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Body Contour.in the Post-Bar.atr.c Male Patient

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Moder. Plastic Sur.er. 2024年第2期14卷 15-22页

作者： Er.ck Zúñiga-Gar.a Isr.el Salgado-Adame claudio D. rojas-Gutiér.ez Laur. Mar.a r.dr.guez-Bar.ios Guiller.o Álvar.z-Sánchez Eduar.o Camacho-Quinter. Depar.ment of Plastic Sur.er. National Medical Center &#822020 de Noviembre&#8221 Mexico City Mexico

Backgr.und: Obesity is cur.ently consider.d a public health pr.blem. Bar.atr.c pr.cedur.s have become an impor.ant par. of obesity management and, consequently, the number.of male patients seeking post-bar.atr.c r.constr.ctive pr.cedur.s have incr.ased. Ther.for., the clinical appr.ach and under.tanding of the body contour.of this population have become mor. r.levant. The goal of post-bar.atr.c r.constr.ction is to enhance the male silhouette thr.ugh r.moval of skin and adipose tissue excess, and abdominal r.ctus diastasis r.pair. Mater.al and Methods: We conducted a r.tr.spective study at the Plastic and r.constr.ctive Sur.er. Depar.ment of the National Medical Center.“20 de Noviembr.”. All male patients r.fer.ed to our.depar.ment to star. a post-bar.atr.c r.constr.ction pr.tocol fr.m Januar. 2018 to December.2022 wer. included in this study. r.sults: In total, 15 patients who under.ent cor.or.l contour.ng pr.cedur.s wer. included;median age was 49.2 year. with minimum of 33 year., and a maximum of 57 year.. Median Body mass index was 28.4 kg/m2 with minimum of 22 kg/m2 and maximum of 38 kg/m2. All patients wer. tr.ated 18 months after.their.bar.atr.c sur.er.. All patients under.ent an abdominoplasty as a body contour.ng pr.cedur.. 4 (26.7%) patients pr.sented complications r.lated to the sur.er.. Conclusion: We descr.bed a compr.hensive and systematic appr.ach to massive weight loss for.male patients, suggesting an abdominal mar.ing based on the patient’s clinical featur.s and the expected r.sults avoiding feminization of the abdominal body contour.

关键词： Massive Weight Loss Post-Bar.atr.c Male Abdominoplasty Contour.ng

Color.ctal cancer.scr.ening:A r.view of cur.ent knowledge and pr.gr.ss in r.sear.h

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Wor.d Jour.al of Gastr.intestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1119-1133页

作者： Sar. r.mos Lopes claudio Mar.ins Inês Costa Santos Madalena Teixeir. Élia Gamito Ana Luisa Alves Depar.ment of Gastr.enter.logy Centro Hospitalar de SetúbalSetúbal 2910-446Portugal

Color.ctal cancer.Cr.)is one of the most pr.valent malignancies wor.dwide,being the thir. most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer.r.lated deaths *** the pr.gr.ss in scr.ening,ear.y diagnosis,and tr.atment,appr.ximately 20%-25%of Cr. patients still pr.sent with metastatic disease at the time of their.initial ***,the bur.en of disease is still expected to incr.ase,especially in individuals younger.than 50 year. old,among whom ear.y-onset Cr. incidence has been *** and ear.y detection ar. pivotal to impr.ve Cr.-r.lated *** is well established that Cr. scr.ening not only r.duces incidence,but also decr.ases deaths fr.m *** scr.ening str.tegies have pr.ven effective in decr.asing both Cr. incidence and mor.ality,though var.ations in efficacy have been r.por.ed acr.ss the ***,uncer.ainties per.ist r.gar.ing the optimal scr.ening method,age inter.als and ***,adher.nce to Cr. scr.ening r.mains globally *** r.cent year.,emer.ing technologies,notably ar.ificial intelligence,and non-invasive biomar.er.,have been developed to over.ome these ***,contr.ver.y exists over.the actual impact of some of the new discover.es on Cr.-r.lated outcomes and how to effectively integr.te them into daily *** this r.view,we aim to cover.the cur.ent evidence sur.ounding Cr. *** will fur.her.cr.tically assess novel appr.aches under.investigation,in an effor. to differ.ntiate pr.mising inno-vations fr.m mer. novelties.

