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camalote Grass (Paspalum fasciculatum Willd) as a Sustainable Raw Material for the Production of Lignocellulosic Ethanol

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2024年第2期14卷 23-33页

作者： María Luz May-Reyes cintya valerio-cárdenas Gloria Ivette Bolio-López Manuel Mateo Hernández-Villegas Miguel Ángel Velázquez-carmona Patricia De la cruz-Burelo Research and Postgraduate coordination Universidad Popular de la Chontalpa Crdenas Tabasco Mexico

The current trend of replacing a percentage of gasoline with ethanol has promoted the development of new processes for its production from lignocellulosic biomass. This work reports the production of ethanol from the camalote grass (Paspalum fasciculatum Willd). The lignocellulosic biomass was subjected to acid hydrolysis at 125c and 15 psi with H2SO4 concentrations at 5%, 10%, and 20%, obtaining an average of reducing sugars (pentoses and hexoses) from the hydrolyzed juice with 12.3%, 10%, and 17% Brix, respectively. The sugars were fermented using yeast of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 30c for 48 hours. Finally, the ethanol was distilled at 78c, and the average yields were obtained through analysis of variance with a 95% confidence level. The values indicate that there is a significant difference (p > 0.05), the Tukey study shows that all the % v/v averages are different from each other. For H2SO4 concentration at 5% (10.33 ± 2), H2SO4 at 10% (9.33 ± 1.8), and H2SO4 at 20% (6.33 ± 2). The acidity analysis for the ethanol obtained from each treatment gave a value of 1.8 mg/L of acetic acid in all cases.

关键词： Lignocellulosic Ethanol Lignocellulosic Biomass camalote Grass Acid Hydrolysis Energy crops

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camalote Grass (Paspalum fasciculatum Willd) as a Sustainable Raw Material for the Production of Lignocellulosic Ethanol

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems（可持续生物质能源系统） 2024年第2期 23页

作者： María Luz May-Reyes cintya valerio-cárdenas Gloria Ivette Bolio-López Manuel Mateo Hernández-Villegas Miguel Ángel Velázquez-carmona Patricia De la cruz-Burelo

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Sugarcane Vinasse, a Residue of Ethanol Industry: Toxic, cytotoxic and Genotoxic Potential Using the Allium cepa Test

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第5期7卷 602-612页

作者： Janaína Pedro-Escher cintya A. christofoletti Yadira Ansoar-Rodríguez carmem S. Fontanetti UNESP—S?o Paulo State University Rio Claro Brazil UNIARARAS—Hermínio Ometto Foundation Araras Brazil Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Pharmacy and Food Institute University of Havana Havana Cuba

The search for fuels to replace petroleum consumption has caused an increase in the production of biofuels worldwide. The ethanol, which comes from sugarcane, is an energy resource with low polluting potential, but its production generates other environmental problems. On average, 10 to 15 liters of vinasse are generated while preparing each liter of ethanol. Vinasse is the final by-product of the biomass distillation, mainly for the production of ethanol, from different cultures such as sugarcane. Because excessive quantities of vinasse are produced, alternatives have been required for use, for example as fertilizer, in a process known as fertigation. These excessive amounts of vinasse applied in soils have generated adverse effects on soil properties and to the organisms. This study carried out the toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of sugarcane vinasse obtained from two different harvests (Samples I and II), using the Allium cepa organism test. A. cepa seeds were exposed to raw vinasse (RV) and diluted in different concentrations: control soil + raw vinasse (SV);vinasse diluted in water at 50% + control soil (V 50%);vinasse diluted in water at 25% + control soil (V 25%);vinasse diluted in water at 12.5% + control soil (V 12.5%). The chemical characterization of vinasse samples showed a low pH and high concentration of potassium. The results demonstrate that the two RV samples tested are toxic, since no seeds germination was observed. The cytotoxic potential was observed in the sample II of SV and V (50%). All groups evaluated in samples I and II, induced chromosomal alterations, statistically significant compared with negative control. An increase in frequency of micronuclei in meristematic cells was observed in the SV (Sample I) and all groups evaluated in samples II. Based on the results it is concluded that the genetic material of the test-system was damaged when exposed to sugarcane vinasse, suggesting that one should be very careful in the use of this

关键词： Micronucleus chromosome Aberrations Agroindustrial Residue

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Genotoxic Potential of the Insecticide Imidacloprid in a Non-Target Organism (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>-Pisces)

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2015年第12期6卷 1360-1367页

作者： Yadira Ansoar-Rodríguez cintya A. christofoletti Ana claudia Marcato Jorge Evangelista correia Odair correa Bueno Osmar Malaspina carmem S. Fontanetti 1UNESP—Sã o Paulo State University Rio Claro Brazil UNESP—Sã o Paulo State University Rio Claro Brazil Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Pharmacy and Food Institute University of Havana Havana Cuba UNIARARAS—Hermínio Ometto Foundation Araras Brazil UNESP/cEIS—center of Study of Social Insects Rio Claro Brazil

The indiscriminate use of pesticides has become a serious environmental concern. Insecticide imidacloprid (IMI) is the second most widely used pesticides worldwide. In 2010, 1.934 tons of IMI were sold in Brazil, mostly to be used in sugarcane crops. Several studies have detected its presence in the aquatic environment constituting a risk to non-target organisms. The aquatic animals are organisms used for environmental biomonitoring worldwide. They are considered excellent genetic models to detect environmental mutagens. Among animal species, the fish Oreochromis niloticus, commonly known as Nile tilapia, has been used to evaluate DNA damage. The present study therefore evaluated the effect of IMI on the genetic material of Oreochromis niloticus (Pisces) erythrocytes exposed to different concentration (250;125 and 62.5 μg/L) of IMI used in growing sugarcane. The effect of the IMI was measured using the comet assay and the micronucleus (MN) test, assays that detected genotoxic damage. The results in the comet assay demonstrated that the concentrations tested induced primary damage to DNA. They also proved the occurrence of MN and nuclear abnormalities at the higher concentration used in the micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities test. The insecticide IMI induced primary DNA damage at all concentrations and damage at the chromosomal level at the highest concentration tested. The results of this study show the potential risk of IMI in a non-target organism.

关键词： DNA damage pesticide comet assay genotoxicity micronucleus test.

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