检索结果-南通市图书馆

Dramatic decline of observed atmospheric CO_(2) and CH_(4) during the COVID-19 lockdown over the Yangtze River Delta of China

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 712-722页

作者： Miao Liang Yong Zhang Qianli Ma Dajiang Yu Xiaojian Chen jason Blake cohen Meteorological Observation Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Lin’an Atmospheric Regional Background Station China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Hangzhou 311307China Longfengshan Regional Background Station China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Heilongjiang 150200China Shanxi Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Shanxi 030000China School of Environment and Spatial Informatics China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou221116China

The temporal variation of greenhouse gas concentrations in China during the COVID-19 lockdown in China is analyzed in this work using high resolution measurements of near surface ΔCO_(2),ΔCH_(4) andΔCO concentrations above the background conditions at Lin’an station(LAN),a regional background station in the Yangtze River Delta region.During the pre-lockdown observational period(IOP-1),bothΔCO_(2) andΔCH_(4) exhibited a significant increasing trend relative to the 2011-2019 climatological mean.The reduction ofΔCO_(2),ΔCH_(4) andΔCO during the lockdown observational period(IOP-2)(which also coincided with the Chinese New Year Holiday)reached up to 15.0 ppm,14.2 ppb and 146.8 ppb,respectively,and a reduction ofΔCO_(2)/ΔCO probably due to a dramatic reduction from industrial emissions.ΔCO_(2),ΔCH_(4) and ΔCO were observed to keep declining during the post-lockdown easing phase(IOP-3),which is the synthetic result of lower than normal CO_(2) emissions from rural regions around LAN coupled with strong uptake of the terrestrial ecosystem.Interestingly,the trend reversed to gradual increase for all species during the later easing phase(IOP-4),with ΔCO_(2)/ΔCO constantly increasing from IOP-2 to IOP-3 and finally IOP-4,consistent with recovery in industrial emissions associated with the staged resumption of economic activity.On average,ΔCO_(2) declined sharply throughout the days during IOP-2 but increased gradually throughout the days during IOP-4.The findings showcase the significant role of emission reduction in accounting for the dramatic changes in measured atmosphericΔCO_(2) and ΔCH_(4) associated with the COVID-19 lockdown and recovery.

关键词： Atmospheric CO_(2) Atmospheric CH_(4) COVID-19 lockdown The Yangtze river delta

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第4期32卷 589-604页

作者： FENG Huihui DING Ying ZOU Bin cohen jason Blake YE Shuchao YANG Zhuolin QIN Kai LIU Lei GU Xiaodong School of Geosciences and Info-Physics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring of Chinese Ministry of Education Changsha 410083China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116JiangsuChina College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Guangzhou Center for Rule of Green Development Law Studies Guangdong University of Foreign StudiesGuangzhou 510420China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China

Vegetation plays an important role in the dry deposition of particles with significant spatial variability,but the magnitude remains unclear at the global scale.With the aid of satellite products,this study estimated the vegetation-related dry deposition of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)).Methodologically,dry deposition was first calculated using an empirical algorithm.Then,deposition on the leaf surface was estimated to evaluate the influence of vegetation.Our results showed that the mean deposition velocity(V_(d))of global PM_(2.5)was 0.91×10^(-3)μg·m^(-2)·s^(-1),with high velocities observed in sparsely vegetated regions because of the high friction velocity.Under the combined effect of the PM_(2.5)mass concentration and deposition velocity,the global mean dry deposition reached 0.47 g·m-^(2)·yr^(-1).Global vegetation absorbed 0.26 g·m-^(2)·yr^(-1)from PM_(2.5)pollution sources,contributing 54.98%of the total dry deposition.Spatially,vegetation-related dry deposition was high in the Amazon,Central Africa and East China due to dense vegetation coverage or serious pollution.Temporally,the increasing trends were mainly in Central Africa and India because of worsening air pollution.The results of this study helped to clarify the impact of vegetation on air pollution,which supported related land management and planning for air quality improvement.

