics and Desert Environment, cold and arid regions Environm ental and engineering research institute, CAS, lanzhou 730000, china) Laboratory of Blown Sand Physics and Desert Environment Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute CAS Lanzhou China

Re puted as a wonderful achievement of the world's highway construction h istory, the Taklimakan Desert highway is now facing serious sand drift encroachment problems due to its 447-km-long passage of sand sea consist ing of crescent dunes, barchan chains, compound transverse dune ridges and co mplex megadunes. To solve some technical problems in the protection of the highway from sand drift encroachment, desert experts have been conductin g the theoretical and applied studies on sand movement laws; causes, severities and time-space differentiation of sand drift damages; and control ways in cluding mechanical, chemical and biological measures. In this paper the authors give an overall summary on the research contents and recent progress i n the control of sand drift damages in china and hold that the theoretica l research results and practices in the prevention of sand drift encr oachment on the cross-desert highway represent a breakthrough and has an epoch-making significance. Since the construction of protective forest along the cross-desert highway requires large amount of ground water, what will be its environmental consequence and whether it can effectiv ely halt sand drift encroachment on the highway forever are the questions to be studied urgently.

关键词： Taklimakan Desert cross-desert highway blown sand hazards control technique

土地沙漠化过程的土壤风蚀率指标——以青海共和盆地为例

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水土保持学报 2003年第4期17卷 90-93页

作者：张春来邹学勇董光荣北京师范大学中国沙漠研究中心教育部环境演变与自然灾害重点实验室北京100875 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所兰州730000

由风蚀所导致的土壤物质再分配过程,决定了土地沙漠化的程度。根据半干旱干草原地区不同程度沙漠化土地土壤风蚀率的137Cs示踪结果,沙漠化各个阶段的土壤风蚀率指标为:潜在沙漠化土地以微弱堆积和微度风蚀为特征,风蚀率小于2000kg/(hm2... 详细信息

由风蚀所导致的土壤物质再分配过程,决定了土地沙漠化的程度。根据半干旱干草原地区不同程度沙漠化土地土壤风蚀率的137Cs示踪结果,沙漠化各个阶段的土壤风蚀率指标为:潜在沙漠化土地以微弱堆积和微度风蚀为特征,风蚀率小于2000kg/(hm2·a);轻度沙漠化土地风蚀率介于2000～7000kg/(hm2·a)之间;中度沙漠化土地风蚀率大于7000kg/(hm2·a);重度沙漠化土地风蚀和堆积都很强烈,地表物质交换迅速,没有必要制定风蚀指标。

关键词：土地沙漠化土壤风蚀风蚀率指标青海共和盆地半干旱干草原地区

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祁连山不同植被类型残体碳库贮量研究

山地学报 2007年第6期25卷 714-720页

作者：常宗强冯起司建华苏永红席海洋中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所阿拉善荒漠生态—水文试验研究站中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所阿拉善荒漠生态—水文试验研究站甘肃兰州730000

采用野外调查测定、野外定位研究和室内分析相结合的方法,在植被类型变化较大林区,选择邻近相同海拔、坡向和土壤类型的天然林(青海云杉林、祁连圆柏林、高山灌丛林)、人工林(13 a华北落叶松)、牧坡草地和农田几种植被类型土壤为研究对... 详细信息

采用野外调查测定、野外定位研究和室内分析相结合的方法,在植被类型变化较大林区,选择邻近相同海拔、坡向和土壤类型的天然林(青海云杉林、祁连圆柏林、高山灌丛林)、人工林(13 a华北落叶松)、牧坡草地和农田几种植被类型土壤为研究对象,研究了祁连山不同植被类型残体碳库贮量、组成与形成特征,结果表明:天然林残体碳总贮量为510.09~639.7 gC/m2,农田和草地分别为71.4 gC/m2和169.65 gC/m2,人工林为503.75 gC/m2。天然林地上残体碳年形成量为63.48~485 gC/(m2.a)、地下为267.8~314.3 gC/(m2.a),人工林地上为203.7gC/(m2.a)、地下为187.2 gC/(m2.a),农田地上为47.8 gC/(m2.a)、地下为106.4 gC/(m2.a),草地地上为98.3 gC/(m2.a)、地下为147.3 gC/(m2.a)。在不同植被类型中,从天然林到农田或草地,残体碳库贮量及形成量减小。

关键词：残体碳库贮量粗残体细残体植被类型

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利用TM监测中国西部沙漠化进程

水土保持通报 2004年第4期24卷 47-50页

作者：卫亚星王莉雯王一谋辽宁师范大学城市与环境学院辽宁大连116029 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所甘肃兰州730000

利用陕西省、甘肃省、宁夏回族自治区、青海省、新疆维吾尔自治区和内蒙古自治区西部1986年和2000年的TM数据,通过全数字化解释,得出了土地利用/覆盖在14a内的变化情况。研究工具采用了遥感图像处理软件和地理信息系统软件,通过图像的... 详细信息

利用陕西省、甘肃省、宁夏回族自治区、青海省、新疆维吾尔自治区和内蒙古自治区西部1986年和2000年的TM数据,通过全数字化解释,得出了土地利用/覆盖在14a内的变化情况。研究工具采用了遥感图像处理软件和地理信息系统软件,通过图像的增强、假彩色合成、几何精纠正、镶嵌、分幅,以及图形数据库和属性数据库的建立,分县统计出了6省的TM目视解释结果。土地利用/覆盖采用了3级分类体系,第1级分为耕地、林地、草地、水域、建设用地和未利用土地6大类。2000年,这6省沙漠、沙地和沙漠化土地面积为85425467hm2,占该地区总面积的26%,大多数位于新疆、内蒙古西部、青海和甘肃,新疆最多,为52035232hm2,占全自治区总面积的32%。14a来,6省新增沙漠化土地面积1610062hm2,已沙漠化土地重新被利用面积为291776hm2,净增1318286hm2,占总面积的0.40%。6类土地类型中,草地沙漠化最严重,达到797081hm2,占到了新增沙漠化土地的50%。

关键词： TM监测中国西部地区沙漠化