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Advanced diagnostics for pancreatic cysts: Confocal endomicroscopy and molecular analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第22期25卷 2734-2742页

作者： claire Durkin Somashekar G Krishna Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionThe Ohio State University College of Medicine

Technological advances and the widespread use of medical imaging have led to an increase in the identification of pancreatic cysts in patients who undergo crosssectional imaging. Current methods for the diagnosis and risk-stratification of pancreatic cysts are suboptimal, resulting in both unnecessary surgical resection and overlooked cases of neoplasia. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for guiding how a pancreatic cyst is managed, whether with surveillance for low-risk lesions or surgical resection for high-risk lesions. This review aims to summarize the current literature on confocal endomicroscopy and cyst fluid molecular analysis for the evaluation of pancreatic cysts. These recent technologies are promising adjuncts to existing approaches with the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and ultimately patient outcomes.

关键词： Pancreatic cysts Confocal endomicroscopy Molecular analysis Molecular biomarkers Pancreatic cancer

Diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and hepatitis C virus infection: A contemporary review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第9期23卷 1697-1711页

作者： Anne-claire Desbois Patrice Cacoub Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department Sorbonne Universités UMR_S 959 French National Institute of Health and Medical Research FRE3632 The French National Center for Scientific Research Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière AP-HP

To summarise the literature data on hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients concerning the prevalence of glucose abnormalities and associated *** conducted a PubMed search and selected all studies found with the key words 'HCV' or 'hepatitis C virus' and 'diabetes' or 'insulin resistance'. We included only comparative studies written in English or in French, published from January 2000 to April 2015. We collected the literature data on HCV-infected patients concerning the prevalence of glucose abnormalities [diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin resistance (IR)] and associated risk [i.e., severe liver fibrosis, response to antivirals, and the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)].RESULTSHCV infection is significantly associated with DM/IR compared with healthy volunteers and patients with hepatitis B virus infection. Glucose abnormalities were associated with advanced liver fibrosis, lack of sustained virologic response to interferon alfa-based treatment and with a higher risk of HCC development. As new antiviral therapies may offer a cure for HCV infection, such data should be taken into account, from a therapeutic and preventive point of view, for liver and non-liver consequences of HCV disease. The efficacy of antidiabetic treatment in improving the response to antiviral treatment and in decreasing the risk of HCC has been reported by some studies but not by others. Thus, the effects of glucose abnormalities correction in reducing liver events need further *** abnormalities are strongly associated with HCV infection and show a negative impact on the main liver related outcomes.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Diabetes mellitus Insulin resistance Liver fibrosis Treatment

Stable Adult Growth but Reduced Asexual Fecundity in Marginopora vertebralis,under Global Climate Change Scenarios

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第6期33卷 1400-1410页

作者： claire E.Reymond Frances Patel Sven Uthicke School of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China School of Geosciences The University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia Australian Institute of Marine Science Townsville MCQld4810Australia

Large benthic foraminifera are an integral component of shallow-water tropical habitats and like many marine calcifiers,are susceptible to ocean acidification(OA)and ocean warming(OW).In particular,the prolific Symbiodiniaceae-bearing and high-magnesium calcite Marginopora vertebralis has a low threshold compared to several diatom-bearing and low-magnesium calcite *** this multi-year mesocosm experiment,we tested three RPC 8.5 climate change scenarios(i)present day,(ii)the year 2050,and(iii)*** enable a realistic epiphytic association,these experiments were uniquely conducted using natural carbonate substrate,living calcifying alga,and *** contrast to previous studies,we detected no reduction in surface-area growth under future climate conditions compared with present day *** terms of calcification,***’epiphytic association to primary producers(i.e.,calcifying algae and seagrasses)potentially ameliorates the effects of OA by buffering against declines in boundary layer pH during periods of photosynthesis(i.e.,CO_(2)removal).Importantly for population maintenance,we observed a strong reduction in asexual fecundity under the 2100 *** propose the additional energy needed to maintain growth might be one reason for drastically reduced asexual *** alternative explanation could be that the 2℃temperature increase interfered with the environmental synchronization that triggered asexual multiple *** conclude that the low levels of reproduction will reduce populations in a high CO_(2)environment and reduce a valuable source of CaCO_(3) sediment production.

关键词： mesocosm experiment ocean acidification ocean warming large benthic foraminifera carbonate production tropical reef asexual reproduction climate change

Root and leaf functional trait relations in Poaceae species: implications of differing resource- acquisition strategies

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第3期6卷 211-219页

作者： Florian Fort claire Jouany Pablo Cruz INRA UMR 1248 AGIRCentre de recherche de ToulouseCS 5262731326 Castanet-TolosanCedexFrance

Aims root systems play an essential role in grassland functioning in both acquisition and storage of ***,root functional traits have not received as much attention as those measured on above-ground organs,and little is known about their *** objec-tives were to test whether morphological and root system traits allowed identification of grass species’functional strategies and to determine whether a relation exists between above-and below-ground *** Functional traits of root tissues(specific root length,diameter,tissue density and nitrogen concentration),whole root systems(root mass,root length density,root mass percentage below a depth of 20 cm and fine root%)and two major leaf traits(specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content)were determined under field conditions and their rela-tions were analysed in eleven perennial temperate Poaceae *** Findings Canonical correspondence analysis along axis 1 revealed a gra-dient of species,from those with deep,dense and coarse root systems with a large root mass to those with shallow root sys-tems,thin roots and high specific root length;this suggests strong correlations among root *** between specific root length and specific leaf area reveal two groups of species,which probably indicates different drought-tolerance *** trait syndromes enable ranking grasses along a gradient from conservative-strategy species(from stressful habitats),which display a deep and coarse root system,to acquisitive species(from rich and moist meadows),which display a shallow and thin root *** both types display similar above-ground strategies,drought-tolerant species have lower specific root lengths than drought-sensitive species,revealing more conservative root strategies.

