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Effect of Microalloying,Principally With Vanadium,Processing Conditions and Microstructure on Resistance to CO_2 Corrosion

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 183-191页

作者： Edmonds David cochrane robert Grau Rosa Institute for Materials Research University of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK Mikalor BarcelonaSpain

One driver for steel development over recent decades has been the engineering requirements of improved strength and toughness,combined with weldability,for the safe and cost effective recovery and transmission of oil and *** has been achieved through refinement of grain size by microalloy precipitation and thermomechanical ***,little attention has been paid to these significant changes in steel chemistry and processing on corrosion resistance,despite the dominance of economic carbon steel for construction in the oil and gas *** more common forms of corrosion are associated with the presence of H 2 S or CO *** 2 in aqueous solution forms a weak acid sufficient to promote significant localized corrosion in transmission gas/oil pipelines and in well-head applications (’down-hole’).Systematic study has identified the influence of a wide range of alloying elements and different processing conditions on the resistance of low-carbon steels to CO 2 corrosion;strong carbide-forming microalloying elements such as Ti,Nb and V,along with Cr additions,and different levels of Mn,Si,Cu,Mo and Ni,have been explored,along with treatments simulating different processing *** present study also emphasizes the role of V and Ti microalloying in improving the resistance of Cr-containing carbon steel to corrosion in carbonic acid and how this is influenced by microstructure and the metallurgical condition of the microalloying addition,in particular,the extent of *** is noted that some commercially available corrosion inhibitors contain V as a vanadate compound to interfere with the corrosion process and so it is suggested that V microalloying may also be beneficial if present in an appropriate form in the *** Ti also seems to play a role in corrosion in the steels studied is judged to be compatible with the thermodynamics of transition metal anions in the Ti-V-Cr group.

关键词： microalloying vanadium processing corrosion carbonic acid

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Microstructural development and mechanical properties of drop tube atomized Al-2.85 wt%Fe

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第9期104卷 41-51页

作者： Mehmet R.Abul robert F.cochrane Andrew M.Mullis School of Chemical&Process Engineering University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK

Al-2.85 wt%Fe alloy has been subjected to non-equilibrium container-less solidification using a 6.5 m drop *** samples were collected and sieved into 7 sizes fractions ranging from 850μm to 53μm,with the estimated cooling rates being 150 to 11000 K s^(-1)*** analysis was employed on all droplet size fractions for identification and evolution of the phases,showing that Al,Al_(6)Fe and Al_(13)Fe_(4)were formed for all sizes while Al_(5)Fe_(2)was observed only in droplets≤150μm in *** evaluation was conducted by using SEM and optical microscopy,showing that droplet larger than 300μm in diameter exhibited distinct morphologies;microcellular,dendriticα-Al with inter-dendritic Al_(13)Fe_(4)eutectic and an AI-Al_(6)Fe eutectic *** increasing cooling rate,the Al-Al_(6)Fe region *** analysis reveals that increasing the cooling rate increased the dissolved Fe content inα-Al from 0.37 wt%Fe to 1.105 wt%Fe,and correspondingly the eutectic fraction decreased from 49.7 vol.%to 26.7 vol.%.Measurement of the lamellar spacing allowed the eutectic growth velocity and interfacial undercooling to be calculated,wherein the Al-rich boundary of the eutectic coupled zone could be *** shows a coupled zone skewed significantly towards the intermetallic side of the *** order to understand the effect of non-equilibrium the solidification on the mechanical properties micro hardness of the droplets was *** micro-hardness has risen from 55.3 HV_(0.01)to 66.5 HV_(0.01)for≥850μm and≤75μm droplets,respectively.

关键词： Al-Fe alloys Container-less solidification Microstructure TEM Micro-hardness

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Current management of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease—treatment costs,safety profile,and effectiveness:a narrative review

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Gastroenterology Report 2023年第1期11卷 95-113页

作者： Tahmina Lata Jodie Trautman Philip Townend robert B.Wilson Faculty of Medicine and Health University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery Department University of New South WalesLiverpool HospitalLiverpoolNSWAustralia General Surgery Department Wollongong HospitalWollongongNSWAustralia General Surgery Department Gold Coast University HospitalSouthportQLDAustralia

