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Towards predicting biochar impacts on plant-available soil nitrogen content

Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 1040-1054页

作者： claire l.phillips Kylie M.Meyer Manuel Garcia-Jaramillo Clara S.Weidman Catherine E.Stewart Thomas Wanzek Michael A.Grusak Donald W.Watts Jeff Novak Kristin M.Trippe USDA-ARS National laboratory for Agriculture and Environment AmesIAUSA USDA-ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit CorvallisORUSA Department of Environmental Toxicology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA USDA-ARS Soil Management and Sugarbeet Research Unit Ft.CollinsCOUSA USDA-ARS Edward T.Schafer Agricultural Research Center FargoNDUSA USDA-ARS Coastal Plain Soil Waterand Plant Research CenterFlorenceSCUSA

Biochars can improve soil health but have been widely shown to reduce plant-available nitrogen(N)owing to their high carbon(C)content,which stimulates microbial ***,because biochars contain large amounts of C that are not microbially available,their total elemental C:N ratio does not correspond well with impacts on soil *** hypothesized that impacts on soil plant-available N would relate to biochar mineralizable-C(C_(min))content,and that C:N ratios of the mineralizable biochar component could provide a means for predicting conditions of net soil N-mineralization *** conducted two laboratory experiments,the first measuring biochar C_(min)from respiration of isotopically labeled barley biochars manufactured at 300,500,and 750℃,and the second characterizing C_(min)by proxy measurements for ten biochars from six feedstocks at several *** both experiments,soils were incubated with 2%biochar by mass to determine impacts to soil *** to expectation,all the biochars increased soil N-mineralization relative to unamended *** unexpected,higher temperature(500 and 700℃)barley biochars with less C_(min)stimulated more soil decomposition and more soil N-mineralization than a 350℃barley ***,across diverse biochar feedstocks and production methods,none of the biochar characteristics correlated with soil *** finding of improved soil N-mineralization adds complexity to the range of soil N responses that can be expected in response to biochar *** of the limited ability to predict soil N responses from biochar properties,users should monitor soil N to manage soil fertility.

关键词： C:N ratio Plant-available nitrogen Priming Respiration ^(13)C

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Preliminary evaluation of a decision support tool for biochar amendment

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Biochar 2020年第1期2卷 93-105页

作者： claire l.phillips Sarah E.light Adam lindsley Thomas A.Wanzek Kylie M.Meyer Kristin M.Trippe USDA-ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit 3450 SW Campus WayCorvallisOR 97331USA University of California Cooperative Extension 142A Garden HighwayYuba CityCA 95991USA Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

Meta-analyses have shown that only about half of biochar addition studies report improved plant *** improve yield response,here we describe a decision support tool(DST)for selecting a biochar type and amendment rate to meet soil and crop management goals,based on soil and biochar tests values and crop requirements as reported by regional extension *** data from a greenhouse wheat trial,we assessed whether this approach could predict changes in soil chemistry and whether it could identify soils in which amendment would stimulate crop *** data indicated that the DST could provide semi-quantitative predictions of biochar amendment rates needed to meet target soil pH levels,with recommended rates averaging 25%higher than were *** DST was better at predicting biochar application rates to provision P and *** six soil types,post-harvest measurements of extractable-K showed an average 104%recovery of the quantities estimated to be provisioned by conifer wood or wheat straw ***-P recovery averaged 101%in two sandy soils with low P-retention but was considerably lower in four soils with higher P-retention ***-house data also showed that wheat growth improved only when biochar alleviated pH that was substantially below critical thresholds for plant growth,and supported the principle of using crop-specific pH requirements as part of an approach for biochar *** field trials that evaluate yield responses in several nutrient-deficient or acidified soils will be needed to provide a robust evaluation of this DST.