关键词： air pollution PM_(2.5) dry deposition vegetation change globe satellite

Review and synthesis of the effects of climate change on amphibians

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Integrative Zoology 2013年第2期8卷 145-161页

作者： Yiming LI Jeremy M.cohen jason R.ROHR Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Integrative Biology University of South FloridaTampaFLUSA

Considerable progress has been made in understanding the responses of amphibians to climate change,with successful research carried out on climate change-associated shifts in amphibian phenology,elevational distributions and amphibian-parasite interactions.We review and synthesize the literature on this topic,emphasizing acutely lethal,sublethal,indirect and positive effects of climate change on amphibians,and major research gaps.For instance,evidence is lacking on poleward shifts in amphibian distributions and on changes in body sizes and morphologies of amphibians in response to climate change.We have limited information on amphibian thermal tolerances,thermal preferences,dehydration breaths,opportunity costs of water conserving behaviors and actual temperature and moisture ranges amphibians experience.Even when much of this information is available,there remains little evidence that climate change is acutely lethal to amphibians.This suggests that if climate change is contributing to declines,it might be through effects that are not acutely lethal,indirect,or both,but evidence in support of this suggestion is necessary.In fact,evidence that climate change is directly contributing to amphibian declines is weak,partly because researchers have not often ruled out alternative hypotheses,such as chytrid fungus or climate-fungus interactions.Consequently,we recommend that amphibian-climate research shift from primarily inductive,correlational approach as to studies that evaluate alternative hypotheses for declines.This additional rigor will require interdisciplinary collaborations,estimates of costs and benefits of climate change to amphibian fitness and populations,and the integration of correlative field studies,experiments on‘model’amphibian species,and mathematical and functional,physiological models.

关键词： amphibian decline Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis breeding date climate-linked epidemic hypothesis global warming

卫星和地基遥感观测资料约束下的核-壳态气溶胶光学特性模拟研究

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

光学学报 2023年

作者：王新莹秦凯 jason cohen 王硕中国矿业大学碳中和研究院中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院中山大学大气科学学院

!"#本文针对结合星地观测与模型定量模拟消光性气溶胶光学特性及黑碳质量空间分布这一热点问题，利用TROPOMI卫星紫外波段观测数据与AERONET地基观测数据，基于“核-壳“假设下的米散射模型提出了一种准确量化黑碳气溶胶质量空间分布的... 详细信息

!"#本文针对结合星地观测与模型定量模拟消光性气溶胶光学特性及黑碳质量空间分布这一热点问题，利用TROPOMI卫星紫外波段观测数据与AERONET地基观测数据，基于“核-壳“假设下的米散射模型提出了一种准确量化黑碳气溶胶质量空间分布的模拟方法，并对北京、香港、首尔三个站点的模拟结果进行分析与验证，研究结果表明：（1）多源数据约束后米散射模型模拟得到的SSA结果：北京市城市群的吸收系数位于0.04-0.13左右，香港整体小于0.08，首尔介于0.02-0.06左右；（2）计算得到的黑碳柱内质量空间分布结果如下：北京站黑碳柱内质量在200-600kg/格点之间；香港地区黑碳柱内质量在180-650kg/格点之间；首尔站黑碳柱内质量普遍位于300kg/格点以下。（3）结合卡尔曼滤波排放清单与一阶箱模型对黑碳柱内质量结果进行间接验证，计算得到的黑碳气溶胶生命周期在一至四天不等，符合在大气中的真实状态，说明结果具有一定可靠性。（4）通过利用加入TROPOMI紫外波段卫星观测数据前后，分别对模型进行约束得到的粒径分布及吸收系数结果进行比较发现：加入TROPOMI的紫外观测数据对约束后的模型模拟结果具有一定增强作用。本研究提出的基于米散射模型的黑碳质量空间分布模拟结果良好，方案具有一定应用潜力。

关键词： TROPOMI卫星数据 AERONET 黑碳气溶胶米散射模型

基于涡动及走航观测的晋东南煤矿区甲烷分布特征

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

煤炭学报 2022年第12期47卷 4395-4402页

作者：刘艳秋秦凯 cohen Blake jason 康涵书胡玮鹿凡武晓晖杨成立中国矿业大学江苏省煤基温室气体减排与资源化利用重点实验室江苏徐州221008 中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院江苏徐州221116 山西大地生态环境技术研究院有限公司山西太原030000

甲烷是仅次于二氧化碳的全球第二大温室气体,在大气中的寿命仅为10 a左右,但其全球增温潜势却是CO_(2)的几十倍。大气中的甲烷体积分数可以更加迅速地对温室减排活动做出响应,相较于CO_(2)减排,控制和减少甲烷排放是短期内应对气候变化... 详细信息

