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Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) for the Prevention of HIV Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) at Roosevelt Hospital's Infectious Diseases Clinic in Guatemala: The Role of (LPV/r) Standard Dose

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World Journal of AIDS 2012年第3期2卷 259-264页

作者： Carlos Mejia Villatoro Maria Eugenia Luarte Guillermo Villatoro Natareno Julio Werner Juárez claudia Maria rodríguez Aura Bertila Gonzalez claudia Marleny Pérez Marisol Martinez Infectious Diseases Unit Roosevelt Hospital Guatemala City Guatemala Medical Division Abbott Laboratories Chicago USA

Introduction: The transmission of HIV from mother to child is reported from 30% to 40% without any intervention [1]. When all the measures for prevention are implemented, including treatment with HAART (Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment), the rate of infection can be reduced between 1% and 2% [2]. In Guatemala, the statistics demonstrated an estimated of 20,000 women living with HIV virus infection during the period of 2009. In this scenario, mother to child HIV transmission is an important public health fact. In preliminary reports, there is strong evidence of the impact of preventing mother to child transmission with Lopinavir/Ritonavir in Guatemala is showing a small incidence of new HIV infections and good tolerance [3,4]. Objective: To evaluate the effect of HAART with Lopinavir/Ritonavir on the prevention of mother to child transmission (PMCT) in HIV-positive pregnant women at Roosevelt Hospital in Guatemala City. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis study. The detection of pregnant HIV positive women and the follow up period was from January 2003 to December 2009, and a total of 219 women completed the follow up time. The HIV diagnosis and follow up for the child was made with molecular testing and antibody testing up to 18 months of age or until testing was negative. Adherence was quantified by pill counts. The interventions where offered to all the women in the cohort. Results: Regarding the pregnancy outcome, the study cohort gave a rate of abortion of 2.3%;10.6% of preterm births and 79.6% normal births. Of the 202/219 children born, there was a 1.4% rate of transmission (n = 3). The three infected children were born from mothers with high basal viral loads (xxx C/mL or higher). There were no serious adverse events related to antiretroviral therapy with Lopinavir/Ritonavir, with a 6.1% of non serious adverse events, most of them of gastrointestinal type, and anemia. Conclusions: The rate of transmission of HIV from mother to child was low in this

关键词： HIV Antiretroviral Pregnancy Lopinavir-Ritonavir

Improving Compost Process Efficiency by Leachates Inoculation and Shredding of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste at Bordo Poniente Composting Plant,Mexico City

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2021年第5期10卷 177-183页

作者： Francisco Javier Barrón-Santos Ma.Eugenia Gutiérrez-Castillo Luis Raúl Tovar-Gálvez Ma.Teresa Núñez-Cardona Ricardo Estrada-Núñez claudia rodríguez Tapia Alfonso Espitia-Cabrera Departamento de Posgrado Salud OcupacionalSeguridad e HigieneEscuela Nacional de Medicina y HomeopatíaInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de México 07320México Departamento de Biociencias e Ingeniería Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y DesarrolloInstituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de México 07340México Departamento El Hombre y su Ambiente Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana XochimilcoCiudad de México 04960México Secretaría de Obras y Servicios Gobierno de la Ciudad de MéxicoCiudad de México 06000México Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de México 07340México Departamento de Energía Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana AzcapotzalcoCiudad de México 02200México

Management of MSW(Municipal Solid Waste)is a major downside in most of the biggest *** composting of the organic fraction of MSW is one of the oldest and simplest ways of organic waste *** is a self-heating biological conversion that generates appropriate finished merchandise such as soil conditioner or *** City generates about 12,500 ton/day of MSW,44%of it is food scraps and yard trimmings which are the OFMSW(Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste),2,500 ton/day of it is composted at the BPCP(Bordo Poniente Composting Plant)yielding 500 ton/day of *** purpose of this study was to evaluate three treatments to accelerate the composting process,so eventually the city could increase the amount of the OFMSW at *** compared three different treatments;one of them showed a significant reduction in time of the composting process(p≤0.05)i.e.,it took less time to reach the thermophilic stage,maturity and stabilization *** was achieved at 35 days and 60 days to *** conclude that shredding the feedstock plus leachate inoculum addition at the beginning of the process,reduces the composting time in about 61%with respect to the time it takes at the BPCP,where lasted 90 days.