关键词： Wheat liming Phosphorous Potassium Yield response

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Biochar addition to vineyard soils:effects on soil functions,grape yield and wine quality

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Biochar 2021年第4期3卷 565-577页

作者： Manuel García-Jaramillo Kylie M.Meyer claire l.phillips Verónica Acosta-Martínez James Osborne Alexander D.levin Kristin M.Trippe Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 93771USA USDA-ARS Forage Seed and Cereal Research Unit3450 SW Campus WayCorvallisOR 97331USA Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 93771USA USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the EnvironmentAmesIA 50011USA Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Unit USDA-ARSLubbockTX 79415USA Department of Food Science and Technology Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA Southern Oregon Research and Extension Center Oregon State UniversityCentral PointOR 97502USA Department of Horticulture Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA

In response to increasing concerns over climate change,soil health and wine quality,grape growers are seeking new practices(e.g.,biochar application)to minimize their environmental footprint while increasing productivity and the quality of their *** explore the potential of biochar-based amendments to achieve these goals in wine grape production,vineyard trials were established in the fall of *** Oregon sites were chosen with distinct soil types and climates(Willamette Valley and Rogue Valley)but planted with the same grapevine scion/rootstock Pinot noir *** treatments were applied under vines at each location:no biochar-no tillage(NT);no biochar+tillage(B0);18 tons ha^(−1)biochar+tillage(B18);35 tons ha^(−1)biochar+tillage(B35).In 2019,a suite of soil health,plant,and crop variables were measured,and wines were produced after *** incorporation of biochar modified the chemical and physical composition of soils at the two studied locations,increasing the bioavailability of carbon and nitrogen,their gravimetric water content and the concentration of plant available micro and macro *** responses of plant physiology parameters or productivity at either site were found after biochar incorporation when compared with ***,a significant and gradual decrease in the amount of wine tannins was found as a result of biochar application in wines produced from grapes from the Woodhall ***-term field experiments are required to assess the effects of biochar on soil properties,vine physiol-ogy,productivity,and grape and wine quality several years after incorporation.

关键词： Soil health C sequestration Wine quality

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Recent advances in the understanding and management of chronic pancreatitis pain

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Journal of Pancreatology 2024年第1期7卷 35-44页

作者： Jessica Walker Olivia l.Babyok Jami l.Saloman Anna Evans phillips Department of Internal Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUnited States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUnited States Center for Pain Research Center for NeuroscienceSchool of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUnited States

Abdominal pain is the most common symptom of chronic pancreatitis(CP)and is often debilitating for patients and very difficult to *** date,there exists no cure for the *** strategies focus on symptom management and on mitigation of disease progression by reducing toxin exposure and avoiding recurrent inflammatory *** treatment protocols start with medical management followed by consideration of procedural or surgical intervention on selected patients with severe and persistent *** incorporation of adjuvant therapies to treat comorbidities including psychiatric disorders,exocrine pancreatic insufficiency,mineral bone disease,frailty,and malnutrition,are in its early *** clinical studies and animal models have been designed to improve investigation into the pathophysiology of CP pain,as well as to improve pain *** the array of tools available,many therapeutic options for the management of CP pain provide incomplete *** still remains much to discover about the neural regulation of pancreas-related *** this review,we will discuss research from the last 5 years that has provided new insights into novel methods of pain phenotyping and the pathophysiology of CP *** discoveries have led to improvements in patient selection for optimization of outcomes for both medical and procedural management,and identification of potential future therapies.

关键词： Central sensitization Chronic pancreatitis Pain phenotyping Peripheral sensitization

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The influence of resistance exercise training prescription variables on skeletal muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy adults:An umbrella review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 47-60页

作者： Jonathan C.Mcleod Brad S.Currier Caroline V.lowisz Stuart M.phillips Department of Kinesiology Faculty of ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamilton L8S4L8Canada

Purpose:The aim of this umbrella review was to determine the impact of resistance training(RT)and individual RT prescription variables on muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy ***:Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,we systematically searched and screened eligible systematic reviews reporting the effects of differing RT prescription variables on muscle mass(or its proxies),strength,and/or physical function in healthy adults aged>18 ***:We identified 44 systematic reviews that met our inclusion *** methodological quality of these reviews was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews;standardized effectiveness statements were *** found that RT was consistently a potent stimulus for increasing skeletal muscle mass(4/4 reviews provide some or sufficient evidence),strength(4/6 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and physical function(1/1 review provided some evidence).RT load(6/8 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),weekly frequency(2/4 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),volume(3/7 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and exercise order(1/1 review provided some evidence)impacted RT-induced increases in muscular *** discovered that 2/3 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence that RT volume and contraction velocity influenced skeletal muscle mass,while 4/7 reviews provided insufficient evidence in favor of RT load impacting skeletal muscle *** was insufficient evidence to conclude that time of day,periodization,inter-set rest,set configuration,set end point,contraction velocity/time under tension,or exercise order(only pertaining to hypertrophy)influenced skeletal muscle adaptations.A paucity of data limited insights into the impact of RT prescription variables on physical ***:Overall,RT increased muscle mass,strength,and physical function compared to no ***