甲烷是仅次于二氧化碳的全球第二大温室气体,在大气中的寿命仅为10 a左右,但其全球增温潜势却是CO_(2)的几十倍。大气中的甲烷体积分数可以更加迅速地对温室减排活动做出响应,相较于CO_(2)减排,控制和减少甲烷排放是短期内应对气候变化的最有效手段之一。煤炭开采行业是我国甲烷的最主要排放源之一。在碳达峰和碳中和的国家战略需求下,控制和利用煤炭活动产生的甲烷排放,必将成为“十四五”期间我国甲烷排放控制行动的重点,厘清煤矿行业的甲烷排放特征具有重要意义。煤炭开采活动产生的甲烷排放受到地质赋存、开采方式、利用情况等众多因素影响,传统的“自下而上”排放因子清单方法不确定性较大,基于大气甲烷体积分数观测数据的“自上而下”技术正成为监测核算甲烷排放的重要方法。2021年秋冬季,采用“固定+走航”相结合的观测手段,以我国典型的甲烷高排放区(晋东南煤矿区)为实验区域,获取一手观测数据,分析并揭示近地面甲烷体积分数特征及其潜在的排放源信息。结果表明:(1)甲烷体积分数的时空变化性强,煤矿区本底甲烷体积分数值是清洁本底的近1.7倍,极端高值可达本底值的40~50倍;(2)甲烷体积分数在1 d内的变化与煤炭生产活动密切相关,逐日变化受气象扩散条件影响较大;(3)绝大多数甲烷体积分数高值位于煤矿生产相关区域,但由于扩散作用的影响,煤炭生产对甲烷体积分数时空分布影响存在一定的空间偏离性和时间滞后性。地面“固定+走航观测”手段可以提供精细化的甲烷排放特征信息,研究结论可为基于观测“自上而下”地构建煤炭行业甲烷排放清单奠定一定基础。

关键词：煤矿区甲烷分布涡动相关走航观测时空分布空间异质性排放源

The use of a standardized Chinese herbal formula in patients with advanced lung cancer:a feasibility study

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第6期16卷 390-395页

作者： Goulnar Kasymjanova Anh-Thi Tran Victor cohen Carmela Pepe Lama Sakr David Small jason Scott Agulnik Robert Thomas Jagoe Peter Brojde Lung Cancer Center Segal Cancer Center Jewish General Hospital

Objective： Increasing numbers of cancer patients are using Chinese herbs （CHs）. However, differences among prior studies make it difficult to draw firm conclusions about the clinical usefulness of any specific CH formula. The primary objective of this study was to establish the acceptability of taking a standardized CH formula for patients with advanced lung cancer. The secondary objective was to identify any toxicities attributable to this CH formula and to measure changes in quality of life. Methods： A single-arm, prospective study of a 6-week intervention with a selected CH formula in 15 patients with stage 4 nonsmall-cell lung cancer （NSCLC, Seventh American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM staging system）. Results： Patients with advanced lung cancer were interested in using the CH formula. Completion （93%） and adherence （98%） levels were very high and most patients perceived the CH treatment as easy to take and were willing to take the CHs used in the study again if it was available. About half of the patients reported adverse events, all of which were mild （Grade 1 or 2） and only a small minority （8%） were poten- tially related to CHs. No biochemical or hematological evidence of toxicity was observed. Overall, there were improvement in quality of life, and reduced feelings of tiredness and sleepiness. Conclusion： This study provides preliminary evidence that short-term use of a carefully selected and pre- pared CH formula in patients with stage 4 NSCLC is acceptable and safe.

关键词： Lung cancer Chinese herbs Quality of life

Free tissue reconstruction of the anterior skull base:A review

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2020年第2期6卷 132-136页

作者： Elizabeth Bradford Bell Erin R.cohen Zoukaa Sargi jason Leibowitz Department of Otolaryngology University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA

Objective:There has been a significant shift from open craniofacial resection of the anterior skull base to endoscopic approaches that accomplish the same outcomes in tumor ablation.However,when open resection is required,free flap reconstruction is often necessary to provide sufficient well-vascularized tissue for optimal wound healing as well as providing adequate tissue bulk for cosmesis.This articleaims to providea focused review of free flaps most commonly used in anterior skull base reconstruction.Methods:This is a state-of-the-art review based on expert opinion and previously published reviews and journal articles,queried using PubMed and Google Scholar.Results&conclusion:Anterior skull base reconstruction via free tissue transfer is imperative in limiting complications and promoting healing,particularly with large defects,post-radiation,and in at-risk patients.The type of free flap utilized for a particular anterior skull base reconstruction should be tailored to the patient and nature of the disease.This review offers insight into the numerous reconstructive options for the free flap surgeon.