关键词： Color.ctal cancer Scr.ening r.view Oncology Ar.ificial intelligence

Assessment of the per.or.ance of the TOPGNSS and ANN-MB antennas for.ionospher.c measur.ments using low-cost u-blox GNSS r.ceiver.

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2024年第3期15卷 291-301页

作者： Daniel Okoh Ader.nke Obafaye Oluwakemi Dar.-Idowu Babatunde r.biu Anton Kashcheyev claudio Cesar.ni John Bosco Habar.lema Br.no Nava United Nations Afr.can r.gional Centr. for.Space Science and Technology Education-English(UN-Ar.SSTE-E) Obafemi Awolowo University CampusIle IfeNigeria National Institute for.Geophysics and Volcanology(INGV) 00143 RomeItaly Institute for.Space Science and Engineer.ng African University of Science and TechnologyAbujaNigeria Univer.ity of New Br.nswick FrederictonCanada South Afr.can National Space Agency(SANSA) P.O Box 32Hermanus 7200South Africa Depar.ment of Physics and Electr.nics Rhodes University6140 MakhandaSouth Africa The Abdus Salam Inter.ational Centr. for.Theor.tical Physics Strada Costiera11I-34151 TriesteItaly

Low-cost GNSS r.ceiver. have r.cently been gaining r.liability as good candidates for.ionospher.c studies. In line with these gains ar. genuine concer.s about impr.ving the per.or.ance of these r.ceiver.. In this wor., we pr.sent a compr.hensive investigation of the per.or.ances of two antennas(the u-blox ANN-MB and the TOPGNSS TOP-106) used on a low-cost GNSS r.ceiver.known as the u-blox ZED-F9P. The two antennas wer. installed on two identical and co-located u-blox r.ceiver.. Data used fr.m both r.ceiver. cover.the per.od fr.m Januar. to June 2022. r.sults fr.m the study indicate that the signal str.ngths ar. dominantly gr.ater.for.the r.ceiver.with the TOPGNSS antenna than for.the r.ceiver.with the ANN-MB antenna, implying that the TOPGNSS antenna is better.than the ANN-MB antenna in ter.s of pr.viding gr.ater.signal str.ngths. Summar.ly, the TOPGNSS antenna also per.or.ed better.in minimizing the occur.ence of cycle slips on phase TEC measur.ments. Ther. ar. no conspicuous differ.nces between the var.ances(computed as 5-min standar. deviations) of phase TEC measur.ments for.the two antennas, except for.a per.od ar.und May-June when the TOPGNSS gave a better.per.or.ance in ter.s of minimizing the var.ances in phase TEC. r.mar.ably, the ANN-MB antenna gave a better.per.or.ance than the TOPGNSS antenna in ter.s of minimizing the var.ances in pseudor.nge TEC for.some satellite obser.ations. For.pr.cise hor.zontal(Nor.h and East) positioning, the r.ceiver.with the TOPGNSS antenna gave better.r.sults, while the r.ceiver.with the ANN-MB antenna gave better.ver.ical(Up) positioning. The er.or. for.the r.ceiver. of both antennas ar. typically within about 5 m(the monthly mean was usually smaller.than 1 m) in the hor.zontal dir.ction and within about 10 m(the monthly mean was usually smaller.than 4 m) in the ver.ical dir.ction.

关键词： GNSS Ionospher. Low-cost Antenna TOPGNSS U-blox

Micr.r.As in inflammator. bowel disease:What do we know and what can we expect?

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Wor.d Jour.al of Gastr.enter.logy 2024年第16期30卷 2184-2190页

作者： Ellen Cr.stina Souza de Oliveir. Ana Elisa Valencise Quaglio Thais Gagno Gr.llo Luiz claudio Di Stasi Ligia Yukie Sassaki Depar.ment of Inter.al Medicine Medical SchoolSão Paulo State University(Unesp)Botucatu 18618-686São PauloBrazil Ver.m Ingr.dients Botucatu Technology ParkBotucatu 18605-525São PauloBrazil Depar.ment of Biophysics and Phar.acology Institute of BiosciencesSão Paulo State University(Unesp)Botucatu 18618-689São PauloBrazil