关键词： Hypertrophy Resistance training Resistance training prescription variables Strength Umbrella review

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From bibliometric analysis: 3D printing design strategies and battery applications with a focus on zinc‐ion batteries

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SmartMat 2024年第1期5卷 59-82页

作者： Xuan Gao Kejiang liu Chang Su Wei Zhang Yuhang Dai Ivan P.Parkin claire J.Carmalt Guanjie He Christopher Ingold laboratory Department of ChemistryUniversity College LondonLondonUK Electrochemical Innovation lab(EIl) Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUK Department of Physics Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina Nanyang Technopreneurship Center Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore

Three‐dimensional(3D)printing has the potential to revolutionize the way energy storage devices are designed and *** this paper,we explore the use of 3D printing in the design and production of energy storage devices,especially zinc‐ion batteries(ZIBs)and examine its potential advantages over traditional manufacturing methods.3D printing could significantly improve the customization of ZIBs,making it a promising strategy for the future of energy *** particular,3D printing allows for the creation of complex,customized geometries,and designs that can optimize the energy density,power density,and overall performance of ***,we discuss and compare the impact of 3D printing design strategies based on different configurations of film,interdigitation,and framework on energy storage devices with a focus on ***,3D printing enables the rapid prototyping and production of batteries,reducing leading times and costs compared with traditional manufacturing ***,there are also challenges and limitations to consider,such as the need for further development of suitable 3D printing materials and processes for energy storage applications.

关键词： 3D printing battery commercialization bibliometric analysis electrode configurations zinc‐ion battery

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Adjusting to climate:Acclimation,adaptation and developmental plasticity in physiological traits of a tropical rainforest lizard

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第4期13卷 411-427页

作者： John llEWElYN Stewart l.MACDONAlD Craig MORITZ Felipe MARTINS AmberleeHATCHER Ben l.phillips Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia CSIRO land and Water TownsvilleQueenslandAustralia Centre for Biodiversity Analysis Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia School of BioSciences University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

The impact of climate change may be felt most keenly by tropical *** these taxa,it is argued,thermal specialization means a given shift in temperature will have a larger effect on *** species with limited dispersal ability,the impact of climate change depends on the capacity for their climate-relevant traits to *** shifts can occur through genetic adaptation,various forms of plasticity,or a combination of these *** we assess the extent and causes of shifts in 7 physiological traits in a tropical lizard,the rainforest sunskink(lampropholis coggeri).Two populations were sampled that differ from each other in both climate and physiological *** compared trait values in each animal soon after field collection versus following acclimation to laboratory *** also compared trait values between populations in:(i)recently field-collected animals;(ii)the same animals following laboratory acclimation;and(iii)the laboratory-reared offspring of these *** results reveal high trait lability,driven primarily by acclimation and local *** contrast,developmental plasticity,resulting from incubation temperature,had little to no effect on most *** results suggest that,while specialized,tropical ectotherms may be capable of rapid shifts in climate-relevant traits.

关键词： acclimation adaptation climate change ectotherm reptile

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Time dependent integration of matrix metalloproteinases and their targeted substrates directs axonal sprouting and synaptogenesis following central nervous system injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第4期9卷 362-376页

作者： linda l.phillips Julie l.Chan Adele E.Doperalski Thomas M.Reeves Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA

Over the past two decades, many investigators have reported how extracellular matrix molecules act to regulate neuroplasticity. The majority of these studies involve proteins which are targets of matrix metalloproteinases. Importantly, these enzyme/substrate interactions can regulate degenerative and regenerative phases of synaptic plasticity, directing axonal and dendritic reorganization after brain insult. The present review first summarizes literature support for the prominent role of matrix metalloproteinases during neuroregeneration, followed by a discussion of data contrasting adaptive and maladaptive neuroplasticity that reveals time-dependent metalloproteinase/substrate regulation of postinjury synaptic recovery. The potential for these enzymes to serve as therapeutic targets for enhanced neuroplasticity after brain injury is illustrated with experiments demonstrating that metalloproteinase inhibitors can alter adaptive and maladaptive outcome. Finally, the complexity of metalloproteinase role in reactive synaptogenesis is revealed in new studies showing how these enzymes interact with immune molecules to mediate cellular response in the local regenerative environment, and are regulated by novel binding partners in the brain extracellular matrix. Together, these different examples show the complexity with which metalloproteinases are integrated into the process of neuroregeneration, and point to a promising new angle for future studies exploring how to facilitate brain plasticity.

关键词： neuroregeneration reactive synaptogenesis matrix metalloproteinases brain injury adaptive and maladaptive neuroplasticity metalloproteinase inhibition osteopontin lipocalin 2

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Amplitude-mode spectroscopy of chemically injected and photogenerated charge carriers in semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes

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Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 5619-5625页

作者： Shai R。Vardeny Alan phillips Kira A。Thurman ZValy Vardeny Jeffrey l.Blackburn Division of Electrical Electronicand Infocommunications EngineeringOsaka University2-1 Yamada-okaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Materials Chemistryand Computation Science DirectorateNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryGoldenCO 80401USA Department of Physics Colorado School of MinesGoldenCO 80401USA Department of Physics&Astronomy University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA

In one-dimensional semiconductors such as conjugated polymers and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes(s-SWCNTs),injected charge carriers(electrons or holes)can have profound impacts on both electronic conductivity and optical spectra,even at low carrier *** charge-related spectral features is a key fundamental challenge with important technological ***,we employ a systematic suite of experimental and theoretical tools to understand the mid-infrared charge signatures of heavily p-type doped polymer-wrapped *** a broad range of nanotube diameters,we find that hole charge carriers induce strong Fano anti-resonances in mid-infrared transmission spectra that correspond to defect-related(D-band)and in-plane tangential(G-band)Raman-active vibrational modes,along with antiresonances arising from infrared(IR)-active polymer and SWCNT *** employ^(13)C isotope-labeled s-SWCNTs and a removable wrapping polymer to clarify the relative intensities,energies,and sources of all observed *** performed with the“amplitude mode model”are used to quantitatively reproduce Raman spectra and also help to explain the outsized intensity of the D-band anti-resonance,relative to the G-band,observed for both moderately and degenerately doped *** results provide a framework for future studies of ground-and excited-state charge carriers in s-SWCNTs and a variety of low-dimensional materials.

关键词： carbon nanotubes doping charge carriers phonons electron-phonon coupling

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor rs6265(Val66Met)single nucleotide polymorphism as a master modifier of human pathophysiology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第1期18卷 102-106页

作者： Van Thuan Nguyen Braxton Hill Naiya Sims Aaron Heck Marcus Negron claire lusk Cristi lGalindo Department of Biology Western Kentucky UniversityBowling GreenKYUSA

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is the most prevalent member of the nerve growth factor *** its discovery in 1978,this enigmatic molecule has spawned more than 27,000 publications,most of which are focused on neurological ***-derived neurotrophic factor is indispensable during embryogenesis and postnatally for the normal development and function of both the central and peripheral nervous *** is becoming increasingly clear,however,that brain-derived neurotrophic factor likewise plays crucial roles in a variety of other biological functions independently of sympathetic or parasympathetic ***-derived neurotrophic factor is also increasingly recognized as a sophisticated environmental sensor and master coordinator of whole organismal *** that point,we recently found that a common nonsynonymous(Val66→Met)single nucleotide polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene(rs6265)not only substantially alters basal cardiac transcriptomics in mice but subtly influences heart gene expression and function differentially in males and *** addition to a short description of recent results from associative neuropsychiatric studies,this review provides an eclectic assortment of research reports that support a modulatory role for rs6265 including and beyond the central nervous system.

关键词： brain-derived neurotrophic factor neuropsychiatric disorders rs6265 Val66Met

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