关键词： Free tissue transfer Anterior skull base Head and neck microvascular Reconstruction

Recovery rates of combination antibiotic therapy using in vitro microdialysis simulating in vivo conditions

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018年第6期8卷 407-412页

作者： Jayesh A.Dhanani Suzanne L.Parker Jeffrey Lipman Steven C.Wallis Jeremy cohen John Fraser Adrian Barnett Michelle Chew jason A.Roberts Burns Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre The University of Queensland UQ Centre for Clinical Research Department of Intensive Care Medicine Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital Faculty of Health Queensland University of Technology Critical Care Research Group The University of Queensland Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation & School of Public Health and Social Work Queensland University of Technology Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care and Department of Medical and Health Sciences Link?ping University School of Pharmacy The University of Queensland Department of Pharmacy Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital

Microdialysis is a technique used to measure the unbound antibiotic concentration in the interstitial spaces, the target site of action. In vitro recovery studies are essential to calibrating the microdialysis system for in vivo studies. The effect of a combination of antibiotics on recovery into microdialysate requires investigation. In vitro microdialysis recovery studies were conducted on a combination of vancomycin and tobramycin, in a simulated in vivo model. Comparison was made between recoveries for three different concentrations and three different perfusate flow rates. The overall relative recovery for vancomycin was lower than that of tobramycin. For tobramycin, a concentration of 20μg/mL and flow rate of 1.0μL/min had the best recovery. A concentration of 5.0μg/mL and flow rate of 1.0μL/min yielded maximal recovery for vancomycin. Large molecular size and higher protein binding resulted in lower relative recoveries for vancomycin. Perfusate flow rates and drug concentrations affected the relative recovery when a combination of vancomycin and tobramycin was tested. Low perfusate flow rates were associated with higher recovery rates. For combination antibiotic measurement which includes agents that are highly protein bound, in vitro studies performed prior to in vivo studies may ensure the reliable measurement of unbound concentrations.

关键词： Microdialysis Combination antibiotic therapy Relative recovery rate Pharmacokinetics Anti-infectives Protein binding

Value within otolaryngology:Assessment of the cost-utility analysis literature

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2016年第1期2卷 -页

作者： Krupa R. Patel David J. Phillips jason M. Leibowitz Theresa Scognamiglio Victoria E. Banuchi William I. Kuhel David I. Kutler Marc A. cohen Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY 10065 USA Department of 0tolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center New York NY 10065 USA Department of 0tolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery University of Miami Miami FL 33136 USA Department of Pathology&Laboratory Medicine New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center New York NY 10065 USA

UNASSIGNED:To assess the characteristics and quality of cost utility analyses (CUA) related to otolaryngology within the CEA registry and to summarize their collective results.;UNASSIGNED:All cost-utility analyses published between 1976 and 2011 contained in the Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry (CEA Registry) were evaluated. Topics that fall within the care of an otolaryngologist were included in the review regardless of the presence of an otolaryngologist author. Potential associations between various study characteristics and CEA registry quality scores were evaluated using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient.;UNASSIGNED:Sixty-one of 2913 (2.1%) total CUA publications screened were related to otolaryngology. Eighteen of 61 (29.5%) publications included an otolaryngologist as an author. Fourteen studies agreed on the cost effectiveness of at least unilateral cochlear implantation and six of seven (85.7%) studies demonstrated the cost effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Forty-six percent (28 of 61) of all manuscripts were published between 2008 and 2011. A more recent publication year was associated with a higher CEA registry quality score while the presence of an otolaryngologist author and journal impact factor had no significant correlation with the quality of the CUA.;UNASSIGNED:Based on current evidence in the CEA registry, unilateral cochlear implantation for hearing loss and CPAP for OSA are both cost-effective therapeutic interventions. Although CUAs in otolaryngology have increased in quantity and improved in quality in more recent years, there is a relative lack of CUAs in otolaryngology in comparison to other subspecialties.

关键词： Cost-utility analysis