Micr.r.As(mir.As),small non-coding r.As composed of 18–24 nucleotides,ar. potent r.gulator. of gene expr.ssion,contr.buting to the r.gulation of mor. than 30%of pr.tein-coding *** that mir.As ar. r.gulator. of inflammator. pathways and the differ.ntiation of intestinal epithelial cells,ther. is an inter.st in explor.ng their.impor.ance in inflammator. bowel disease(IBD).IBD is a chr.nic and multifactor.al disease of the gastr.intestinal tr.ct;the main for.s ar. Cr.hn's disease and ulcer.tive *** studies have investigated the dysr.gulated expr.ssion of mir.As in IBD,demonstr.ting their.impor.ant r.les as r.gulator. and potential biomar.er. of this *** editor.al pr.sents what is known and what is expected r.gar.ing mir.As in *** the impor.ant r.gulator. r.les of mir.As in IBD ar. clear.y established,biomar.er. for.IBD that can be applied in clinical pr.ctice ar. lacking,emphasizing the impor.ance of fur.her.*** r.gar.ing the influence of mir.As on the inflammator. pr.cess and the explor.tion of their.r.le in gene r.gulation ar. expected to pr.vide a basis for.the use of mir.As not only as potent biomar.er. in IBD but also as ther.peutic tar.ets for.the contr.l of inflammator. pr.cesses in per.onalized medicine.

关键词： Micr.r.As Inflammator. bowel disease Cr.hn’s disease Ulcer.tive colitis Biomar.er Ther.py

Vallisner.a spir.lis L. adaptive capacity impr.ves por. water.chemistr. and incr.asespotential nitr.fication in or.anic polluted sediments

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Ecological Pr.cesses 2024年第2期 72-89页

作者： Leonar.o Mor.ni claudio Fer.ar. Mar.o Bar.oli Mindaugas Zilius Elias Br.man Giovanna Visioli Depar.ment of Chemistr. Life Science and Environmental Sustainability University of Parma Depar.ment of Envir.nmental and Pr.vention Sciences University of Ferrara Depar.ment of Integr.tive Mar.ne Ecology (EMI) Genoa Marine Centre Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn-National Institute of Marine BiologyEcology and Biotechnology Mar.ne r.sear.h Institute Klaipeda University Depar.ment of Ecology Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Baltic Sea Centr. Stockholm University

Backgr.und Macr.phytes may modify benthic biodiver.ity and biogeochemistr. via r.dial oxygen loss fr.m r.ots. This condition contr.sts sediments anoxia, allows r.ots r.spir.tion, and facilitates aer.bic micr.bial communities and pr.cesses in the r.izospher.. Simultaneously, the r.izospher. can stimulate anaer.bic micr.or.anisms and pr.cesses via exudates or.by favor.ng the build-up of electr.n acceptor. as nitr.te. As eutr.phication often r.sults in or.anic enr.chment in sediments and lar.e inter.al nutr.ents r.cycling, an inter.sting r.sear.h question is to investigate whether.plants maintain the capacity to stimulate aer.bic or.anaer.bic micr.bial communities and pr.cesses also under.elevated or.anic *** A manipulative exper.ment was car.ied out under.labor.tor.-contr.lled conditions. Micr.cosms containing bar. sediments and sediments tr.nsplanted with the macr.phyte Vallisner.a spir.lis L. wer. cr.ated. The effect of the plant was investigated on sediments with moder.te(8%) and elevated(21%) or.anic matter.content, after.an acclimatization per.od of 30 days. Chemical and physical par.meter., micr.bial community composition and the potential r.tes of nitr.fication, denitr.fication and nitr.te ammonification wer. measur.d at two differ.nt depths(0–1 and 1–5 cm) after.the acclimatization per.od to evaluate the r.le of *** Vallisner.a spir.lis gr.w and assimilated por. water.nutr.ents at the two or.anic matter.levels and vegetated sediments had always nutr.ent-depleted por.water. as compar.d to bar. sediments. Nitr.fying micr.bes had a lower.r.lative abundance and diver.ity compar.d to denitr.fying bacter.a. However. r.gar.less of the or.anic content, in vegetated sediments nitr.fier. wer. detected in deeper.hor.zons as compar.d to bar. sediments, wher. nitr.fication was confined near.the sur.ace. In contr.st, potential denitr.fication r.tes wer. not affected by the pr.sence of r.ots, but pr.bably r.gulated by the pr.sence of nitr.te and by r.