Background The purpose of this study was to review the current management of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease(GORD),including treatment costs,safety profile and *** A literature review was performed of randomized-controlled trials,systematic reviews,cochrane reports and National/Societal guidelines of themedical,endoscopic and surgicalmanagement of *** pump inhibitor(PPI)prescribing patterns and expenditure were reviewed in different countries,including Australia,Canada,New Zealand,UK and *** Proton pump inhibitors(PPIs)are primarily indicated for control of GORD,Helicobacter pylori eradication(combined with antibiotics),preventing NSAID-induced gastrointestinal bleeding and treating peptic ulcer *** is widespread overprescribing of PPIs in Western and Eastern nations in terms of indication and duration,with substantial expense for national health *** a favourable short-term safety profile,there are observational associations of adverse effects with long-term *** include nutrient malabsorption,enteric infections and cardiovascular *** prevalence of PPI use makes their long-termsafety profile clinically ***-benefit,symptom control and quality-oflife outcomes favour laparoscopic fundoplication rather than chronic PPI *** fundoplication in long-termmanagement of PPI-responsive GORD is supported by SAGES,NICE and ACG,and PPI-refractory GORD by AGA and SAGES *** importance of establishing a definitive diagnosis prior to invasive management is emphasized,especially in PPI-refractory *** We examined evidence-based guidelines for PPI prescribing and deprescribing in primary care and hospital settings and the need for PPI stewardship and education of health *** narrative review presents the advantages and disadvantages of surgical,endoscopic and medical management of GORD,which may assist in shared decision making and treatment cho

关键词： Canada treatment establishing

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Examining Knowledge Decay in the Anesthesia Provider—An Integrative Review

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2023年第9期13卷 177-185页

作者： robert Spafford Johns Hopkins School of Nursing Baltimore USA

Background: Knowledge decay can be present in a lot of different careers but it is especially important when affecting the anesthesia provider. Knowledge decay can lead to skill decay. Therefore, it leads to worse patient outcomes. It is important to know how knowledge decay occurs and to know how to prevent it. Purpose: The purpose of this review was to explore the contributing factors of knowledge decay while also examining how different learning activities can be used to prevent it from occurring. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, cochrane databases, and Embase. The American Association of Nurse Anesthesiology website was also examined. Findings: Knowledge decay usually occurs when either the anesthesia provider is in a new area of practice or when the provider has had a significant amount of time pass since the latest implementation of an anesthesia skill. The type of activity shown to best combat knowledge decay is the use of a simulation-based learning activity. Classroom learning can also help combat knowledge decay, but not to the same extent. Conclusions: The most significant way to prevent knowledge decay in the anesthesia provider is to implement simulation-based learning activities, as well as keep anesthesia providers comfortable with the skills that they practice.

关键词： Knowledge Decay Anesthesia Provider Learning Activities

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Prevalence of Bicuspid Aortic Valve in Turner Syndrome Patients Receiving Cardiac MRI and CT: A Meta-Analysis

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Congenital Heart Disease 2022年第2期17卷 129-140页

作者： Pengzhu Li Martina Bacova robert Dalla-Pozza Nikolaus Alexander Haas Felix Sebastian Oberhoffer Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medical Hospital of the University of MunichLudwig Maximilians University MunichMunichGermany

Turner syndrome(TS)is a rare disorder affecting 25–50 in 100000 female *** aortic valve(BAV)is assumed to be the most common congenital heart defect(CHD)in *** literature,reported BAV prevalence in TS ranges between 14%and 34%.The specific BAV prevalence in TS is still *** aim of this study was to give a more precise estimation of BAV prevalence in TS by conducting a meta-analysis of TS-studies,which detected BAV by either cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)or cardiac computed tomography(CT).We searched PubMed,cochrane Library,and Web of Science databases to collect observational studies including the prevalence of BAV identified by cardiac MRI or cardiac CT in TS patients up to June 4th,*** screening for inclusion,data extraction,and quality assessment by two independent reviewers,the meta-analysis was performed with R 4.1.1 *** are shown as proportion and weighted mean difference with 95%confidence intervals(95%CI).In total,11 studies involving 1177 patients were *** data showed that the prevalence of BAV in TS patients was 23.7%(95%CI:21.3%to 26.1%).No high heterogeneity was found between the included *** current meta-analysis reveals that BAVcan be detected in 23.7%of TS patients receiving cardiac MRI or cardiac ***,BAV can be considered as the most common CHD in *** to TTE,cardiac MRI and cardiac CT might represent superior imaging modalities in BAV assessment of adult TS patients.