关键词： Composting organic fraction municipal solid waste inoculum leachates size particle

Olfactory receptors in neural regeneration in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2480-2494页

作者： Rafael Franco claudia Garrigós Toni Capó Joan Serrano-Marín Rafael Rivas-Santisteban Jaume Lillo Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiomedicineFacultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain CiberNed Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Spanish National Health Institute Carlos ⅢMadridSpain School of Chemistry Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Department of Biochemistry and Physiology School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Laboratory of Computational Medicine Biostatistics UnitFaculty of MedicineAutonomous University of BarcelonaCampus BellaterraBarcelonaSpain

Olfactory receptors are crucial for detecting odors and play a vital role in our sense of smell,influencing behaviors from food choices to emotional *** receptors also contribute to our perception of flavor and have potential applications in medical diagnostics and environmental *** ability of the olfactory system to regenerate its sensory neurons provides a unique model to study neural regeneration,a phenomenon largely absent in the central nervous *** gained from how olfactory neurons continuously replace themselves and reestablish functional connections can provide strategies to promote similar regenerative processes in the central nervous system,where damage often results in permanent *** the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning olfactory neuron regeneration could pave the way for developing therapeutic approaches to treat spinal co rd injuries and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's *** ctory receptors are found in almost any cell of eve ry orga n/tissue of the mammalian *** ectopic expression provides insights into the chemical structures that can activate olfactory *** addition to odors,olfactory receptors in ectopic expression may respond to endogenous compounds and molecules produced by mucosal colonizing *** analysis of the function of olfactory receptors in ectopic expression provides valuable information on the signaling pathway engaged upon receptor activation and the receptor's role in proliferation and cell differentiation *** review explo res the ectopic expression of olfa ctory receptors and the role they may play in neural regeneration within the central nervous system,with particular attention to compounds that can activate these receptors to initiate regenerative *** suggests that olfactory receptors could serve as potential therapeutic targets for enhancing neural repair and recovery following central nervous syste

关键词： adenosine receptors adrenergic receptors ectopic expression G proteincoupled receptors glia neurons

Fungal contamination of stored automobile-fuels in a tropical environment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第10期22卷 1595-1601页

作者： Carlos E.rodríguez-rodríguez Evelyn rodríguez Rigoberto Blanco Ivannia Cordero Daniel Segura Research Center in Tropical Diseases and Laboratory of Research in Anaerobic Bacteriology Faculty of MicrobiologyUniversity of Costa Rica Department of Chemical Engineering School of EngineeringAutonomous University of Barcelona Research Center in Electrochemistry and Chemical Energy University of Costa Rica

Because of the lack of reports, the base levels of microbial contamination on stored fuels are unknown in tropical regions and it is unclear whether these levels have some influence on fuel quality parameters. Therefore, fungal quality in automobile fuels stored across Costa Rican territory was evaluated during two years according to the standard ASTM D6974-04. For a total of 96 samples, counts and identification of molds and yeasts were performed on regular gas, premium gas and diesel taken from the bottom and superior part of the container tanks. The highest contamination was found on the bottom of the tanks, where an aqueous phase was usually identified, showing populations over the ones present in the hydrocarbon itself （up to 108 CFU/L）. Diesel was the most contaminated fuel （up to 107 CFO/L）; however, an alteration on the physicochemical parameters was not observed in any kind of fuel. Seventy-five mold strains were isolated, Penicillium sp. being the most common genus （45.8% of the samples）, and ten yeast strains, from the genera Candida sp. and Rhodotorula sp. Four of the yeasts were able to grow on diesel as the sole carbon source, at concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 25%. Increasing the frequency of tank cleaning, adding antimicrobial agents and monitoring microbial populations are recommended strategies to improve microbial quality of stored fuels.

关键词： fuel microbial contamination biodegradation molds yeasts

Origin and evolution of the genera Lonsdaleia and Actinocyathus:Insights for the Mississippian palaeogeography from the western Palaeotethys

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2023年第2期12卷 296-310页

作者： Isabel rodríguez-Castro Ian D.Somerville Sergio rodríguez Departamento de Geodinamica Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaUniversidad Complutense de Madrid28040MadridSpain UCD School of Earth Sciences University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland Instituto de Geociencias(CSIC UCM)Ciudad Universitaria28040MadridSpain

Representatives of the subfamily Lonsdaleiinae Chapman,1893 are common in the Mississippian of the western Palaeotethys.A general analysis of the origin,distribution and evolution of that subfamily has been *** most probable hypothesis for the origin of the genus Lonsdaleia McCoy,1849 is to acquire colonialism via the genus Axophyllum Milne Edwards and Haime,*** d'Orbigny,1849 would be a descendant of Lonsdaleia by increasing integration in the *** first occurrences of Lonsdaleia have been recorded in the lower Visean from northern Britain and northern Tianshan Mountains of northwestern China,but the diversification and migration to the whole Palaeotethys only happened in the late *** hypotheses are proposed on that *** Serpukhovian was also a period of migrations and diversification for these *** Lonsdaleia and Actinocyathus have been recorded in Bashkirian refuges,the Sverdrup Basin in northern Laurasia and the Tindouf Basin in northern Africa,*** division of the western Palaeotethys into six subprovinces based on the distribution of corals is proposed.

