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Quantifying Environmental Impacts of Temporary Housing at the Urban Scale: Intersection of Vulnerability and PostHurricane Relief in New Orleans

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第4期10卷 478-492页

作者： claire McConnell Chiara bertolin Department of Architecture and Technology Norwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)7491 TrondheimNorway Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)7491 TrondheimNorway

The increasing risk and exposure of people and assets to natural hazards and disasters suggests an increasing need for temporary housing following *** to natural hazards is dependent on the resources available to families or communities to prepare for and mitigate risk,influenced by social *** study seeks to quantify the total environmental impact of temporary housing deployment in New Orleans,using the catastrophic impact of Hurricane Katrina in southern Louisiana in August 2005 as a case *** employ a novel approach to estimate displacement period and take into account social vulnerability across New Orleans neighborhoods to better understand the scale of post-disaster relief and its global warming *** methodology implemented in this study comprises three steps:a risk assessment,a life cycle assessment,and a resulting total impact *** demonstrate the considerable risk of greenhouse gas emissions and energy impacts from temporary housing deployment linked to hurricane ***,we show that environmental impact is highly sensitive to displacement period and find the current methodology of anticipating temporary housing use by hazard alone to be ***,the approach presented in this article provides tools to politicians and disaster risk professionals that allow for resource investment planning to decrease social vulnerability,thus enhancing resilience and adaptive capacity in a more homogeneous way at the urban scale.

关键词： Disaster risk Global warming potential Hurricane Katrina Life cycle assessment New Orleans Social vulnerability Temporary housing

Mechanisms and treatment strategies of demyelinating and dysmyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第9期18卷 1931-1939页

作者： Nadège Hertzog claire Jacob Faculty of biology Institute of Developmental Biology and NeurobiologyJohannes Gutenberg University MainzHanns-Dieter-Hüsch-WegMainzGermany

Schwann cells,the myelinating glia of the peripheral nervous system,wrap axons multiple times to build their myelin *** is of paramount importance for axonal integrity and fast axon potential ***,myelin is lacking or dysfunctional in several neuropathies including demyelinating and dysmyelinating Charcot-M arie-To oth ***-Marie-To oth disease represents the most prevalent inherited neuropathy in humans and is classified either as axonal,demyelinating or dysmyelinating,or as *** demyelinating or dysmyelinating forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease constitute the majority of the disease cases and are most frequently due to mutations in the three following myelin genes:peripheral myelin protein 22,myelin protein ze ro and gap junction beta 1(coding for Connexin 32) causing Charcot-M arie-Tooth disease type 1A,Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1b,and X-linked Charcot-M arie-Tooth disease type 1,*** resulting perturbation of myelin structure and function leads to axonal demyelination or dysmyelination and causes severe disabilities in affected *** treatment to cure or slow down the disease progression is currently available on the market,howeve r,scientific discoveries led to a better understanding of the pathomechanisms of the disease and to potential treatment *** this review,we describe the features and molecular mechanisms of the three main demyelinating or dysmyelinating forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease,the rodent models used in research,and the emerging therapeutic approaches to cure or counteract the progression of the disease.

关键词： Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease rodent models emerging treatments demyelination and dysmyelination endoplasmic reticulum stress gene therapy myelin repair Schwann cells unfolded protein response

The crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis: where does this lead?

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Protein & Cell 2012年第1期3卷 17-27页

作者： claire Gordy You-Wen He Department of Immunology Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNC 27710USA

Recent advances in the understanding of the molecular processes contributing to autophagy have provided insight into the relationship between autophagy and *** contrast to the concept of“autophagic cell death,”accumulating evidence suggests that autophagy serves a largely cytoprotective role in physiologically relevant *** cytoprotective function of autophagy is mediated in many circumstances by negative modulation of *** signaling,in turn,serves to inhibit *** the mechanisms mediating the complex counter-regulation of apoptosis and autophagy are not yet fully understood,important points of crosstalk include the interactions between beclin-1 and bcl-2/bcl-xL and between FADD and Atg5,caspase-and calpain-mediated cleavage of autophagy-related proteins,and autophagic degradation of *** investigation of these and other means of crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms controlling the balance between survival and death both under normal conditions and in diseases including cancer.