关键词： Turner syndrome bicuspid aortic valve magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) tomography X-ray computed(CT)

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Appraisal of the current guidelines for management of cholangiocarcinoma-using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation Ⅱ (AGREE Ⅱ) Instrument

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第2期9卷 126-135,中插1页

作者： Paschalis Gavriilidis Alan Askari Keith J.roberts robert P.Sutcliffe Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Liver Transplant Surgery Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Department of Upper Gastro-Intestinal Surgery West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS TrustWatfordUK

Cholangiocarcinoma(CC)is the second most common primary liver ***-quality guidelines are essential for effective patient stratification and individualised *** study aimed to appraise the methodological quality of existing guidelines for the resection of CC using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research&Evaluation(AGREE II)instrument.A systematic search of the literature in cochrane,PubMed,Google Scholar,and Embase was *** of the clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)and consensuses was performed using the AGREE II instrument by four clinicians experienced in surgical practice and the AGREE II appraisal *** searches identified 13 guidelines of highly variable quality according to the AGREE II *** guidelines scored well in certain domains such as scope&purpose(median score across all guidelines;65%),clarity of presentation(76%),and editorial independence(56%).However,they scored poorly for applicability(13%),rigour of development(30%),and stakeholder involvement(39%).None of the 13 guidelines was recommended universally for use without ***,the methodological quality of guidelines on the surgical management of CC is *** updates should address and modify shortcomings detected by the AGREE II instrument,thereby facilitating better patient stratification and individualised treatment strategies.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma(CC) clinical practice guidelines(CPGs) Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation instrument(AGREE II instrument)

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Navigated liver surgery:State of the art and future perspectives

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第3期21卷 226-233页

作者： Paschalis Gavriilidis Bjørn Edwin Egidijus Pelanis Ernest Hidalgo Nicola de’Angelis Riccardo Memeo Luca Aldrighetti robert P Sutcliffe Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Liver Transplant Surgery Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustB152THUK The Intervention Centre and Department of HPB Surgery Oslo University Hospital and Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway Department of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation Hospital Universitari Vall d’HebronBarcelonaSpain Department of Digestive Surgery University Hospital Henri Mondor(AP-HP)94010 Creteil and University of Paris EstCreteilFrance Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Miulli HospitalAcquaviva delle FontiBari 70021Italy Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery San Raffaele HospitalVia Olgettina 60Milan 20132Italy

Background:In recent years,the development of digital imaging technology has had a significant influence in liver *** ability to obtain a 3-dimensional(3D)visualization of the liver anatomy has provided surgery with virtual reality of simulation 3D computer models,3D printing models and more recently holograms and augmented reality(when virtual reality knowledge is superimposed onto reality).In addition,the utilization of real-time fluorescent imaging techniques based on indocyanine green(ICG)uptake allows clinicians to precisely delineate the liver anatomy and/or tumors within the parenchyma,applying the knowledge obtained preoperatively through digital *** combination of both has transformed the abstract thinking until now based on 2D imaging into a 3D preoperative conception(virtual reality),enhanced with real-time visualization of the fluorescent liver structures,effectively facilitating intraoperative navigated liver surgery(augmented reality).Data sources:A literature search was performed from inception until January 2021 in MEDLINE(Pub Med),Embase,cochrane library and database for systematic reviews(CDSR),Google Scholar,and National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence(NICE)***:Fifty-one pertinent articles were retrieved and *** different types of digital imaging technologies and the real-time navigated liver surgery were estimated and ***:ICG fluorescent imaging techniques can contribute essentially to the real-time definition of liver segments;as a result,precise hepatic resection can be guided by the presence of ***,3D models can help essentially to further advancing of precision in hepatic surgery by permitting estimation of liver volume and functional liver remnant,delineation of resection lines along the liver segments and evaluation of tumor *** liver transplantation and especially in living donor liver transplantation(LDLT),3D printed models of the donor’s live

关键词： Navigated Hepatic surgery 3D Computer assistance Image guidance Image guided surgery Indocyanine green 3D print Visual simulation Virtual reality Augmented reality Real-time navigated liver surgery

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Systematic review with meta-analysis on transplantation for alcohol-related liver disease:Very low evidence of improved outcomes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第13期25卷 1628-1639页

作者： Nicole T Shen Cristina Londono Stephanie Gold Ashley Wu Keith C Mages robert S Jr Brown Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Weill Cornell Medicine New York Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College New York Department of Medicine Division of Internal Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine New York Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College Samuel J. Wood Library and C.V. Starr Biomedical Information Center New York