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Association between Helicobacter.pylor. infection,mismatch r.pair.HEr. and tumor.infiltr.ting lymphocytes in gastr.c cancer

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Wor.d Jour.al of Gastr.intestinal Oncology 2024年第6期16卷 2487-2503页

作者： Car.os A Castaneda Miluska Castillo Luis A Ber.abe Joselyn Sanchez Matteo Fassan Kather.ne Tello Ignacio Ivan Wistuba Ivan Chavez Passiur. Eloy r.iz Juvenal Sanchez Fer.ando Bar.eda Daniel Valdivia Yaqueline Bazan Milagr.s Abad-Licham claudio Mengoa Hugo Fuentes Paola Montenegr. Eber. Poquioma r.ul Alatr.sta claudio J Flor.s Luis Taxa Faculty of Health Sciences Universidad Cientifica del SurLima 15038Peru GECO PEr. Grupo de Estudios Clinicos Oncologicos del PeruLima 15038Peru Depar.ment of r.sear.h Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades NeoplasicasLima 15038Peru Faculty of Human Medicine Universidad Ricardo PalmaLima 15039Peru Depar.ment of Medicine Surgical Pathology&Cytopathology UnitUniversity of PaduaPadua 35121Italy Depar.ment of Tr.nslational Molecular.Pathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030United States Depar.ment of Abdominal Sur.er. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades NeoplasicasLima 15038Peru Depar.ment of Pathology Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades NeoplasicasLima 15038Peru Depar.ment of Medical Specialties Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades NeoplasicasLima 15038Peru Depar.ment of Pathology Instituto Regional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas del NorteTrujillo 13001Peru Faculty of Human Medicine Universidad Privada Antenor OrregoTrujillo 13008Peru Depar.ment of Sur.er. Instituto Regional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas del SurArequipa 04002Peru Depar.ment of Medical Oncology Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades NeoplasicasLima 15038Peru Depar.ment of Epidemiology Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades NeoplasicasLima 15038Peru Unidad de Investigación Básica y Tr.slacional Oncosalud-AUNALima 15038Peru Faculty of Medicine Universidad San Martin de PorresLima 15008Peru

BACKGr.UND The influence of Helicobacter.pylor.(***)infection and the char.cter.stics of gastr.c cancer.GC)on tumor.infiltr.ting lymphocyte(TIL)levels has not been extensively *** of infiltr.ting-immune-cell subtypes as well as sur.ival is necessar. to obtain compr.hensive *** To deter.ine the r.tes of deficient mismatch-r.pair.dMMr.,HEr.-status and *** infection and their.association with TIL levels in *** Samples fr.m 503 r.sected GC tumor. wer. included and TIL levels wer. evaluated following the inter.ational-TILs-wor.ing-gr.up r.commendations with assessment of the intr.tumor.l(IT),str.mal(ST)and invasive-bor.er.IB)*** density of CD3,CD8 and CD163 immune cells,and dMMr.and HEr.-status wer. deter.ined by immunohistochemistr.(IHC).*** infection was evaluated by r.utine histology and quantitative PCr.qPCr.in a subset of *** dMMr.was found in 34.4%,HEr.+in 5%and ***-positive in 55.7%of *** IT-TIL was associated with gr.de-3(P=0.038),while ST-TIL with gr.de-1(Pr.cur.ence(P=0.003).dMMr.was associated with high TIL levels in the ST(P=0.019)and IB(P=0.01)compar.ments,and STCD3(P=0.049)and ST-CD8(P=0.05)***2-was associated with high IT-CD8(P=0.009).*** was associated with high IT-TIL levels(P=0.009)when assessed by r.utine-histology,and with high TIL levels in the 3 compar.ments(P=0.002-0.047)and CD8 density in the IT and ST compar.ments(P=0.001)when assessed by qPCr.A longer.over.ll sur.ival was associated with low IT-CD163(P=0.003)and CD8/CD3(P=0.001 in IT and P=0.002 in ST)and high IT-CD3(P=0.021),ST-CD3(P=0.003)and CD3/CD163(P=0.002).CONCLUSION TIL levels wer. r.lated to dMMr.and *** CD8/CD3 and high CD163/CD3 wer. associated with lower.r.cur.ence and longer.sur.ival.