关键词： autophagy apoptosis beclin-1 lymphocytes

Contributions of Trimorphic Life Cycles to Dispersal and Evolutionary Trends in Large benthic Foraminifers

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Journal of Earth Science 2022年第6期33卷 1425-1433页

作者： Pamela Hallock claire E.Reymond College of Marine Science University of South FloridaSt.PetersburgFL33701USA School of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China School of Geosciences The University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia

The basic life cycle of Foraminifera has long been recognized as alternation between sexual and asexual generations;a common modification is several successive asexual *** and release of flagellated gametes also has been documented as the basic sexual-reproductive mode in extant *** on population dynamics,local spatial distributions,and biogeography of Amphistegina *** Heterostegina depressa have been augmented by culture studies over the past 50years,providing insights that have been widely used in paleoecological and paleoenvironmental *** are proposed suggesting how stages in the life cycle might contribute to understanding biogeographic and evolutionary trends commonly observed in large benthic *** of sexually-produced cryptobiotic propagules,followed by successive asexual generations(schizogeny),can potentially establish viable,locally-adapted populations within literally years,consistent with the concepts of both allopatric speciation and reticulate evolution associated with isolation and reconnection of local *** review concludes with the recommendation that future studies utilizing genomics,proteonomics,geochemistries,scanning technologies,and other approaches can promote greater understanding of both modern and fossil larger benthic foraminiferal lineages.

关键词： Amphistegina coiling ratio diatom symbionts Heterostegina depressa propagule schizogeny life cycle

Investigating approaches to improving rendering performance of 3D city models on mobile devices

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2014年第2期17卷 73-84页

作者： claire ELLUL Julia ALTENbUCHNER Department of Civil Environmental and Geomatic EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUK

Three-dimensional(3D)city models have uses including on-site validation of utility infrastructure,support for augmented reality,personalized tourist information,real estate sales,and 3D pedestrian ***,such applications are deployed on mobile devices,whose use is becoming more *** devices are used for more professional use requiring larger screens,mobile phones for more casual ***,many 3D city models contain hundreds of buildings,which in turn results in performance issues when attempting to visualize such models on these *** issues can be identified as contributory factors-the lower specification of the mobile device itself when compared with desktop machines and the lower bandwidth network between the device and the server(3G mobile or Wi-Fi).both of these can be addressed by reducing the volume of data in the *** achieve this,we generalize a 2D data-set(using aggregation and simplification)and then extrude the generalized 2D maps to *** minimizes the number of buildings to be transmitted over the network and processed by the on-board graphics *** additionally address the bandwidth issue,we make use of topological data structuring to build and transmit a minimal description for each *** these approaches,we compare the results obtained for generalized and un-generalized data-sets,on a tablet and mobile device.A performance increase of between 7 and 9 times is observed.

关键词： 3D GIS generalization openGL ES mobile devices performance

Amalgamated gold-nanoalloys with enhanced catalytic activity for the detection of mercury ions(Hg^2+)in seawater samples

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Nano Research 2020年第4期13卷 989-998页

作者： Natasha Logan claire McVey Christopher Elliott Cuong Cao Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological SciencesQueens University Belfast19 Chlorine GardensBelfastBT95DLUK Material and Advanced Technologies for Healthcare Queens University Belfast18-30 Malone RoadBelfastBT95BNUK

Mercury(Hg)is extremely toxic,and continues to cause major threats to aquatic life,human health and the ***^2+mainly derives from seawater as a product of atmospheric deposition,therefore there is great demand for sensing approaches that can detect Hg^2+in seawater ***,we demonstrate that the peroxidase-mimicking activity of gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)or so-called nanozymes,can be exploited for the detection of Hg^2+ions in various water *** a high electrolyte environment,the catalytic activity for the oxidation of 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine(TMb)was significantly diminished due to poor stability of the *** activity was reduced by-73.7%when the NaCl concentration was higher than 1.168%,which is much lower than that of seawater(-3.5%),thus presenting its unsuitability for detecting Hg^2+in harsh water *** overcome this limitation,AuNPs were first functionalized with oligo-ethylene glycol(OEG),of which their colloidal form presented high stability in NaCl concentrations up to 20%and across a wide range of pHs from ***,the catalytic activity of OEG-AuNPs for the oxidation of TMb was strongly suppressed by the coating,but enhanced upon formation of Au-Hg *** novel finding underlies a straightforward,sensitive,and highly selective detection platform for Hg^2+in water *** approach could detect the exposure limit level for Hg^2+in drinking water(i.e.,2 ppb for tap and bottled water)as set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)and the World Health Organization(WHO).When Hg^2+was spiked into a 3.5%saline solution and a coastal seawater certified reference material(CRM),the detection limits were found to be 10 ancM 3 ppb,respectively,which exceed the Hg^2+concentrations commonly found within seawater(-60-80 ppb).The whole procedure takes less than 45 min to conduct,providing a highly innovative,rapid and low-cost approach for detecting Hg^2+in complex water matrices.