关键词： root functional trait functional group grasses root ecology below-ground strategy

Endocytosis by target cells:an essential means for perforin-and granzyme-mediated killing

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012年第1期9卷 5-6页

作者： claire Gordy You-Wen He Department of Immunology Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA

D espite the critical role of cell-mediated immunity in defense against intracellular pathogens,cancer immunosurveillance and development of autoimmunity,the precise mechanisms governing the killing of target cells by cytotoxic T cells(CTLs)and natural killer(NK)cells have remained poorly *** a study published in Nature Immunology,Thiery and colleagues have for the first time visualized the movement of the cytotoxic granule proteins perforin and granzymes from the killer cell to the target cell,challenging the textbook model of granulemediated cytotoxicity and providing direct evidence for a multistep endocytosis-mediated mechanism for the entry of granzymes to the target cell’s cytoplasm.

关键词： mediated immunity killer

Mechanisms of cancer metastasis to the bone

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Cell Research 2005年第1期15卷 57-62页

作者： claire B. POLLOCK,Kathleen KELLY Cell and Cancer Biology Branch NCI NIH Bethesda MD 20892 USA Cell and Cancer Biology Branch NCI NIH Bethesda MD 20892 USA

Some of the most common human cancers, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer, metastasize with avidity to bone. What is the basis for their preferential growth within the bone microenvironment? Bidirectional interactions between tumor cells and cells that make up bone result in a selective advantage for tumor growth and can lead to bone destruction or new bone matrix deposition. This review discusses our current understanding of the molecu- lar components and mechanisms that are responsible for those interactions.

关键词： cancer bone metastases osteolytic metastasis osteoblastic metastasis.

Landslide Research at the British Geological Survey:Capture,Storage and Interpretation on a National and Site-Specific Scale

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第5期83卷 991-999页

作者： Catherine PENNINGTON claire FOSTER Jonathan CHAMBERS Gareth JENKINS British Geological Survey KeyworthNottinghamshireNG12 5GGUK

Landslide research at the British Geological Survey （BGS） is carried out through a number of activities, including surveying, database development and real-time monitoring of landslides. Landslide mapping across the UK has been carried out since BGS started geological mapping in 1835. Today, BGS geologists use a combination of remote sensing and ground-based investigations to survey landslides. The development of waterproof tablet computers （BGS＇SIGMAmobile）, with inbuilt GPS and GIS for field data capture provides an accurate and rapid mapping methodology for field surveys. Regional and national mapping of landslides is carried out in conjunction with site-specific monitoring, using terrestrial LiDAR and differential GPS technologies, which BGS has successfully developed for this application. In addition to surface monitoring, BGS is currently developing geophysical ground-imaging systems for landslide monitoring, which provide real-time information on subsurface changes prior to failure events. BGS＇s mapping and monitoring activities directly feed into the BGS National Landslide Database, the most extensive source of information on landslides in Great Britain. It currently holds over 14 000 records of landslide events. By combining BGS＇s corporate datasets with expert knowledge, BGS has developed a landslide hazard assessment tool, GeoSure, which provides information on the relative landslide hazard susceptibility at national scale.

关键词： landslide National Landslide Database GeoSure hazard LiDAR geophysics

Adversarial Neural Network Classifiers for COVID-19 Diagnosis in Ultrasound Images

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1683-1697页

作者： Mohamed Esmail Karar Marwa Ahmed Shouman claire Chalopin Department of Industrial Electronics and Control Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering(FEE)Menoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt Department of Computer Engineering and Networks College of Computing and Information TechnologyShaqra UniversityShaqra11961Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering(FEE)Menoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt Innovation Center for Computer Assisted Surgery(ICCAS) Universit鋞LeipzigLeipzig04103Germany

The novel Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has begun in China and is still affecting thousands of patient livesworldwide *** X-ray and Computed Tomography are the gold standardmedical imaging modalities for diagnosing potentially infected COVID-19 cases,applying Ultrasound(US)imaging technique to accomplish this crucial diagnosing task has attracted many physicians *** this article,we propose two modified deep learning classifiers to identify COVID-19 and pneumonia diseases in US images,based on generative adversarial neural networks(GANs).The proposed image classifiers are a semi-supervised GAN and a modifiedGANwith auxiliary *** one includes a modified discriminator to identify the class of the US image using semi-supervised learning technique,keeping its main function of defining the“realness”of tested *** tests have been successfully conducted on public dataset of US images acquired with a convex US *** study demonstrated the feasibility of using chest US images with two GAN classifiers as a new radiological tool for clinical check of COVID-19 *** results of our proposed GAN models showed that high accuracy values above 91.0%were obtained under different sizes of limited training data,outperforming other deep learning-based methods,such as transfer learning models in the recent ***,the clinical implementation of our computer-aided diagnosis of US-COVID-19 is the future work of this study.

关键词： COVID-19 medical imaging machine learning applications adversarial neural networks ultrasound

Comment on: survival outcomes after portal vein embolization and liver resection compared with liver transplant for patients with extensive colorectal cancer liver metastases

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2021年第4期10卷 507-509页

作者： claire Goumard Olivier Scatton Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation PitiéSalpêtrière HospitalSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance

We read with great interest the work of Dueland et *** issued in JAMA Surgery(1).In this retrospective study gathering data from several prospective cohorts from Norway,the authors compare oncological outcome of patients who underwent liver transplantation(LT)*** venous embolization(PVE)followed by liver resection(LR)for colorectal liver metastasis(CRLM).

关键词： Surgery liver metastasis