关键词： Lymphocytes Macr.phages Gastr.c cancer Helicobacter.pylor. HEr. Mismatch r.pair

Cer.br.l and muscle tissue oxygenation dur.ng exer.ise in healthy adults: A systematic r.view

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Jour.al of Spor. and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 459-471,F0003页

作者： Diego Or.ioli-Silva Victor.Spiandor.Ber.tta Paulo Cezar.r.cha Santos Felipe Mar.oni r.steir. Anita Br.m Mar.stegan r.dr.go Vitor.o claudio Alexandr. Gobatto Fulvia Bar.os Manchado-Gobatto Labor.tor. of Applied Spor. Physiology(LAFAE) School of Applied Sciences(FCA)University of Campinas(UNICAMP)Limeira 13484-350Brazil Postur. and Gait Studies Labor.tor.(LEPLO) Institute of BiosciencesSao Paulo State University(UNESP)Rio Claro 13506-900Brazil Physical Education Depar.ment School of Technology and SciencesSao Paulo State University(UNESP)Presidente Prudente 19060-900Brazil Depar.ment of Computer.Science&Applied Mathematics Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel Center.of Advanced Technologies in r.habilitation Sheba Medical CenterRamat Gan 5265601Israel Depar.ment of Spor. Exercise and RehabilitationNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE18STUK

Backgr.und:Near.infr.r.d spectr.scopy(NIr.)technology has allowed for.the measur.ment of cer.br.l and skeletal muscle oxygenation simultaneously dur.ng *** this technology has been gr.wing and is now successfully used in labor.tor. and spor.s settings,this systematic r.view aimed to synthesize the evidence and enhance an integr.tive under.tanding of bloodﬂow adjustments and oxygen(O_(2))changes(i.e.,the balance between O_(2) deliver. and O_(2) consumption)within the cer.br.l and muscle systems dur.ng ***:A systematic r.view was conducted using PubMed,Embase,Scopus,and Web of Science databases to sear.h for.r.levant studies that simultaneously investigated cer.br.l and muscle hemodynamic changes using the near.infr.r.d spectr.scopy system dur.ng *** r.view consider.d manuscr.pts wr.tten in English and available befor. Febr.ar. 9,*** step of scr.ening involved evaluation by 2 inde-pendent author.,with disagr.ements r.solved by a thir. *** Joanna Br.ggs Institute Cr.tical Appr.isal Checklist was used to assess the methodological quality of the ***:Twenty studies wer. included,of which 80%had good methodological quality,and involved 290 young or.middle-aged *** types of exer.ises wer. used to assess cer.br.l and muscle hemodynamic changes,such as cycling(n=11),tr.admill(n=1),knee extension(n=5),isometr.c contr.ction of biceps br.chii(n=3),and duet swim r.utines(n=1).The cer.br.l hemodynamics anal-ysis was focused on the fr.ntal cor.ex(n=20),while in the muscle,the analysis involved vastus later.lis(n=18),gastr.cnemius(n=3),biceps br.chii(n=5),deltoid(n=1),and inter.ostal muscle(n=1).Over.ll,muscle deoxygenation incr.ases dur.ng exer.ise,r.aching a plateau in voluntar. exhaustion,while in the br.in,oxyhemoglobin concentr.tion incr.ases with exer.ise intensity,r.aching a plateau or.declining at the exhaustion ***:Muscle and cer.br.l oxygenation r.spond differ.ntly to exer.ise,with muscle

关键词： Near.infr.r.d spectr.scopy Hemodynamic Blood flow Br.in Muscle metabolism

Intr.plaque injections of hyalur.nic acid for.the tr.atment of stable-phase Peyr.nie’s disease:a r.tr.spective single-center.exper.ence

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Asian Jour.al of Andr.logy 2024年第3期26卷 268-271页

作者： Simone Cilio r.ber.o La r.cca Giuseppe Celentano claudio Mar.no Massimiliano Cr.ta Gianluigi Califano Celeste Manfr.di Gior.io Ivan r.sso Afonso Mor.ado Mar.o Falcone Mar.o Capece YAU Wor.ing Gr.up Sexual and r.pr.ductive Health Depar.ment of Neur.sciences Reproductive Sciences and OdontostomatologyUrology UnitUniversity of Naples“Federico II”Naples 80131Italy Ur.logy Unit Department of WomenChild and General and Specialized Surgery“Luigi Vanvitelli”UniversityNaples 80131Italy Ur.logy Section Department of SurgeryUniversityof CataniaCatania 95131Italy Depar.ment of Ur.logy Centro Hospitalar Universitário São JoãoPorto 4200-319Portugal Ur.logy Clinic-A.O.U.“Cittàdella Salute edella Scienza”-Molinette Hospital University of TurinTurin 10100Italy 不详