关键词： Carboniferous Palaeotethys Biogeography Evolution Rugosa

Complexity of adaptive testing in scenarios defined extensionally

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2023年第3期17卷 11-28页

作者： Ismael rodrÍguez David RUBIO Fernando RUBIO Dpto.Sistemas Informáticos y Computación Facultad de InformáticaUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadrid 28040Spain Instituto de Tecnologías del Conocimiento Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid 28040Spain Instituto de Biomecánica de Valencia.Universitat Politècnica de València València 46022Spain

In this paper,we consider a testing setting where the set of possible definitions of the Implementation Under Test(IUT),as well as the behavior of each of these definitions in all possible interactions,are extensionally defined,i.e.,on an element-by-element and case-by-case *** this setting,the problem of finding the minimum testing strategy such that collected observations will necessarily let us decide whether the IUT is correct or not(i.e.,whether it necessarily belongs to the set of possible correct definitions or not)is studied in four possible problem variants:with or without non-determinism;and with or without more than one possible definition in the sets of possible correct and incorrect *** computational complexity of these variants is studied,and properties such as PSPACE-completeness and Log-APX-hardness are identified.

关键词： formal testing adaptive testing computational complexity PSPACE-completeness approximation hardness

Observation of performance measures of STEMI in elderly after implementation of an updated protocol:results from a single center without coronary interventions

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第11期19卷 930-936页

作者： Miguel rodríguez-Ramos General Hospital Camilo Cienfuegos Bartolome Maso and Mirto Streets Sancti SpiritusCuba

As life expectancy increases,heart conditions,and especially acute coronary syndromes(ACS),are becoming a greater health issue.[1-3]Accordingly,the number of elderly patients in registries of myocardial infarction,is increasingly growing.[4,5]However,elderly patients are less likely to be treated with invasive strategy compared to younger patients,despite their intrinsic greater risk.[6,7]Several reports have described how quality initiatives improve treatment of ST elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI).

关键词： coronary STEMI Observation

Non-human primate pluripotent stem cells for the preclinical testing of regenerative therapies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第9期17卷 1867-1874页

作者： Ignacio rodríguez-Polo Rüdiger Behr Research Platform Degenerative Diseases German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGöttingenGermany German Center for Cardiovascular Research(DZHK) Partner Site GöttingenGöttingenGermany

Non-human primates play a key role in the preclinical validation of pluripotent stem cell-based cell replacement *** stem cells used as advanced therapy medical products boost the possibility to regenerate tissues and organs affected by degenerative ***,the methods to derive human induced pluripotent stem cell and embryonic stem cell lines following clinical standards have quickly developed in the last 15 *** the preclinical validation of cell replacement therapies in non-human primates,it is necessary to generate non-human primate pluripotent stem cell with a homologous quality to their human ***,pluripotent stem cell technologies have developed at a slower pace in non-human primates in comparison with human cell *** recent years,however,relevant progress has also been made with non-human primate pluripotent stem *** review provides a systematic overview of the progress and remaining challenges for the generation of non-human primate induced pluripotent stem cells/embryonic stem cells for the preclinical testing and validation of cell replacement *** focus on the critical domains of(1)reprogramming and embryonic stem cell line derivation,(2)cell line maintenance and characterization and,(3)application of non-human primate pluripotent stem cells in the context of selected preclinical studies to treat cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders performed in non-human primates.

关键词： embryonic stem cells induced pluripotent stem cells non-human primates pluripotent stem cells preclinical regeneration reprogramming translational research

Gromov Hyperbolicity of Riemann Surfaces

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2007年第2期23卷 209-228页

作者： José M.rodríguez EVa TOURIS Departamento de Matemáticas Universidad Carlos Ⅲ de MadridAvenida de la Universidad 3028911 LeganésMadridSpain

We study the hyperbolicity in the Gromov sense of Riemann surfaces. We deduce the hyperbolicity of a surface from the hyperbolicity of its ＂building block components＂. We also prove the equivalence between the hyperbolicity of a Riemann surface and the hyperbolicity of some graph associated with it. These results clarify how the decomposition of a Riemann surface into Y-pieces and funnels affects the hyperbolicity of the surface. The results simplify the topology of the surface and allow us to obtain global results from local information.

关键词： Gromov hyperbolicity hyperbolic Riemann surface