BACKGROUND Alcohol-related liver disease(ALD) is a leading cause of liver failure and indication for liver transplantation that arises in the setting of alcohol use disorder(AUD). Previous reviews of transplantation for ALD are limited in scope of outcomes and type of ALD studied. A comprehensive systematic review could improve use of transplantation in ALD and improve future research. We hypothesize that while transplanting ALD may improve mortality and relapse,findings will be limited by pre-specified causes of heterogeneity-assessment and treatment of AUD, definition of ALD, spectrum of ALD studied, assessment and rates of relapse, and study quality and *** To optimize liver transplantation for ALD, understanding existing research to guide future research, we conducted a systematic review with *** We conducted a systematic review, comparing liver transplant to no-transplant in patients with ALD, with a primary outcome of both short-and long-term mortality and relapse. We performed a comprehensive search of MEDLINE,EMBASE, Web of Science, and The cochrane Library databases for peer-reviewed journal articles comparing use of liver transplant in ALD to no-transplant. Two reviewers independently conducted screening, full text review, and data extraction according to the PRISMA guidelines. We report the quality of the evidence according to the GRADE *** We analyzed data from 10 studies. Of 1332 participants, 34.2%(456/1332) had undergone liver transplantation, while 65.8%(876/1332) had not. While random effects meta-analysis suggested transplant in comparison to no-transplant had an association of reduced mortality that did not reach statistical significance, relative risk(RR) = 0.51(0.25-1.05), but not relapse risk, RR = 0.52(0.18-1.53), significant heterogeneity limited these findings. When restricted to prospective data,transplant compared to no-transplant significantly reduced mortality, RR = 0.25(0.13-0.46, P < 0.01), and relap

关键词： Alcohol-related hepatitis Alcohol-related cirrhosis Alcohol use disorder Liver transplantation Standardization

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Allograft tissue irradiation and failure rate after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction:A systematic review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2016年第6期7卷 392-400页

作者： Jesse Dashe robert L Parisien Antonio Cusano Emily J Curry Asheesh Bedi Xinning Li Depatment of Orthopaedic Surgery Boston University School of Medicine-Boston Medical Center Depatment of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Michigan School of Medicine

AIM:To evaluate whether anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) allograft irradiation is effective for sterility without compromising graft integrity and increasing failure ***:A literature search was conducted using Pub Med,cochrane,and *** following search terms were used:"Gamma irradiation AND anterior cruciate ligament AND allograft" with a return of 30 *** used included:English language,years *** were 6 hits that were not reviewed,as there were only abstracts *** 5 hits were discarded,as they did not pertain to the topic of *** were 9 more articles that were excluded:Three studies were performed on animals and 6 studies were ***,a total of 10 articles were applicable to ***:There is a delicate dosing crossover where gamma irradiation is both effective for sterility without catastrophically compromising the structural integrity of the *** note,low dose irradiation is considered less than 2.0 Mrad,moderate dose is between 2.1-2.4 Mrad,and high dose is greater than or equal to 2.5 *** upon the results of the literature search,the optimal threshold for sterilization was found to be sterilization at less than 2.2 Mrad of gamma irradiation with the important caveat of being performed at low *** graft selection process also must include thorough donor screening and testing as well as harvesting the tissue in a sterile *** of higher dose(≥ 2.5 Mrad) of irradiation causes greater allograft tissue laxity that results in greater graft failure rate clinically in patients after ACL ***:Allograft ACL graft gamma irradiatedwith less than 2.2 Mrad appears to be a reasonable alternative to autograft for patients above 25 years of age.

关键词： Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction Graft choice Allograft Gamma irradiation Anterior cruciate ligament graft failure rate

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Use of the Endocuff during routine colonoscopy examination improves adenoma detection: A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第43期22卷 9642-9649页

作者： Matthew Chin William Karnes M Mazen Jamal John G Lee robert Lee Jason Samarasena Matthew L Bechtold Douglas L Nguyen Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of California Irvine Division of Gastroenterology Long Beach Veterans Affairs Health System Division of Gastroenterology University of Missouri Health

AIM To perform meta-analysis of the use of Endocuff during average risk screening *** Scopus, cochrane databases, MEDLINE/Pub Med, and CINAHL were searched in April 2016. Abstracts from Digestive Disease Week, United European Gastroenterology, and the American College of Gastroenterology meeting were also searched from 2004-2015. Studies comparing EC-assisted colonoscopy(EAC) to standard colonoscopy, for any indication, were included in the analysis. The analysis was conducted by using the Mantel-Haenszel or DerS imonian and Laird models with the odds ratio(OR) to assess adenoma detection, cecal intubation rate, and complications performed. RESULTS Nine studies(n = 5624 patients) were included in the analysis. Compared to standard colonoscopy, procedures performed with EC had higher frequencies for adenoma(OR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.23-1.80; P = 0.03), and sessile serrated adenomas detection(OR = 2.34 95%CI: 1.63-3.36; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in cecal intubation rates between the EACgroup and standard colonoscopy(OR = 1.26, 95%CI: 0.70-2.27, I2 = 0%; P = 0.44). EAC was associated with a higher risk of complications, most commonly being superficial mucosal injury without higher frequency for *** The use of an EC on colonoscopy appears to improve pre-cancerous polyp detection without any difference in cecal intubation rates compared to standard colonoscopy.

关键词： Colonoscopy Endocuff Adenoma detection

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