Peyr.nie’s disease(PD)is a condition of penile connective tissue affecting up to 10%of men *** the complexity ofits management,nonsur.ical tr.atments,such as intr.plaque injections,ar. gaining *** cur.ent liter.tur. shows dataon the efficacy of intr.plaque injections of hyalur.nic acid(HA)mainly in acute-phase ***,data on injections of HA instable-phase PD ar. *** for.this r.tr.spective study wer. der.ved fr.m a pr.spectively maintained database of pr.vatepatients pr.senting at a pr.vate medical pr.ctice affiliated to the Univer.ity of Naples“Feder.co II”(Naples,Italy)with stable-phasePD between Januar. 2020 and Mar.h *** under.ent a standar. pr.tocol of thr.e injections,each administer.d at atwo-week *** the inter.als,patients per.or.ed vacuum device ther.py,penile str.tching,and modeling *** compiled the Peyr.nie’s Disease Questionnair.(PDQ)and Global Assessment of Peyr.nie’s Disease(GAPD)at baselineand 2 weeks after.the thir. injection.A penile Doppler.ultr.sound was per.or.ed 2 weeks after.the last injection to r.cor. thefinal ***,we r.cr.ited 62 patients with stable-phase PD and a mean(±standar. deviation[s.d.])cur.atur. of52.7°(±9.7°).After.6 weeks,eight(12.9%)patients did not exper.ence any cur.atur. *** r.maining 54 patientshad a final mean(±s.d.)cur.atur. of 40.3°(±9.1°)with Pr.d to that befor. *** found impr.vement inall PDQ domains(all P≤0.01),and 50(80.6%)patients r.por.ed subjective impr.vement of the penile cur.atur. accor.ing to *** conclusion,we demonstr.ted that after.thr.e injections of HA administer.d accor.ing to the adopted pr.tocol,patientswith stable-phase PD could exper.ence significant impr.vements in penile cur.atur.,and physical and psychological consequencesof the disease without significantly r.levant side effects.

关键词： hyalur.nic acid intr.plaque injection Peyr.nie’s disease stable-phase ther.py

r.sampling appr.aches for.the quantitative analysis of spatially distr.buted cells

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Data Intelligence 2024年第1期6卷 104-119页

作者： Gior.io Ber.olazzi Michele Tumminello Gaia Mor.llo Beatr.ce Belmonte claudio Tr.podo Depar.ment of Economics Business and StatisticsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly Tumor.Immunology Unit Department of Health SciencesUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly Histopathology Unit Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation(IFOM)ETS-The AIRC Institute of Molecular OncologyMilanItaly

Image segmentation is a cr.cial step in var.ous image analysis pipelines and constitutes one of the cutting-edge ar.as of digital *** advent of quantitative analysis has enabled the evaluation of millions of individual cells in tissues,allowing for.the combined assessment of mor.hological featur.s,biomar.er.expr.ssion,and spatial *** r.cor.ed cells can be descr.bed as a point patter. ***,the classical statistical appr.aches to point patter. pr.cesses pr.ve unr.liable in this context due to the pr.sence of multiple ir.egular.y-shaped inter.titial cell-devoid spaces in the domain,which cor.espond to anatomical featur.s(***,lipid vacuoles,glandular.lumina)or.tissue ar.efacts(*** fr.ctur.s),and whose coor.inates ar. *** inter.titial spaces impede the accur.te calculation of the domain ar.a,r.sulting in biased cluster.ng ***,the mistaken inclusion of empty r.gions of the domain can dir.ctly impact the r.sults of hypothesis *** liter.tur. cur.ently lacks any intr.duced bias cor.ection method to addr.ss inter.titial cell-devoid *** addr.ss this gap,we pr.pose novel r.sampling methods for.testing spatial r.ndomness and evaluating r.lationships among differ.nt cell *** methods obviate the need for.domain ar.a estimation and pr.vide non-biased cluster.ng *** cr.ated the Spacer.softwar.(https://***/GBer.olazzi/Spacer.to enhance the accessibility of our.methodologies.

关键词： Digital pathology spatial cytometr. spatial cluster.ng spatial r.ndomness r.sampling