关键词： gold nanoparticles nanozyme peroxidase-like mercury detection w ater samples seawater

Change in observed long-term greening across Switzerlandevidence from a three decades NDVI time-series and its relationship with climate and land cover factors

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big Earth Data 2024年第1期8卷 1-32页

作者： claire Obuchowicz Charlotte Poussin Gregory Giuliani Institute for Environmental Sciences EnviroSPACE labUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Institute for Environmental Sciences University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland

Environmental changes are significantly modifying terrestrial vegetation dynamics,with serious consequences on Earth system functioning and provision of ecosystem *** conditions are an essential element underpinning global sustainability frameworks,such as the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),requiring effective solutions to assess the impacts of changing land conditions induced by various driving *** the global scale,long-term increase of vegetation greening has been widely reported notably in seasonally snow-covered ecosystems as a response to warming ***,greening trends at the national scale have received less attention,although countries like Switzerland are prone to important changing climate ***,we used a 35-year satellite-derived annual and seasonal time-series of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)to assess vegetation greenness evolution at different spatial and temporal scales across Switzerland and related them to temperature,precipitation,and land cover to investigate possible responses of changing climatic *** indicate that there is a statistically significant greening trend at the national scale with an NDVI mean increasing slope of 0.6%/year for the 61%significant pixels across *** particular,the seasonal mean NDVI shows an important break for winter,autumn and spring seasons starting from 2010,potentially indicating a critical point of changing land *** biogeographical scale,we observed an apparent clustering(Jura-Plateau;Northern-Southern Alps;Eastern-Western Alps)related to landscape characteristics,while forested land cover classes are more responsive to NDVI ***,the NDVI values are mostly a function of temperature at elevations below the tree line rather than *** findings suggest that multi-annual and seasonal NDVI can be a valuable indicator to monitor vegetation conditions at different scales and can provide complementary observati

关键词： Landsat climate land cover NDVI anomaly

Surface Expressions of Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in Continental Interiors

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第3期88卷 1004-1016页

作者： WANG Huilin claire A CURRIE ZHAN Yan University of Alberta State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration

Two-dimensional thermal-mechanical numerical models show that Rayleigh-Taylor-type （RT） gravitational removal of high-density lithosphere may produce significant surface deformation （vertical deflection 〉1000 m） in the interior of a continental plate.A reasonable range of crustal strengths and thicknesses,representing a variation from a stable continental interior to a hot orogen with a thick crust,is examined to study crustal deformation and the surface deflection in response to an RT *** general,three types of surface deflection are observed during the RT drip event：（1） subsidence and negative topography; （2） uplift and positive topography; （3） subsidence followed by uplift and inverted *** key factor that determines the surface expression is the crustal *** with a thin crust mainly show subsidence and develop a *** the thick crust models,surface expressions are more variable,depending on the crustal strength and depth of highdensity *** weak crust and a deep high-density anomaly,the RT drip is decoupled from the overlying crust,and the surface exhibits uplift or little deflection,as the RT drip induces contraction and thickening of the overlying *** contrast,with a strong crust and shallow anomaly,the surface is more strongly coupled with the drip and undergoes subsidence,followed by uplift.

关键词： intraplate tectonics Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities surface expression crustal flow

Managing Climate Change Risk in China's Agricultural Sector: The Potential for an Integrated Risk Management Framework

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第7期13卷 1418-1431页

作者： Kevin Z.Chen claire Hsu International Food Policy Research Institute-beijing Office

Climate change poses a serious threat to the future food security of China, which is among the most disaster-prone countries in the world. This paper discusses the implications of climate change for China＇s agricultural sector. Its main objectives are to identify the agricultural risks associated with climate change, to introduce a conceptual framework for agricultural climate risk management and to enumerate key adaptation strategies, challenges, and recommendations.

关键词： climate change food security risk management agricultural development